PSt／P（BA－BOA）复合乳液性能的研究

以丁氧基甲基丙烯酰胺（ＢＯＡ）为活性单体，采用种子乳液聚合方法制备了ＰＳｔ／Ｐ（ＢＡ－ＢＯＡ）〔聚苯乙烯／聚（丙烯酸丁酯－丁氧基甲基丙烯酰胺）〕核壳型复合乳液．用透射电子显微镜观察了乳液粒子的微观状态，采用粒度分析仪测定了乳液粒子的粒径及其分布，对乳液的流变性能进行了测试．考察了聚合方式、乳化剂用量对乳液性能的影响     

苯乙烯－丙烯酸丁酯－甲基丙烯酸乳液聚合加料方法对粒子形态的影响

用３种不同的加料方法和２种不同的加料顺序，制备了苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）－丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＡ）－甲基丙烯酸（ＭＡＡ）复合聚合物乳液．测定了聚合物乳胶粒子的大小和分布，观测了粒子的形态，测定了羧酸基团在乳胶粒子中的分布及乳液的碱增稠性，还测定了胶膜的溶胀性．探讨了在复合乳化剂下聚合方法－成核机理－粒子微观结构－乳胶性质之间的关系     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯/丙烯酸丁酯微乳液共聚合的研究

在70℃,以过硫酸钾(KPS)和亚硫酸钠氧化还原引发体系作为引发剂,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)进行微乳液共聚合,成功制得了固含量为35％、平均粒径在45nm左右的蓝色半透明微乳液．进一步考察了引发剂及乳化剂用量对微乳液粒子粒径的影响;深入研究了微乳液的粒子形态、粒径大小及其分布和微乳液流变性能．     

功能型阳离子聚合物乳液的性能研究

苯乙烯（ＳＴ）、丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＡ）在无乳化剂条件下,加入少量的阳离子单体Ｎ,Ｎ二甲基Ｎ丁基Ｎ甲基丙烯酰氧乙基溴化铵（ＤＢＭＥＡ）,在引发剂偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐（ＡＩＢＡ）作用下,合成了一系列粒子分散均一、表面干净的功能型阳离子共聚物乳液．深入考察了引发剂浓度、共聚单体浓度、离子强度、ＳＴ／ＢＡ主单体配比对粒径（ＤＷ）、粒子数目（ＮＰ）及表面电荷密度的影响,结果表明：可以通过以上各因素来控制胶乳粒子的粒径、粒子数目和粒子表面电荷密度,通过ＤＳＣ分析了胶膜的结构性能．     

有机硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液聚合的乳化体系研究

研究了三种单体投入方式对有机硅改性丙烯酸酯乳液聚合稳定性及性能的影响.单体转化率、凝胶率及粒径分析结果表明，采取半连续种子乳液聚合方法最有利于硅丙乳液聚合，单体转化率达97％，凝胶率小于0.6％，平均粒径为100nm，且分布较窄．在此基础上进一步研究了复合乳化剂的配比及用量对乳液性能的影响，实验结果表明m(阴离子)/m(非离子)/m(两性)复合乳化剂体系配比为2:1:1且用量为4％时能够获得综合性能较好的乳液，且反应性乳化剂DNS-86可以随其他种类乳化剂一起全部加入反应体系．红外分析及透射电镜观察进一步表明在该最佳乳化剂体系条件下通过单体滴加方式能够获得形态规整、大小基本一致的硅丙乳液．     

聚合条件对苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯甲基丙烯酸乳液聚合粒度分布的影响

为了解聚合条件对多组份共聚乳液粒度分布的影响,采用光散射粒度分布仪研究了丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＡ）苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）甲基丙烯酸（ＭＡＡ）体系在复合乳化剂存在下的乳液聚合行为．探讨了聚合温度、乳化剂配比、乳化剂浓度、单体配比、ＭＡＡ含量等对粒度分布的影响规律．结果表明聚合温度降低和油溶性单体Ｓｔ含量增大均使乳液粒径变大,而乳化剂的配比和浓度对粒度分布的影响较为复杂．     

ASA工程塑料的合成及结构与力学性能的关系

本工作合成出了聚丙烯酸丁酯／苯乙烯－ＣＯ－丙烯腈共聚物（ＡＳＡ）工程塑料，研究了结构与性能的关系。发现可以用种子乳液聚合方法控制橡胶粒子的直径。ＡＳＡ的冲击强度依赖于它的组成和橡胶粒径。最佳橡胶粒径为０．１３５μｍ，最佳基体组成（ＡＮ／Ｓｔ）为２８／７２。     

St－BA－AAA的无皂乳液聚合——粒径及羧基分布

本文研究了苯乙烯－丙烯酸丁酯——甲基丙烯酸无皂乳液共聚合中，甲基丙烯酸用量、水油比和水相ｐＨ值对乳液粒径及其羧基分布的影响。实验结果表明：改变甲基丙烯酸的用量，能有效地改变粒子表面羧基含量；水相ｐＨ值是影响粒径大小的重要因素；采用无皂乳液聚合可获得粒径具有单分散性的Ｓｔ－ＢＡ－ＭＡＡ乳液。     

溶剂热法制备无皂聚苯乙烯纳米胶乳粒子

在密封条件下，运用溶剂热法，用过硫酸钾引发苯乙烯均聚，制备出粒径范围为26nm-45nm的无皂聚苯乙烯胶乳纳米粒子，讨论了引发剂的用量、丙酮与水的体积比对粒子大小及其分散度，聚合反应的转化率的影响，实验结果表明：在一定浓度范围内随着过硫酸钾用量的增加，粒子粒径先减小后增大，分散度先增大后减小；丙酮用量增加，粒子粒径变大，分散度变小，聚合反应的速率减小。     

单分散聚合物微球的合成

研究了苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）在大分子单体（ＭＭ）的存在下于醇水体系中的分散聚合,反应是以马来酸酐引入双键的聚醚多元醇大分子单体为共聚反应型稳定剂,以ＡＩＢＮ为引发剂,十二烷基硫醇为链调节剂的条件下进行。研究了Ｓｔ初始浓度,引发ＡＩＢＮ用量及大分子单体用量对聚合物粒子的粒径和粒径分布的影响,得到了粒径为２．００～２．４０μｍ接近于单分散的聚苯乙烯微球。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to