水库水的藻毒素污染调查及产毒藻株的分离鉴定

通过对水库水进行定期采样,测定水样富营养化控制因子、叶绿素a和藻毒素的含量,了解水库水微囊藻毒素(MCLR)的污染状况、季节性变化规律以及分离鉴定释放毒素的产毒藻株,以期探讨引起藻毒素污染的内外原因.实验结果表明,在监测的8个月内水库水都检出MCLR,其变化规律与总氮、总磷和叶绿素a的含量呈现正相关,同时受水温变化幅度影响,4月和10月正是春秋两季季节交替的变温期,此时藻毒素含量明显高于其它月份,为藻毒素污染的暴增期;同时分离出5株产毒藻,其中1株为优势藻株,初步鉴定为微囊藻,产毒MCLR,是引起水库水MCLR污染的优势藻.     

武汉市解放公园池塘的微囊藻水华及其毒性变化的生态研究

报道了一小型富营养化公园池塘中(年度总氮、总磷的平均值分别为6.1和1.79mg@L-1)微囊藻水华及其毒性变化的生态研究结果.水华中铜绿微囊藻的多度大于90%.水华集中在5～10月间(水温在16～33℃之间)暴发,共出现了3个显著的生长峰,3个峰的叶绿素a含量分别为0.73,1.44和1.30mg@L-;该池塘中磷与水华没有相关性,铵氮则明显影响水华的发生与消亡,9.5～10.75mg@L-1浓度的铵氮促进微囊藻水华的暴发,铵氮低于0.89mg@L-1时,微囊藻水华的发生受到限制,也就是说,高浓度的铵氮是水华的"促进因子”,低浓度的铵氮是水华的"限制因子”.水华期间藻细胞的毒性呈逐步升高的趋势,但毒性峰的位置总是滞后于生长峰,而且是生长峰越大滞后的时间越长.     

乐安河-鄱阳湖段水环境因子对重金属Cu、Pb、Cd迁移转化的影响

选择乐安河-鄱阳湖段等典型湿地为研究区,在乐安河流域共设置16个典型样点,于2012年采集水样、底泥沉积物等样品,进行Cu、Pb、Cd等重金属污染的监测与评价,并对水体中pH值、总氮、总磷、COD等水质指标进行监测分析,探讨水体pH值、总氮、总磷、COD等水质指标对重金属Cu、Pb、Cd等污染物在水体及底泥沉积物中的迁移转化影响。结果表明:水环境因子中的总氮含量、总磷含量与水体中的Pb含量呈显著负相关;而水体总氮含量与水中的Cd含量呈显著正相关,且与土壤中的Cd含量呈显著负相关;水体COD含量与水样中的Cu含量呈显著正相关,水体pH值和水体中的Cu含量和水样中的Pb含量呈显著负相关。     

高效液相色谱法测定喀斯特型高原深水水库中的微囊藻毒素的含量

建立了有效的检测微囊藻毒素LR和RR的方法,对固相萃取--高效液相色谱测定水中痕量藻毒素的部分实验过程进行了优化处理.流动相体积分数:0.080.b TFA的水+甲醇(色谱纯),体积流量:1.0ml/min,紫外检测波长:238nm,进样量:20uL;在该条件下,以HPLC测定MC-LR的检测限为5.0ng/L,MC-...     

嗅味物质对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻效应

考察β-环柠檬醛,β-紫罗兰酮,庚醛,甲硫醚和二甲基三硫醚等5种藻类代谢的嗅味物质对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻效应.研究结果表明:相同浓度下嗅味物质对藻细胞的破坏作用大小顺序依次是:β-环柠檬醛,β-紫罗兰酮,庚醛,二甲基三硫醚,甲硫醚.其中甲硫醚的溶藻效应较低,基本不引起藻液变色,经过92 h后胞外微囊藻毒素的浓度仍与自然状态下的浓度相近.质量浓度为1g/L的β-环柠檬醛能在1h内将藻液由绿色变成蓝色,使细胞光合活性降为0.胞内的微囊藻毒素LR随着细胞的破裂释放到溶液中,溶解态的微囊藻毒素-LR质量浓度最高达到2 628.3 μg/L.β-环柠檬醛能对微囊藻细胞引起抑制作用的临界质量浓度为0.1 g/L.     

