大跨度桥梁中央开槽断面的涡振控制试验

以青岛海湾大桥大沽河航道桥中央开槽主梁断面为研究对象,采用大尺度节段模型风洞试验方法,研究了不同阻尼比下两种导流板设置方案的涡振控制效果,分析了不同导流板特征尺寸和位置对随风速变化的涡振振幅的影响.试验结果表明:中央开槽断面的涡振性能较差,对导流板设置的变化比较敏感,涡振控制效果除了与原断面气动外形和槽宽有关之外,还与导流板本身的高度、长度和倾角密切相关,建议导流板高度设置需不受桥梁断面底部附属设施的阻碍,长度应适宜,倾角135°.     

Π型钢-混凝土结合梁断面涡激振动及气动控制措施

Π型钢-混凝土结合梁由于其良好的受力性能和经济性，广泛应用于大跨径斜拉 桥中，但其气动性能相对略差，若设计不当则容易出现涡激振动现象，从而影响行车舒适性、 安全性或结构疲劳寿命等. 本文以广东潮汕大桥为实际工程依托，该桥为主跨205 m的独塔双 索面Π型钢-混凝土结合梁斜拉桥，开展了Π型钢-混凝土结合梁断面涡激振动及气动控制措 施研究. 首先，采用几何缩尺比为1∶50的主梁节段模型对该桥原设计方案主梁断面运营期涡 激振动进行了试验研究；然后，分别采用下稳定板、导流板、裙板、上稳定板等气动控制措施对 主梁涡激振动响应的控制效果进行了研究；最后，采用计算流体动力学方法（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）对主梁断面最终采用气动控制措施机理进行了研究. 结果表明：主梁原 设计方案在设计风速范围内存在大幅涡激共振现象，涡激振动幅值超过规范限值；采用“三道 下稳定板+两侧竖向裙板+上中央稳定板”组合气动控制措施后，主梁涡激振动响应得到明显 抑制；该组合气动控制措施对Π型钢-混凝土结合梁涡激振动的控制机理主要表现为：设置三 道下稳定板可有效破坏Π型主梁下侧较大旋涡，Π型主梁两侧设置竖向裙板改善了其气动流 线型程度，设置上中央稳定板可有效阻止主梁上侧较大旋涡的运动.     

边箱式π型断面涡振性能及导流板措施参数研究

π型断面因构造简单与受力性能好,被广泛应用于桥梁建设中,但其抗风性能差,易产生涡激振动问题.本文以边箱式π型断面桥梁为研究对象,采用宽高比10∶1的π型断面刚体节段模型进行同步测振测压试验,并且通过计算流体力学方法加以对比验证,研究π型断面涡振性能与导流板抑振机理.试验结果表明：边箱式π型断面在0°、±3°风攻角下发生显著涡激振动,通过在断面两侧加设特定形式及尺寸参数的导流板措施可抑制断面竖弯及扭转涡振.其中,倒L型导流板措施气动优化效果显著,可有效消除涡振振幅,而水平导流板措施的抑振效果有限,相较于竖弯涡振,扭转涡振对于水平导流板尺寸参数更为敏感.通过对比数值模拟结果与表面气动压力分布,表明倒L型导流板措施能够优化断面气动外形,削弱断面上下表面旋涡脱落尺度和能量,同时降低断面所受的周期性气动力,从而有效抑制断面涡振.     

双斜塔钢箱梁斜拉桥抗风性能试验研究

为了评价某拟建大跨度双斜塔钢箱梁斜拉桥的抗风安全性能,通过数值分析与风洞试验相结合的方法研究其结构动力特性,测定静力三分力系数、颤振临界风速和涡激振动响应,据此分析评估该桥的抗风性能.结果表明,该桥具有较好的气动和颤振稳定性,但存在两个明显的竖向涡激共振区,且最大振幅远超过规定容许值.因此,该桥需要通过气动外形优化,以减小或控制涡激振动.经多种主梁涡激振动性能优化方案对比试验得出其最优措施为轨道内侧增加一条宽1m、与底板夹角成30°的导流板.     

桥梁抗风气动措施的研究及应用

介绍作者所在风洞试验室在桥梁结构抗风研究中涉及到的气动措施及其应用方面的内容，气动措施包括在主梁上增设减小涡振振幅的抑流板，提高颤振临界风速的裙板、导流板、降低驰振响应的转向装置，改变气动力的主梁开槽方案等，同时探索了这些措施 的作用机理以及工程应用所带来的社会效益和经济效益。     

