一种高性能全差分运算放大器的设计

设计了一种具有高增益、大带宽的全差分折叠式共源共栅增益自举运算放大电路,适用于高速高精度流水线模数转换器余量增益电路(MDAC)的应用,增益自举运算放大器的主放大器和子放大器均采用折叠式共源共栅差分结构,并且主放大器采用开关电容共模反馈来稳定输出电压,该放大器工作在5.0V电源电压下,单端负载为2pF,采用华润上华(CSMC)0.5μm 5VCMOS工艺对电路进行仿真测试,结果显示该运放的直流增益可达到126.3dB,单位增益带宽为316MHz。精度为0.01%时的建立时间为4.3ns。     

一种极低功耗运算放大器的设计与仿真

为了满足低电压低功耗的应用需求,本文利用MOSFET在亚阈区的超低功耗特性,实现了一种带共模反馈的亚阈运算放大器.该亚阈运算放大器结构简单,采用TSMC 0.18μm工艺实现,且工作于1.2 V电源电压下.通过Synopsys Hspice仿真,结果表明,该电路在输出负载为0.5pF时直流增益为70.97 dB、单位增益带宽6.346 MHz、相位裕度85.76°、正负压摆率分别为3.58V/μs和-3.58 V/μs,功耗仅为4.80μW.     

前馈型轨到轨恒跨导恒增益CMOS运算放大器

设计了一种恒跨导恒增益的轨到轨运算放大器.输入级采用一倍电流镜控制的互补差分对结构,实现轨到轨和恒跨导.通过分析运算放大器电压增益随共模电压变化的原因,提出了一种前馈型恒增益控制模块,可以根据共模电压开启或关闭附加电流源,使运算放大器电压增益保持恒定.输出级采用前馈型AB类输出结构,以达到轨到轨输出效果.采用Chartered公司0.35μm工艺进行流片,仿真及测试结果表明:该运算放大器的直流开环增益为125dB,单位增益带宽为8.879MHz,在整个共模范围内电压增益最大变化率为1.69%.     

基于0.18μm SiGe BiCMOS工艺的带宽为2 GHz的高精度可变增益放大器

设计了一个高精度可变增益放大器,采用0.18μm SiGe BiCMOS工艺进行前仿真和后仿真.运用电流反馈型闭环运算放大器获得了高精度的固定电压增益,输出级中加入了共模反馈电路,使得输出共模电压可以由外部控制电压在0.8~1.3 V之间进行调节.另外,先进的补偿网络可以对工艺偏差进行校准,使其带宽达到2 GHz;为了实现增益可调,采用了无源R-xR网络实现步长为2 dB的精确衰减,最终使得增益在数字信号控制下以2 dB步长在-0.93~39.19 dB范围内可调.整个系统结构简单,增益控制方便.     

基于0.5μm CMOS工艺的高速运放

设计了高单位增益带宽积、大摆率、宽输出摆幅的运算放大器,该运算放采用了两级全差动结构.设计采用增加1个前馈放大级电路,以此产生1个左半平面零点并与第一个次极点相抵消的频率补偿方案,达到了环路稳定的要求.另外,提出一种新颖的共模反馈(CMFB)方案,使共模抑制比达到62dB,电路采用CSMC公司的0.5μm CMOS数模混合信号工艺设计并经过流片.测试结果表明,在单电源3.3 V电压下,运放的直流增益为65.5 dB,单位增益带宽积达350 MHz以及±2.7 V的输出摆幅.     

全差分高增益运放的设计

在3．3V电源电压下采用中芯国际（SMIC）0．18μm混合信号CMOS工艺设计了一个单级全差分运算放大器．所设计的运放采用了增益提升技术,其主运放为一个带有开关电容共模反馈的全差分折叠-共源共栅运放,两个简单的连续时间共模反馈电路的运放作为辅运放用来提升主运放的开环增益．仿真结果表明,所设计的运放直流增益可达110dB,单位增益带宽为5MHz．     

一种高性能低功耗两级全差分运算放大器设计

分析并设计了一种高速、高增益、低功耗的两级全差分运算放大器.该运算放大器用于高速高精度模数转换器中.运算放大器第一级采用增益自举cascode结构获得较大的直流增益,采用2个新的全差分运算放大器替代传统的4个单端运算放大器作为增益自举结构.该放大器采用SMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺设计,电源电压1.8 V,直流增益125 dB,单位增益带宽300 MHz(负载3 pF),功耗6.3 mW,输出摆幅峰峰值达2 V.     

2.5V/0.25um Rail-to-Rail运算放大器

本文采用0.25um CMOS工艺,设计了一种rail-to-rail运算放大器,该放大器用2.5V单电源供电,其输入共模范围和输出信号摆幅可以达到零电源电压,单位增益带宽为320MHz,相位裕度为60°.     

高增益、恒跨导Rail-Rail CMOS运算放大器设计

设计和研究了一种高增益恒跨导Rail-Rail CMOS运算放大器,输入级采用工作在亚阈值区的互补差分形式输入结构。与以往输入结构相比,不仅使输入共模电压达到Rail-Rail,而且降低了工作电压,提高了电源利用率。利用电流开关的作用使输入跨导在输入共模范围内恒定。中间级为MOS差分结构,并且同向驱动输出级使其具有推挽特性。采用嵌套米勒频率补偿使运算放大器稳定。整个电路采用华虹0.35μmCMOS工艺参数进行设计,工作电压为3.0 V。利用OrCAD HSPICE仿真结果显示,在10 kΩ电阻和5 pF电容的负载下,运算放大的直流开环增益为110 dB,相位裕度为70°,单位增益带宽为45 MHz。     

一种3.3 V/0.6μm轨对轨CMOS运算放大器的设计

基于0.6μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种轨对轨运算放大器.讨论了该运算放大器的原理、性能及设计方法,并进行了模拟仿真.此运算放大器采用了3.3V单电源供电,其输入共模范围和输出信号摆幅接近于地和电源电压,即所谓输入和输出电压范围轨对轨.其运放的小信号增益为77dB,单位增益带宽为4.32MHz,相位裕度为79度.由于电路简单,工作稳定,输入输出线性动态范围宽,非常适合于SOC芯片内集成.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-