天童植被演替过程中环境因子对土壤动物群落的影响

天童常绿阔叶林演替过程中,凋落物质量的变化是影响土壤动物群落的主要因子.凋落物层土壤动物群落总密度与凋落物C/N之间存在显著负相关（r=-0.681, P<0.001）,与总磷含量存在显著正相关(r=0.762, P<0.001), 但类群总数与各养分含量之间均无明显相关性;0~15cm土层中土壤动物群落总密度与土壤有机质（r=0.457, P<0.05）、总氮（r=0.463, P<0.05）和总磷（r=0.564, P<0.01）间均存在显著正相关,类群总数与总氮（r=0.528, P<0.01）和总磷(r=0.632, P<0.001)显著正相关.主要土壤动物类群密度与各养分含量之间的相关性不同：凋落物中螨和跳虫与凋落物总氮、总磷含量呈极显著正相关, 而土层中的跳虫却与土壤各养分含量间表现出不明显的负相关,螨与土壤总氮、总磷含量呈显著正相关;膜翅类与凋落物和土壤总磷含量均呈显著正相关;凋落物层综合类、土层线虫、线蚓和鞘翅类分别与凋落物和土壤各养分含量间呈显著正相关.     

微囊藻的昼夜垂直变化及其迁移

研究了浅水富营养湖泊中各理化因子和浮游植物(主要是微囊藻)的昼夜垂直变化,研究结果表明各理化因子均表现出不同程度的昼夜变化.受到光照的影响,在夜间,微囊藻由于呼吸作用消耗细胞内的多糖等物质,其细胞密度下降,微囊藻呈现出向水表层迁移的趋势,而在白天由于光合作用,细胞密度上升,导致微囊藻群体向水下层迁移.本实验还发现小群体的微囊藻在水下层停留的时间更长.同微囊藻所不同的是,其它的藻类并没有明显的垂直分布.     

滇池浮游植物群落结构的时空变化及与环境因子的关系

在滇池外海选取8个样点, 调查分析主要的环境因子和浮游植物群落的季节和年际变化, 并识别其相关关系。在滇池共检测出浮游植物6门49 属84种, 其中绿藻门的种类数最多, 占59.2%, 其次是蓝藻门, 占16.67%, 硅藻门占5.95%; 全年蓝藻门占优势, 春季隐球藻(Aphanocapsa sp.)占优势, 其他季节微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)占绝对优势。研究结果表明: 1) 藻密度和生物量的季节变化不一致, 与藻类组成的季节演替以及不同藻类的生物量大小存在较大差异有关; 2) Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数(H)较小, 季节变化不显著; 3) 藻密度和生物量与TP正相关, 与 NO₃^-和N:P负相关; 而H与TP负相关, 与NO₃^-和N:P正相关; 4) 营养盐是影响浮游植物群落分布的关键因子, 滇池最重要的优势种微囊藻的密度和生物量与pH、NH₄⁺和TP浓度正相关, 与NO₃^-、N:P、TN、DOC和TOC的浓度负相关。推测除环境因子外, 绿藻、硅藻等优势度较小的藻类受其他生物因素的影响较大(如种间竞争和捕食等), 掩盖了环境因子对藻类的真实影响。     

福建省山仔水库蓝藻门微囊藻属时空分布研究

于2011年不同季节对山仔水库水体物理和化学指标、浮游植物和浮游动物进行监测,分析了蓝藻门微囊藻属在水平和垂向空间上的分布规律,探索了微囊藻属生物量与环境因子的相关关系.结果表明,不同季节山仔水库大坝断面微囊藻属细胞丰度在105~107L-1之间变化,夏季水体微囊藻属细胞丰度达到107L-1,浮游植物群落中微囊藻属的比例高达95%以上;冬季水体微囊藻属细胞丰度为105L-1,浮游植物群落中微囊藻属的比例在20%~45%.5-9月,表层水体微囊藻属细胞丰度高于底层水体,秋末到冬季水体表层与底层的微囊藻属细胞丰度相差不大,水温与微囊藻属细胞丰度呈显著正相关,轮虫与微囊藻属细胞丰度呈显著负相关.分析可知,水温分层是影响山仔水库微囊藻属垂向分布的重要因素之一.     

人工介质富集微生物对藻类和藻毒素降解试验研究

采用人工介质富集微生物的方法对藻类和微囊藻毒素的生物降解进行了试验研究.中试结果表明:在水力停留时间6～7 d,源水叶绿素a为15.3～266.1μg/L条件下,人工介质对叶绿素a的去除率达59.4%.运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对微囊藻毒素进行了检测,当进水总微囊藻毒素TMC-RR和TMC-LR分别为0.25～8.93,0.15～4.73μg/L,胞外微囊藻毒素EMC-RR和EMC-LR分别为0.13～0.68,0.02～0.11μg/L时,人工介质对TMC-RR,TMC-LR和EMC-RR,EMC-LR平均去除率分别为69.8%,93.7%,42.2%和68.4%.聚合酶链反应(PCR)电泳图谱发现,人工介质上富集有大量的假单胞菌属和芽孢杆菌属等溶藻细菌.通过人工介质富集微生物的方法可有效降解太湖水体中的藻类和微囊藻毒素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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