真刺唇角水蚤产卵率的饵料效应和自然种群繁殖特征

在1986年4月至1987年8月间研究了厦门港真刺唇角水蚤(Labidcceracuchaeta Giesbrecht)的生殖率。结果表明,恒温(20℃)时,相对产卵率(Fe,％C■/d)与饵料密度(P,μgC/ml)成正相关,Fe=0.1732(P-0.0179)/P,总产卵效率(以C计)约为62％,与饵料密度和摄食率无关,产卵雌体百分数终年处于较高水平,平均69％,且与现场产卵率一样呈季节变化,真刺唇均水蚤在厦门港终年持续繁殖,夏季当繁殖盛季,冬季为淡季,根据种群平均产卵率高峰数■断一年有10个■代。     

真刺唇角水蚤食性转变的研究

真刺唇角水蚤(Labidooera enchaeta Giesbrecht)的食性是以肉食性为主的杂食性。它对不同浮游植物种类的摄食率不同。在动物和植物混合食物(Artemia 无节幼虫和 Proroentrum micans)中,真刺唇角水蚤存在食性转变,这对它在自然海区中的生存具有重要的生态意义。     

真刺唇角水蚤体长和温度对生殖率的影响

于1986年4月至1987年8月间研究了厦门港真刺唇角水蚤(Labidoceracuchaeta Giesbrecht)的生殖率,结果表明,在充足饵料条件下,相对产卵率与产卵雌体体长无关,与温度成正相关,与实验温度的关系有季节性的变化,分析10个月海区温度接近于实验温度的资料得到产卵率(F,卵/?/d)与温度(T,℃)和雌体碳重(Wc,μg C)的关系式:F=0.0637(T-7)~(0.7445)·Wc,总产卵量与体长成正相关,但与温度关系较复杂,在海区温度范围孵化率与温度无关,终年处于较高水平(58～94％,平均81％)。     

几种因素对真刺唇角水蚤摄食率的影响

真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchacta Giesbrecht)在室内条件下不存在明显的昼夜摄食节律,光周期对摄食率的影响不显著,摄食率随食物浓度的升高而增大,??年虫无节律的饱和摄食率浓度约为100只/250ml,摄食率与食物浓度的相关模式因摄食潜力的不同而异.试验动物密度为1～2只/250ml的摄食率明显大于该密度以上,文中还对昼夜摄食节律机制及摄食率与食物浓度的相关模式间题作了初步讨论。     

桡足类刺尾纺锤水蚤(Acartia spinicauda)对赤潮生物海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans)摄食的研究

以浮游桡足类刺尾纺锤水蚤(Acartia spinicauda)对海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans)的摄食实验表明,摄食率随着饵料密度增高而增大。在水温20℃时,最大摄食潜力约为33000细胞/个·天,夜间摄食力显著大于白昼,混合饵料实验中,刺尾纺锤水蚤表现出较强的择食倾向。由实验结果推导出摄食经验公式为:1=33 000(1-e~(-0.4x~2))。     

广东深圳大鹏湾的桡足类腹刺纺锤水蚤对链状亚历山大藻摄食的研究

在不同条件下，大鹏湾浮游动物优势种腹刺纺锤水蚤对链状亚历山大藻的摄食实验表明，摄食率随饵料浓度的增加而增大，而当达到最大值后，饵料浓度继续增加，摄食率反而下降，温度为１５℃、２０℃、２５℃时，最大摄食率亦随温度增高而增大，且温度高时在低饵料浓度情况下即可达到最大摄食率，链状亚历山大藻虽能发先，但影响腹刺纺锤水蚤摄食的主要是光照的长短，在由链状亚历山大藻和亚心形扁藻组成的混合饵料中，腹刺纺锤水蚤偏食后者，它对二者的理论摄食模型为：ｙ＝１２７０７．６８－２９０７３ｘ＋０．０００１８０５５ｘ￣２（ｒ＝０．９９８９）（ｙ为对链状亚历山大藻的摄食率，ｘ为亚心形扁藻浓度）。     

厦门海域真刺唇角水蚤mtCOI序列分析

采用PCR扩增、克隆和序列测定等技术对厦门海域真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaetaGiesbrecht)线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I亚基基因(mitochondrial COI,mtCOI)进行了初步研究,得到3个雌性个体的mtCOI基因片段序列,序列的长度为709 bp,其A,T,C,G平均含量分别为23%、37%、15%和25%.三条核苷酸序列经比较后,得到其遗传相似性(i-dentity)为99.29%,共有15个差异位点,核苷酸差异均为颠换(transversion)类型.比较了厦门海域真刺唇角水蚤与GenBank数据库中的角水蚤科(Pontellidae)6个种的mtDNA COI基因片段序列(索引号AY145428、AY145429、AB206443、AB206444、AB206445、AB206446),其同源性为87.34%.文中讨论了上述7种桡足类的系统发生关系.     

