库拉索芦荟和木立芦荟叶的形态结构及有效成分含量的比较

应用植物解剖学和植物化学相结合的方法比较研究了3年生库拉索芦荟(Aloe vera L.)和木立芦荟(Aloe arborescens Mill)的形态结构和芦荟素、芦荟多糖等有效成分的含量.研究结果表明:(1)库拉索芦荟茎极短,叶丛生,成熟叶片长60~80 cm,质量400~550 g;木立芦荟茎高50~70 cm,叶互生,成熟叶片长40~50 cm,质量100~150 g.(2)两种芦荟叶都由表皮、同化组织、贮水组织和维管束组成.库拉索芦荟叶的贮水组织占横切面的90%以上,而木立芦荟叶的贮水组织仅占横切面的70%.(3)库拉索芦荟叶中芦荟素含量为1.46%,芦荟多糖含量为3.56%,宜作为芦荟多糖的原料;木立芦荟叶中芦荟素含量为2.15%,芦荟多糖含量为2.58%,宜作为芦荟素等蒽醌类物质的原料.研究结果为芦荟的引种栽培、采收和产品加工提供了科学依据.

Comparative of Morphology and Effective Composition Between the Leaves of Aloe vera L. and Aloe arborescens Mill

The leaf structure and effective composition of 3 years old Aloe vera L.and Aloe arborescens Mill are studied by plant anatomical and plant chemical means.The result shows that,(1) the stem of Aloe vera L.is very short and with rosette leaves,which is 60~80 cm long and weighs 400~550 g.The height of the stem of Aloe arborescens Mill is 50~70 cm.The alternate leaf is 40~50 cm long and weighs 100~150 g.(2) The leaf of Aloe vera L.and Aloe arborescens Mill all consist of epidermis,chlorechyma,aquiferous tissues and vascular bundles.The aquiferous tissues are 90% and 70% separately in Aloe vera L.and Aloe arborescens Mill leaf.(3) The leaves of Aloe vera L.contained 1.46% of loin and 3.56% of aloe polysaccharide.The leaves of Aloe arborescens Mill contain 2.15% of aloin and 2.58% of aloe polysaccharide.The leaves of Aloe vera L.are the good raw of aloe polysaccharide,and the leaves of Aloe arborescens Mill are the good raw of aloin.