置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金组织与室温变形行为的相关性

应用压缩实验研究置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金的室温力学行为,采用OM、SEM分析了氢对钛合金组织的影响和断口形貌特征,探讨了置氢钛合金组织和室温变形行为之间的相关性.结果表明:氢的固溶强化作用使置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金硬化效应增加,但适量的氢可以显著降低其压缩屈服强度和弹性模量,且断裂时发生的变形量增加,此时合金组织为á a的双态组织,当合金中产生粗大的a晶粒时,断裂时发生的变形量显著降低;氢的加入促进了合金中斜方马氏体á″的生成;置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金的室温压缩断口为延性沿晶断裂或脆性沿晶断裂和解理型穿晶断裂两种断裂方式的混合断口.     

7475铝合金超塑变形中的显微结构变化

对质点强化型的高强度7475铝合金超塑变形中显微组织变化进行了研究。结果表明,在超塑变形中发生下面三个连续过程:(1)位错从晶界发出;(2)位错攀移越过晶内弥散分布的第二相质点;(3)位错消失于晶界。位错密度随应变的增加而增加。位错攀移越过弥散质点的过程是合金超塑变形的速控过程,超塑变形的主要机制是晶界滑移伴随晶内位错运动。     

基于摩擦和温度修正的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金热变形本构模型建立

Ti-6Al-4V是民航客机应用最广泛的中高强度钛合金, 在锻造领域, 数值模拟准确性依赖于高准确度的材料模型. 本工作基于热压缩模拟方法, 在不同变形温度（750、800、850、900和950 ℃）和应变速率（0.001、0.01、0.1、1和5 /s）下, 针对变形量为60%的Ti-6Al-4V合金, 考虑鼓度因素影响, 对真实应力-真实应变曲线进行了摩擦和温度修正, 并进一步构建了该工况条件下的本构模型. 对比实验结果, 修正后的流变应力值低于实际测量值, 且随着应变量和应变速率的提高、变形温度的降低, 二者之间的差值也逐渐增大. 本工作分别建立了Ti-6Al-4V双曲正弦式以及用Z参数表达的材料本构模型. 真实应力应变曲线的摩擦和温度修正对提高材料模型的准确性具有指导意义, 同时对提高数值模拟精度具有参考价值.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金电弧熔丝增材的组织性能研究进展

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金具有密度低、高温下组织稳定、强度高的特点,被广泛应用于机翼翼梁、起落架支撑肋等航空工业关键零部件的制造。电弧熔丝增材技术研究始于20世纪80年代,该技术具有成型效率高、原材料利用率高、设备简单等优势。目前,学界对Ti-6Al-4V合金电弧熔丝增材技术开展了广泛研究并已取得一定成果。笔者综述了电弧熔丝增材制造技术的发展历史及研究热点,并整合了国内外Ti-6Al-4V合金电弧熔丝增材技术的最新研究及应用情况,对电弧熔丝增材制造Ti-6Al-4V合金的组织性能特性及调控工艺进行了总结与展望。     

Ti-15-3合金超塑性拉伸变形过程的计算机优化控制

通过单片计算机对Ti-15-3合金超塑性拉伸变形过程进行优化控制，讨论了其优化原理和控制方法，介绍了该计算机控制系统的硬件和软件。实验结果表明，超塑变形过程的优化控制能显著提高Ti-15-3钛合金的超塑性能，是一种有应用价值的最佳变形模式。     

稀土Ce对Al-5Ti-0.5Mg-0.15Gd合金微观组织和细化行为的影响

研究了稀土Ce添加量对Al-5Ti-0.5Mg-0.15Gd中间合金微观组织和细化行为的影响,结果表明:Al-5Ti-0.5Mg-0.15Gd中间合金基体上分布着条状的TiAl_3相,径向尺寸为10-200μm,轴向尺寸为30-40μm;当Ce加入量为0.5%时,Al-5Ti-0.5Mg-0.15Gd中的TiAl_3相尺寸明显降低,并随着Ce含量增加,TiAl_3相尺寸进一步降低,当Ce加入量增至1.5%时,细化剂中的TiAl_3颗粒相变得更加细小,并在轴向上发生离断;与Al-5Ti相比,Al-5Ti-0.5Mg-0.15Gd-1.5Ce对Al-7Si合金的α-Al细化更显著,并对合金中的共晶硅也有细化作用.     

Cr和Mn元素强化的α钛合金的制备及其组织性能

在前人已经优化评估的Ti-Al-Cr-Mn四元热力学数据库的基础上,设计了一种新型α钛合金Ti-6Al-3Cr-1Mn,并利用分瓣式水冷铜坩埚成功制得了该合金。该合金在770℃下经轧机轧制成6mm厚的板材,然后于750℃保温90min进行真空退火热处理,出炉后置于空气中冷却。通过组织观察,发现无论是铸锭还是退火后的板材,室温下均为α型钛合金,与设计相符。室温力学性能试验表明,Ti-6Al-3Cr-1Mn合金的力学性能良好,平均屈服强度为894.9MPa,抗拉强度为926.7MPa,断后延伸率为15.2%。Ti-6Al-3Cr-1Mn合金与典型的α型钛合金TA15相比,室温强度相当,但塑性更好,成本更低。Ti-6Al-3Cr-1Mn合金的自腐蚀电位为-0.21V,自腐蚀电流密度为7.7×10-7 A·cm-2,耐腐蚀性能良好。     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金长寿命疲劳试验

研究了Ti-6Al-4V在室温空气环境下的疲劳性能,获得疲劳寿命为107下的Goodman曲线.结果表明,用简化的Goodman直线代替Goodman曲线对于Ti-6Al-4V钛合金偏于保守.对断口形貌的观察表明应力比R在0附近时裂纹萌生于内部,而当应力比接近-1和1时裂纹萌生于表面.另外,研究了估算Ti-6Al-4V在不同应力比的疲劳强度估算公式,得出Ti-6Al-4V厚板和挤压件缺口试样估算公式的系数,分别为1.422和1.042.     

含Sc铝镁合金超塑变形行为与显微组织特征

研究了含微量Ｓｃ元素的ＡｌＭｇ合金在超塑变形过程中的力学行为和显微组织．结果表明：合金可在较宽温度和应变速率范围内获得良好的超塑性．在温度为５２０℃,初始应变速率为１６７×１０－３ｓ－１条件下拉伸变形时最大延伸率可以达到３９６％．显微组织分析发现,合金的超塑性效应是由变形初期的动态再结晶诱发产生,其超塑变形过程可分为亚晶超塑性阶段、过渡阶段和细晶超塑性阶段．     

Al-Mg系铝合金超塑性薄壁管材

采用熔铸—均匀化退火—挤压工艺研制Al-5.60Mg-0.30Zr-0.07Cr-0.16Mn（质量分数,%）合金管材。对该合金管材进行析出退火处理后,采用热旋—退火—冷旋工艺制备薄壁旋压管。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸性能测试等手段研究该铝合金旋压管冷变形态与完全再结晶退火态的组织与性能,测试其超塑性能,讨论其超塑性变形与断裂行为。研究结果表明,在Al-Mg铝合金中加入微量锆、铬、锰,可以促使试验合金中第二相颗粒弥散分布,减小后续加工的变形不均匀性;Al-5.6Mg-0.30Zr合金经析出退火—旋压变形后,于500℃退火1 h的再结晶退火组织晶粒平均粒径小于10μm。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.