基于微卫星标记的中华蜜蜂5个自然群体遗传多样性分析

【目的】分析中国四川阿坝、黄土高原、海南岛、浙闽丘陵、滇南地区等地的中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)自然群体遗传多样性。【方法】提取样品基因组DNA后进行PCR扩增,并用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测。通过计算15对微卫星标记在5个中华蜜蜂自然群体中的等位基因数、多态信息含量、期望杂合度、观测杂合度、遗传距离、遗传相似系数和遗传分化系数,进而评估各中华蜜蜂种群遗传多样性和各种群间遗传分化。【结果】15个微卫星位点共检测到64个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数平均为4.266 7个,单个位点的等位基因数为2～6个。各群体平均等位基因数为2.6～3.066 7个,平均观测杂合度为0.550 3～0.664 3,平均期望杂合度为0.524 4～0.566 7,平均多态信息量为0.410 3～0.492 7。四川阿坝群体与黄土高原、海南岛、浙闽丘陵、滇南地区等地群体在Acc001,Acc096,Acc131等3个位点上存在明显分化;黄土高原群体与海南岛、浙闽丘陵、滇南地区等地群体在Acc114,Acc121,Acc132等3个位点上表现出一定程度的遗传分化;海南岛群体与浙闽丘陵、滇南地区两地群体在Acc001,Acc002,Acc004,Acc131,Acc132等5个位点上均表现出较强的遗传分化;浙闽丘陵与滇南地区群体间在Acc002,Acc121,Acc131等3个位点上遗传分化极明显。5个中华蜜蜂自然群体之间的遗传距离在0.160 1～0.491 0之间。【结论】5个中华蜜蜂群体遗传多样性丰富,群体间遗传分化明显。     

新疆7个绵羊品种MHC区段微卫星遗传多样性的分析

为分析新疆北疆地区主要绵羊品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系,利用SSR Hunter软件寻找5个微卫星标记,采用PCR扩增,1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,对新疆7个品种绵羊群体遗传多样性进行了检测分析,统计了各群体的等位基因组成、平均有效等位基因数和平均基因纯合率,利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度、多态信息含量和群体间的遗传距离。结果显示新疆7个绵羊群体共发现28个等位基因,实验证明在5个微卫星位点的平均多态信息含量为0.5569~0.7335,平均杂合度为0.6208~0.7437,有效等位基因数为2.7118~4.4203,均属于高度多态性位点。聚类分析和主成分分析结果与其起源、育成历史及地理分布基本一致。这5个位点作为与生产性能相关的遗传标记较为理想。     

封闭群比格犬微卫星的筛选及初步应用

摘要:目的 筛选可用于比格犬遗传检测的微卫星位点,并对小型比格犬群体进行了遗传结构分析。 方法 选取来自文献的微卫星位点 120 个,包括比格犬位点 23 个和其他犬类遗传检测的位点 97 个。 用 DNA 池对这些位点进行 PCR 条件优化后,挑选扩增效果优良的位点对常用比格犬群体进行荧光标记 STR 扫描和群体遗传结构分析,依据期望杂合度( He)和香农指数挑选符合要求微卫星位点计算群体遗传参数。 结果 在候选的 120 个位点中共有73 个位点扩增效果优良,STR 扫描后选用 49 个位点进行遗传分析,结果显示该群体有效等位基因数、期望杂合度、平均杂合度、香农指数、多态性信息含量分别为 4. 9230、0. 7574、0. 7375、1. 6625、0. 7038,证明该群体遗传多态信息丰富,群体遗传多样性高。 结论 所选 49 个微卫星位点可用于比格犬遗传检测,这些位点还需用更多群体进行验证和优化。     

黄姑鱼转录组SSR的开发与验证

利用MISA软件对黄姑鱼转录组测序数据进行分析,共检索到微卫星(simple sequence repeats,SSR)位点12 254个,其中单碱基、二碱基、三碱基重复分别约占42.70%、32.11%、23.44%,四碱基、五碱基、六碱基重复仅分别约占1.60%、0.09%、0.06%。随机选出80个二至六碱基重复来设计PCR引物,有38对引物通过扩增可获得目的条带。利用南海海区野生黄姑鱼样本对其中的18个具有多态性的SSR位点进行扩增效果验证和评价,结果显示:18个SSR的平均等位基因数为7.67,平均有效等位基因数为4.571,平均观测杂合度为0.3984,平均期望杂合度为0.7518,平均多态信息含量为0.6799,其中有15个位点表现出高多态性(多态信息含量0.5)。与传统方法相比较,利用转录组测序数据开发微卫星标记更加省时、高效。     