风屏障对流线型箱梁涡振性能影响机理试验研究

为研究风屏障透风率对主梁涡振性能的影响,依托某主跨808 m大跨度钢箱梁悬索桥,通过风洞测振、测压试验得到模型风致振动响应和表面各测点压力时程数据.测试原桥断面在加设风屏障后±5°攻角范围内的涡振性能,对比分析原桥断面和3种不同透风率风屏障以及安装水平分流板5种工况下主梁涡振响应和桥面各测点脉动压力系数均值、根方差;同时分析局部气动力与总体气动力的相关性和贡献作用.研究结果表明,原断面在+5°攻角下发生了多区间竖弯涡激振动,且涡振振幅远超规范允许值.安装不同透风率的风屏障后对主梁的涡激共振产生了有利的影响,消除了主梁原断面在低风速区间的涡振,最大振幅也有一定的减小.根据测得的压力数据分析,带风屏障主梁上表面中后部压力脉动减弱及局部气动力与总体气动力贡献系数减小使得主梁振幅有了小幅减小;在主梁风嘴处添加水平分流板后,局部气动力与总体气动力的相关性被完全破坏,压力脉动减弱,从而有效地抑制了主梁在该情况下的涡振.     

流线型箱梁断面涡激力展向相关试验研究

针对闭口流线型主梁结构涡激力展向相关性问题,在均匀流场条件下分别对振动状态和静止状态流线型主梁节段模型进行了不同风攻角的涡激力展向相关性试验研究,分别分析了流线型主梁断面涡激振动响应、涡激力展向相关性及主梁表面压力等.结果表明:振动状态主梁断面涡激力展向相关系数与振幅、锁定区风速等相关,锁定区上升段主梁断面涡激力展向相关系数大于锁定区最大振幅处主梁断面涡激力展向相关系数,扭转涡振锁定区升力矩展向相关系数大于竖向涡振锁定区竖向涡激力展向相关系数;振动状态主梁断面测点压力系数展向相关系数与振幅相关,振幅越大则相关系数越大.     

大跨度公铁双层斜拉桥主梁涡激共振机理与控制

以拟建的某主跨808 m公铁双层斜拉桥为工程依托，采用节段模型风洞试验研究不同攻角下双层桁架梁断面的涡振性能及5种气动控制措施的抑振效果，结合计算流体动力学（CFD）静态绕流模拟，对比分析双层桁架梁断面的涡振机理及控制方法. 研究表明：主梁断面原设计方案在+3°和0°风攻角下存在明显的竖向和扭转涡振现象，且振幅超过规范允许值；间隔封闭上层桥面栏杆或增设抑流板可有效抑制主梁扭转涡振，但竖向涡振振幅仍不满足规范要求；上弦杆外侧增设风嘴可有效抑制主梁竖向和扭转涡振，而下弦杆外侧增设风嘴对主梁涡振抑振效果有限. 气流经主梁原设计断面上层桥面分离后，在其上下表面形成周期性脱落的大尺度旋涡，并在上层桥面后部再附，这是主梁发生竖向涡振的主要诱因；上弦杆外侧增设风嘴可引导气流平稳通过上层桥面，消除了周期性的旋涡脱落，并在其上表面形成一段狭长“回流区”，从而有效抑制了涡振的发生.     

栏杆透风率对主梁涡振特性影响的风洞试验

为了研究栏杆透风率对箱形钢主梁涡激振动特性的影响,通过不同的封闭栏杆方案改变外侧栏杆的透风率,并在试验模型表面布置测压孔道,进行测振、测压风洞试验。采取2种封闭形式,一封三空和一封二空方案,即比原方案的透风率分别降低25%和33%。在不同的透风率工况下,同步测量主梁断面风速与振幅的关系及模型表面各测点的风压时程,分析模型表面各测点的平均压力系数、脉动压力系数及功率谱密度随栏杆透风率的变化情况。研究结果表明:降低栏杆透风率可有效抑制主梁的涡激振动;不同工况下,主梁表面压力系数的分布规律一致,仅在数值上有所差异,这是由阻风面积改变造成;封闭栏杆方案较原方案的脉动压力系数在分布规律及数值上均有显著差异;原方案绝大部分测点的涡脱频率集中在模型的竖弯和扭转频率,且能量较大,而封闭栏杆方案的涡脱频率仅有小部分集中在竖弯和扭转频率,且能量较小,栏杆透风率的降低改变气流的绕流,有效打散了能量在竖弯及扭转频率上的集中,因此未能激起结构的显著振动;涡激振动对栏杆透风率具有敏感阈值,栏杆透风率降低25%是对该桥竖弯涡振影响的阈值。     

并列双箱梁桥面风致涡激振动试验研究

基于两座具有并列双箱梁的缆索承重桥梁,做了一系列的弹性悬挂节段模型风洞试验.结果表明,双桥面之间存在不可忽略的气动干扰效应,它对双桥面桥梁的涡激振动会产生不利影响.以平胜桥主梁节段模型为基础的风洞试验研究表明,并列双桥面之间的气动干扰效应随着桥面间距的增加而减弱,从而使主梁的涡激振动特性随两桥面之间的距离而变化,而增加阻尼是抑制双桥面涡激振动的有效手段.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to