产乳酸链球菌素的乳酸乳球菌的等离子体诱变选育

采用产乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)的乳酸乳球菌为出发菌株,在含有高浓度Nisin的固体平板上,筛选出了耐受10 000IU/mL Nisin的乳酸乳球菌菌株,其发酵单位达到1 680IU/mL。以此菌株为起始菌株进行常压、室温等离子体诱变,利用24方孔深孔板快速筛选高产Nisin的突变株。结果表明,在诱变菌株的存活率为3%的条件下获得的突变株的正突变率达到27.3%。通过摇瓶发酵进一步考察初步筛选的正突变株的Nisin发酵水平,发现有一个突变株发酵Nisin的活性达到6 120IU/mL。     

利用抗药性选育盐霉素高产菌株

采用紫外线诱变和紫外线复合氯化锂处理盐霉素生产菌株,利用含棕榈油的筛选平板,结合选育脂肪酶活力高的菌株,成功获得产量提高并适应棕榈油发酵的高产菌株Ae-4.棕榈油完全替代豆油摇瓶113 h发酵的产量是豆油发酵的88.7%(出发株为69.6%).进一步通过选育抗药性突变株获得了抗链霉素的高产突变株E4Lt-1(摇瓶发酵产量提高57.4%)和抗利福霉素的高产突变株Rift-1-2(摇瓶发酵产量提高44.9%).     

林可霉素产生菌林可链霉菌高产菌株的选育：Ⅰ.摇瓶初筛

本课题是利用抗生素抗性与产量之间的相关性进行林可菌素产生菌林可链霉菌高产菌株选育。本次实验以湖北制药厂五分厂生产上使用的林可链霉菌８０＾＃菌株为出发菌株，用紫外线与氯化锂进行复合处理，在含林可霉素的平板上筛选出林可霉素抗性有所提高的突变株，再经摇瓶初筛，得到五株摇瓶效价有大幅度提高的突变株。     

高产琥珀酸菌株的等离子体诱变选育

以谷氨酸棒杆菌作为原始出发菌株,通过常压室温等离子体诱变技术,确定高产琥珀酸等离子体诱变的物理参数和最佳诱变条件,采用在培养基中添加溴甲酚紫作为酸碱指示剂的方法,测定发酵液前后在波长590 nm处的吸光值,高通量筛选出在该波长处吸光值变化较大的突变株.结果表明:在诱变菌株的存活率为8％的条件下获得的突变株的正突变率达到22％.用40 g/L的葡萄糖对突变株进行摇瓶分批发酵,筛选得到诱变菌E7产琥珀酸15.6 g/L,乳酸22.8 g/L,该菌具备良好的产琥珀酸与有机酸的能力.     

L-精氨酸产生菌的离子束诱变育种

采用N离子束对谷氨酸棒杆菌进行诱变处理,筛选磺胺胍抗性突变菌株,将突变菌株进行摇瓶发酵实验,选育出一株L-精氨酸产量较高和产酸性能比较稳定的突变菌株。该菌株L-精氨酸产量比出发菌株提高了24.8%。     

紫外和He-Ne激光复合诱变筛选L-丙氨酸高产菌株

对L-丙氨酸产生菌德阿昆哈假单孢菌分别进行紫外、激光以及紫外—激光的复合诱变筛选,结果表明,复合诱变正突变率幅度较大.从紫外—激光的复合诱变得到的突变株中筛选到3株遗传性状稳定的高产菌株,其L-天冬氨酸-β-脱羧酶的活性较之出发菌株分别提高19.97%、30.04%和26.55%,经9次传代培养,突变株性质稳定.     

He-Ne激光复合诱变选育柠檬酸高产菌

柠檬酸产生菌黑曲霉经多次物理、化学诱变处理后会对其产生一定的抗性,在菌种改良过程中不易得到优良高产菌株。为此,以黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)28#为出发菌株,采用金属盐类化合物—LiCl处理黑曲霉的孢子,然后用He-Ne激光辐照对柠檬酸发酵菌黑曲霉进行复合诱变。结果表明,各实验组发生了明显的不同变化,说明该方法能诱发黑曲霉细胞的遗传变异,适合于菌种的改良选育。研究采用玉米粉为原料,摇瓶发酵时间72h,发酵温度35±1℃,通过溴甲酚绿指示性平板辅助筛选和摇瓶发酵,筛选出了3株柠檬酸发酵高产突变菌株,柠檬酸产酸率提高了19.29%,转化率从87.07%提高到103.86%,其中菌株L42遗传相对稳定,可作为进一步诱变筛选的出发菌株。     

葡甘聚糖酶高产菌株Bacillus subtilis的超剂量诱变育种

超剂量诱变育种就是加大诱变剂处理剂量,提高菌株突变幅度,从而获得较好的诱变效果.以葡甘聚糖酶产生菌Bacillus subtilis MY-1为初始菌株,先用紫外线、硫酸二乙酯进行单因子诱变,再用超剂量复合诱变,经过透明圈法和摇瓶筛选,得到了一株高产葡甘聚糖酶的突变菌株,命名为Bacillus subtilis UDMY-25,连续传代培养5次,发酵酶活稳定在5 387.2U/mL以上,较原初始菌株提高了44.8%,该菌株产酶能力处于同领域较高水平,具有较好的开发潜力和市场应用价值.     

酿酒酵母的连续复合诱变及其突变株的快速筛选

为了获得高产的工业用酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)菌株,利用己烯雌酚(DES)和UV对酿酒酵母菌QD进行连续复合诱变,采用改进的发酵小管集气法结合乙醇定量测定来进行突变株的筛选,并与常规复合诱变及筛选方法进行比较.结果表明:连续复合诱变的正向突变率最大值为18.9%,与常规诱变方法的最大正向突变率15.6%相比提高了21.2%,说明运用该诱变方法能获得较高的正向突变率;改进的筛选方法可以快速筛选出目的突变株,同时,获得了一株高产乙醇的突变株,在甘蔗汁发酵培养基中其乙醇产量达到9 720 mg/100 mL,比常规诱变方法筛选到的突变株乙醇产量(9 170 mg/100 mL)高出6.0%;与常规诱变方法相比,连续复合诱变方法不仅能够得到较高的正向突变率,而且能够获得更加高产的突变株.     

利用空间诱变选育辅酶Q10高产菌

 以空间搭载为诱变手段,筛选可用于工业化生产的辅酶Q10高产菌株。以类球红细菌（Rhodobacter sphaeroides）为出发菌株进行空间搭载,根据菌落形态进行初筛,摇瓶发酵进行复筛,HPLC检测含量等方法筛选辅酶Q10高产菌株。最终得到名为Shenzhou6的突变株产量比对照菌株提高30％,产量可达（0.8+0.02）g/L,经过优化培养可满足工业生产需要。同时也说明空间诱变因其复杂的空间环境条件,可以作为一种诱变手段进行工业化菌样的筛选。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-