温度对锯缘青蟹溞状幼体呼吸和排泄的影响

用水瓶法和径流装置测定了锯缘青蟹各期溞状幼体(Z1～Z5)在不同温度(22、24、26、28、30和32 ℃)下的耗氧率和氨氮排泄率.实验结果表明,耗氧率和氨氮排泄率随温度的升高而升高,但各期幼体之间存在差异;Q10值表明,最适温度Z1和Z2是24～26 ℃,Z3和Z4是28～30 ℃,而Z5是26～28 ℃;耗氧率和氨氮排泄率与幼体干质量呈幂函数关系,M=aDWb,耗氧率和氨氮排泄率的a值范围分别是119.26～304.64和508.13～942.17,平均值分别为180.23和754.74;b值范围分别是-0.672 4～-0.515 5和-0.772 9～-0.453 6,平均值分别为-0.586 5和-0.613 1;不同温度下各期幼体的O/N平均值为15.6,青蟹幼体主要以蛋白质代谢物质;耗氧率和氨氮排泄率与温度和体重的二元回归方程分别为R=14.83+0.526T-0.090DW (r2=0.821 1, n=26)和E=6.09+4.47T-0.376DW (r2=0.779 6, n=26),F检验表明相关性极显著(F＜F0.01).     

温度对锯缘青蟹状幼体呼吸和排泄的影响

用水瓶法和径流装置测定了锯缘青蟹各期状幼体(Z1～Z5)在不同温度(22、24、26、28、30和32℃)下的耗氧率和氨氮排泄率.实验结果表明,耗氧率和氨氮排泄率随温度的升高而升高,但各期幼体之间存在差异;Q10值表明,最适温度Z1和Z2是24～26℃,Z3和Z4是28～30℃,而Z5是26～28℃;耗氧率和氨氮排泄率与幼体干质量呈幂函数关系,M=aDWb,耗氧率和氨氮排泄率的a值范围分别是119.26～304.64和508.13～942.17,平均值分别为180.23和754.74;b值范围分别是-0.6724～-0.5155和-0.7729～-0.4536,平均值分别为-0.5865和-0 6131;不同温度下各期幼体的O/N平均值为15.6,青蟹幼体主要以蛋白质代谢物质;耗氧率和氨氮排泄率与温度和体重的二元回归方程分别为R=14.83+0.526T-0.090DW(r2=0.8211,n=26)和E=6.09+4.47T-0 376DW(r2=0.7796,n=26),F检验表明相关性极显著(F相似文献   

南黄海辐射沙脊群浮游动物群落结构及季节变化

2011年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2012年2月(冬季)对南黄海辐射沙脊群进行了四个季节浮游动物调查,共鉴定浮游动物42种,夏季(30种)春季(25种)秋季(16种)冬季(14种).总平均丰度和总平均生物量分别为70.03ind·m-3和54mg·m-3,四季丰度由大到小依次为春季(144.61ind·m-3)冬季(51.76ind·m-3)秋季(46.28ind·m-3)夏季(37.47ind·m-3);生物量依次为春季(72mg·m-3)夏季(56mg·m-3)冬季(55mg·m-3)秋季(34mg·m-3).春季丰度和生物量的分布规律不明显,夏季向东北增加,秋季向东南增加,冬季整体分布较均匀.真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)和中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)是该海域的主要优势种,四个季节唯一的共同优势种是真刺唇角水蚤,数量大,分布广,春季中华哲水蚤对总丰度贡献最大,夏季由于水温的升高数量大幅减少,冬季又成为该海域的优势种.浮游动物多样性指数(H′)年均值为1.70,夏季(2.43)春季(1.97)秋季(1.31)冬季(1.08),该海区浮游动物整体群落结构较简单.对比发现该海域与邻近海域浮游动物种类组成和季节变化规律基本一致,但丰度和生物量较低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-