贵州野生矮杨梅遗传多样性研究

采用等位酶电泳技术分析了贵州西部地区野生矮杨梅(Myrica nana Cheval)5种等位酶12个位点上25个等位基因的分化特征。结果表明:群体内多态位点比例平均为0.61,每个位点的平均杂合率为0.26,平均等位基因数为1.78;矮杨梅种内基因多样性的86%产生在居群内,居群间分化的明显效果为14%;对于所有配对组合,居群间的平均遗传距离为0.11,遗传同一性为0.90,说明矮杨梅种内变异很大。     

中国鲎3个地理群体遗传多样性的等位酶分析

应用等位酶技术对漳浦、连江和温州3个地理群体的中国鲎遗传多态性进行分析.实验结果发现：6个酶系统的10个位点中有6个为多态性位点,共获得21个等位基因;大部分位点在3个群体中偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡;在物种水平上,有效等位基因数为1.635,观察杂合度为0.456,期望杂合度为0.306,香侬指数为0.48...     

鳜属3个物种的遗传多样性分析

本研究在实验室已有的转录组结果的基础上,从测序结果中随机选出部分微卫星位点进行多态性研究,并利用其中25个具有多态性的SSR(simple sequence repeat)位点,对3个鳜属物种斑鳜、翘嘴鳜和大眼鳜进行遗传多样性研究,分析其遗传结构和亲缘关系.实验结果显示,在3个野生物种中共检测到324个等位基因;每对引物检测到的等位基因数为3~23个;平均等位基因数为12.96个.其中共有21个位点属高度多态位点,其平均观测杂合度为0.523 4,平均期望杂合度是0.794 4,平均多态信息含量为0.701 0,这表明3个物种在各检测位点中具有较好的多态性.对数据进行F-检测,25个微卫星位点的Fst值为0.040 0~0.634 0,平均Fst值是0.200 0,说明3个鳜属群体间的分化程度存在差异,在部分位点处,分化程度较高.斑鳜和大眼鳜间Nei氏遗传距离最大,为1.773 4;翘嘴鳜和大眼鳜的遗传距离最小,为0.371 4.根据遗传距离进行的UPMEGA法聚类分析显示翘嘴鳜和大眼鳜聚为一支,斑鳜独自为一支.     

思茅松种子园遗传结构及遗传多样性

采用等位酶分析的方法对思茅松种子园内收集的4个思茅松群体进行遗传分析,以此阐述了思茅松种子园的遗传结构和遗传多样性状况。9种酶16个酶位点的遗传分析结果：思茅松种子园的多态位点比例（P）为73.5%;平均每个位点的等位基因数（A）为2.42;平均每个位点的等位基因有效数（Ne）为1.54;期望杂合度（He）为0.295;实际杂合度（H0）为0.181。结果表明思茅松种子园具有较广泛的遗传基因和遗传多样性;思茅松种子园的建立是思茅松遗传改良的有效途径之一。     

藏羚羊5个微卫星标记的多态性分析

藏羚羊是我国青藏高原的特有物种.为分析藏羚羊独特的遗传变异特征和核DNA遗传多样性,以5个微卫星标记对50只藏羚羊的等位基因多态性进行了研究.研究结果表明:5个微卫星标记共检测到92个等位基因,每个标记的平均等位基因数为18.4个(在16~23之间),平均有效等位基因数为11.1;5个微卫星标记的多态信息含量均在0.8573以上,为高度多态标记,其中L03标记的多态信息含量最高,达0.9372;各标记的观测杂合度在0.4898~0.9091之间,期望杂合度在0.8770~0.9504之间,平均期望杂合度为0.8990,属于高度杂合标记,遗传变异丰富.这些筛选出的多态性微卫星标记可应用于藏羚羊遗传多样性、遗传结构分析及遗传图谱的构建等工作.     

舟山附近海域3个大黄鱼养殖群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析

利用8个微卫星多态标记分析舟山附近海域3个大黄鱼养殖群体共90个体的遗传多样性。结果显示,8个微卫星位点共检测到等位基因64个,各位点等位基因数(A)范围为5~10个,观测杂合度(Ho)的平均值为0.9111,期望杂合度(He)的平均值为0.8108,多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.7800,表明所选择的8个微卫星位点均表现出较高的多态性。群体的遗传多样性分析结果显示,3个群体的平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.891 7、0.900 0、0.941 7和0.738 4、0.743 2、0.821 3,Shannon多样性指数分别为1.467 0、1.449 0、1.800 9,表明3个群体的遗传多样性处于较高水平。HardyWeinberg平衡检验发现只有LYC0015和LYC0009位点处于平衡状态(PHW0.05),其余6个位点都不同程度地偏离了平衡。3个群体的聚类分析表明,岱山和朱家尖西岙网箱2个养殖群体亲缘关系较近,而与舟山市水产所耐低温F2代群体亲缘关系较远。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-