阵元非均匀高斯白噪声背景下的近场声源定位研究

为解决非均匀高斯白噪声背景下常规近场声源定位算法精度低的问题,提出一种基于噪声协方差矩阵估计的近场声源定位,预白化MUSIC算法,该方法首先从阵列输出数据中估计出噪声协方差矩阵,再利用估计出的噪声协方差矩阵预白化阵列协方差矩阵,从而提高常规算法的估计性能.仿真结果表明,在非均匀高斯白噪声背景下的近场声源定位中,预白化MUSIC算法定位性能高于常规MUSIC和Capon算法的估计性能.     

非均匀阵元噪声条件下的近场声源定位

针对常规定位方法在空间非均匀高斯噪声背景下近场声源定位性能下降的问题,基于平面阵建立了近场声源信号模型,推导了空间非均匀阵元噪声条件下求解声源方位和距离信息的最大似然定位方法,并使用连续空间蚁群优化算法,解决了该最大似然方法在多维参数空间搜索的高运算复杂度问题,通过仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.仿真实验表明,该方法估计精度较高,在低信噪比下方位和距离均方误差都小于常规最大似然方法,并且在高信噪比条件下方位和距离的均方误差都逼近克拉美-罗界.     

非均匀阵元噪声条件下的近场声源定位

针对常规定位方法在空间非均匀高斯噪声背景下近场声源定位性能下降的问题,基于平面阵建立了近场声源信号模型,推导了空间非均匀阵元噪声条件下求解声源方位和距离信息的最大似然定位方法,并使用连续空间蚁群优化算法,解决了该最大似然方法在多维参数空间搜索的高运算复杂度问题,通过仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.仿真实验表明,该方法估计精度较高,在低信噪比下方位和距离均方误差都小于常规最大似然方法,并且在高信噪比条件下方位和距离的均方误差都逼近克拉美-罗界.     

非一致噪声下的多阵列直接定位算法

针对实际无源定位系统中多个阵列分散分布以及单个阵列各阵元之间差异造成的噪声功率分布不均匀导致直接定位(DPD)算法精度下降的问题,提出了一种非一致高斯白噪声场中的多阵列最大似然DPD(UN-ML-DPD)算法,并推导出该条件下的克拉美罗界。首先计算各阵列输出协方差矩阵;再将计算结果传到数据处理中心;然后由数据中心通过迭代的方式同时对目标位置与非一致噪声功率进行最大似然联合估计,以收敛后得到的结果作为目标位置精确估计值,从而减弱了非一致噪声对DPD算法的影响;最后在多目标条件下用交替投影法降低算法复杂度。较之传统算法,UN-ML-DPD算法能够提高多阵列在低信噪比下的定位精度。仿真结果表明:UN-ML-DPD算法在-15dB的低信噪比下估计误差小于15km,与DPD算法相比定位精度提高15%以上;能较为准确地估计各阵列噪声协方差矩阵,在标准噪声功率小于30 W时估计误差小于3.5 W;在高信噪比下定位精度能够逼近克拉美罗下界。     

阵元非均匀高斯噪声背景下近场声源定位方法

针对阵元非均匀高斯噪声背景下的近场声源定位问题,研究了最大似然定位方法,并给出克拉美-罗界(CRB),进而为了解决最大似然方法常规求解方法多维参数空间搜索的高运算复杂度问题,提出了基于对数似然函数的步进迭代方法(SML)和近似似然函数法(AML).仿真实验表明,SML方法经过较少的迭代即可收敛,SML方法和AML方法的估计精度较高,均方误差(MSE)在较高信噪比条件下逼近CRB.     

一种运动目标的相干信号源DOA跟踪方法

针对相干信号源方向时变的情况,分析了样本协方差矩阵的更新,在此基础上提出了一种基于粒子群算法的跟踪方法.该方法直接利用性能优越的最大似然估计器,避免了子空间跟踪类方法需要运用空间平滑等解相干技术对数据协方差矩阵进行的预处理和数据协方差矩阵不断分解的过程,同时通过锁定目标、大幅度缩小搜索的范围和运用群智能搜索有效降低算法的计算量.仿真结果表明,与子空间类算法相比,该方法具备解相干的能力和较好的跟踪精度,并且能够保证算法的实时性.     

基于低秩矩阵近似的鲁棒DOA估计方法

针对非均匀噪声背景下传统非离散化方法在少快拍条件下波达方向（DOA）估计性能恶化的问题, 提出基于原子范数最小化和零化滤波器的非离散化参数估计方法. 该方法利用参数空间连续性构建基于原子集合的阵列信号稀疏表示模型, 将信号协方差矩阵的恢复问题转化为原子${\ell _0}$范数最小化问题. 基于信号协方差矩阵的厄米特托普利兹结构和低秩特性, 将原子${\ell _0}$范数最小化问题转化为实际可解的基于低秩矩阵近似的半定规划问题, 从而恢复信号协方差矩阵. 根据零化滤波理论通过求解零化滤波器系数获取DOA参数估计. 仿真结果表明, 在非均匀噪声和少快拍同时存在条件下, 该方法比现有同类方法具有更高的估计精度和鲁棒性. 在不同最大噪声功率比条件下,本文方法的均方根误差比现有方法平均减小59.4%.      

基于解析振速平滑的声矢量阵相干信号方位估计

为了提高矢量水听器阵列相干信号源方位估计能力,提出了两种基于解析振速的矢量阵平滑算法.两种算法均利用解析振速的特殊形式抑制协方差矩阵的相干项,实现秩的恢复,然后结合修正MUSIC实现目标方位估计.第二种算法充分利用声压,振速通道抑制各向同性噪声能力与白噪声特性,首先构造了一个新的协方差矩阵,然后利用解析振速平滑恢复矩阵秩,理论推导表明这种算法可以大大提高信噪比.仿真证明,新提出的两种算法都可以无空间损耗地完成相干信号的方位估计,相比于传统的矢量阵空间平滑算法有较好的估计精度与分辨率,并且第二种算法由于信噪比的提高,其估计性能更为优越.     

基于完美抽样的最大似然方位估计方法

为了解决最大似然估计计算量大的问题,将马尔可夫蒙特卡罗方法与最大似然方位估计相结合,提出一种基于完美抽样的最大似然方位估计新方法.研究结果表明,该方法不但保持了原最大似然方位估计方法的优越性能,而且大大减小了计算量,把原方法的计算复杂度从O(LK)减少到O(K×J×Np).     

EM-CDKF算法及其SINS初始对准应用

针对非线性捷联惯导系统噪声先验统计信息未知问题,基于中心差分卡尔曼滤波基本算法,采用极大似然准则构造极大期望最速下降梯度算法展开系统未知噪声统计特性在线估计计算研究,构建一类捷联惯导系统初始对准极大期望自适应中心差分最优滤波算法.该算法利用极大似然准则构造系统噪声统计特性对数似然函数,采用极大期望最速下降梯度法把系统噪声统计特性估计转化为对数似然函数期望最大值计算,获得系统过程噪声和观测噪声在线递推估计的自适应极大期望中心差分卡尔曼算法.经过大方位失准角捷联惯导系统初始对准仿真实验,与中心差分卡尔曼滤波基本算法相比,自适应极大期望中心差分卡尔曼算法能够有效解决基本算法在系统噪声先验知识未知情形下的滤波精度下降甚至发散问题,并且能够实现系统噪声统计特性的在线递推估计.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to