维生素E对硫丹染毒小鼠脾细胞因子基因转录的影响

目的 为了探讨维生素E对硫丹染毒ICR小鼠脾细胞因子白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和γ-干扰素（1FN．γ）基因转录的影响,我们设计了该实验。方法将24只ICR小鼠随机分成对照组、硫丹染毒组（染毒组）和染毒同时给予维生素E（VE）组（实验组）,所用硫丹和维生素E的剂量分别是：0mg／（kg·d）和0mg／（kg·d）（对照组）、0．8mg／（kg·d）和0mg／（kg·d）（染毒组）和0．8m∥（kg·d）和100mg／（kg·d）（实验组）。灌胃21d后,取其脾,用Real—Time PCR法检测其脾脏IL-2、IL-6、IFN-1基因转录的变化。结果染毒组小鼠脾细胞因子IL-2和IL-6 mRNA水平与对照组相比明显升高,IFN-γ,mRNA水平虽有升高趋势,但无显著变化。实验组小鼠脾IL·2和IL-6 mRNA水平明显低于染毒组,IFN·-γ mRNA水平虽有降低趋势,但与染毒组相比无显著变化。结论上述结果说明,硫丹能促进小鼠脾脏细胞因子IL-2和IL-6的基因转录,但对IFN-γ基因转录没有显著影响;维生素E能缓解或部分缓解硫丹的作用。     

慢性镉诱导小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬功能活性抑制研究

选用60只健康雌性ICR小鼠，随机分为对照组、低剂量氯化镉组（L-Cd组）、高剂量氯化镉组（H-Cd组），每组20只．对照组每天给予普通全价饲料，L-Cd和H-Cd组分别饲喂含镉2和10mg／kg的全价饲料，连续9周．分别在第3、6、9周观察小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数的变化，并检测血浆TNF-α水平．结果显示，在整个实验期内，L-Cd和H-Cd组腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率明显低于对照组，且随剂最增加和时间的延长而明显下降，而吞噬指数虽较对照组下降但无显著差异；血浆TNF-α水平变化不明显，提示慢性镉染毒诱发小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能低下。     

醇酸色漆挥发物对小鼠呼吸系统的毒性影响

以小鼠为实验材料,应用急性染毒和慢性染毒方法,探讨醇酸色漆挥发物对其呼吸系统的毒性影响.染毒期间及恢复期均定期观察其行为变化,染毒后及恢复后观察其呼吸器官解剖学及组织学变化.结果显示,醇酸色漆对小鼠饮水量、食量、体质量都有较大影响;小鼠气管粘膜层出现脱落、变薄,肺中血管破裂,红细胞渗入肺泡腔内.说明醇酸色漆对小鼠有一定的毒性影响.     

醇酸清漆挥发物对小鼠呼吸系统的影响

运用急性和慢性染毒方法,定期观察染毒期间和染毒后小鼠的行为变化,并观察染毒后呼吸器官的大体解剖和组织学变化.结果显示:与对照组相比,急性组小鼠在饮水量、食量和体质量等方面无显著变化,而慢性组小鼠的饮水量则有显著增加;急性组小鼠的鼻粘膜和气管粘膜受损,上皮细胞坏死脱落,肺泡隔变厚,血管中有部分红细胞渗入到肺泡隔内.慢性组小鼠鼻粘膜和气管出现轻度复层化或纤维化,肺部出现炎症灶.可见,醇酸清漆对小鼠的呼吸系统有一定伤害作用.     

香烟烟雾染毒改良方法的应用

目的 探讨烟雾染毒的改良方法对小鼠存活率的影响。方法 在普通烟雾染毒方法的基础上,改进制作一种可向染毒箱底部通入空气以增加氧气量,并能同时监测温度的染毒装置。将实验对象昆明系小鼠分为对照组(在普通染毒装置中,不染毒),染毒1组(普通染毒方法),染毒2组(改进的染毒方法)进行实验,应用统计软件SPSS20. 0分析比较各组之间小鼠的生存率、染毒装置内氧浓度以及总悬浮颗粒浓度变化。结果 共选取160只昆明系小鼠,并随机分为对照组40只,染毒1组60只,染毒2组60只,均雌雄各半。实验结果发现,染毒2组小鼠的存活率显著高于染毒1组,差异具有统计学意义(x~2=7. 647 P=0. 02<0. 05),染毒1组装置内的氧浓度明显低于染毒2组氧浓度,且染毒2组装置内的氧浓度波动小,差异具有统计学意义(F=5. 260,P=0. 045<0. 05)。染毒1组和染毒2组装置内的TSP浓度差异没有统计学意义,说明改进的烟雾染毒装置不影响毒物的剂量和染毒过程。结论 改良的烟雾染毒装置会使实验动物在非药物因素作用下的死亡率降低,且不影响实验染毒过程。     

灵芝浸液对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

报道了灵芝对Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠产生抗绵羊红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）抗体的能力及对迟发性变态反应（ＤＨＴ）等免疫功能的影响。实验小鼠分为高、中、低剂量组，经胃灌注不同剂量的灵芝浸液，每天灌注１次，连续灌１５ｄ，对照组自由摄水。用ＳＲＢＣ免疫小鼠，免疫后第５ｄ用溶血空斑实验（ＰＦＣ）进行抗体生成细胞检测，以反映Ｂ细胞生成ＩｇＭ抗体的能力；于免疫后第４ｄ用足底增厚法测定ＤＨＴ强度，以检测Ｔ细胞功能；用碳粒廓清实验检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果：高、中剂量组溶血空斑数目明显高于对照组，ｐ＜０．０５；高、中剂量组能明显提高小鼠ＤＨＴ反应程度，ｐ＜０．０５。表明灵芝能提高小鼠Ｔ细胞和Ｂ细胞的功能。碳粒廓清实验用药组与对照组无显著差异。     

甲醛吸入对小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌白细胞介素-2水平的影响

目的研究甲醛吸入对小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌白细胞介素（IL）-2水平的影响。方法选用健康清洁级昆明种小鼠48只．随机分成4组（即阴性对照组．21．42．84mg／m3染毒组）．每组12只．用静式吸入染毒方式染毒12W处死后．测定小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IL-2的水平。结果甲醛吸入染毒组小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IL-2水平均随染毒剂量的升高而呈明显下降趋势（P〈0．05或,P〈0．01）。结论吸入甲醛可导致小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IL-2水平的下降。     

多效唑＋缩节胺对花生生长和茎叶结构的影响

多效唑十缩节胺喷施花生后，抑制花生主茎生长，节间变粗，叶片变短变窄．茎皮层变薄，维管束宽度增加．叶柄变细，维管束长度受到抑制，宽度明显增加，机械组织显著增厚．叶片和主脉增厚，叶肉栅栏组织明显增厚，主脉维管束长度和宽度增加．叶片表皮细胞变小，气孔器长度缩短宽度增加．叶绿体基粒片层数目减少，抑制叶绿体发育．     

CCl_4致肝脏损害的研究

采用四氯化碳（CCl4）对大鼠染毒模型，分别用不同浓度的CCl4，不同的染毒时间致大鼠急性染毒和慢性染毒，以血清甘腿酸（sGG）含量和血清谷丙转氨酶活性（sGPT）测定做为肝脏早期损害指标，用肝脏病理学检查观察肝组织损害程度。实验结果表明，急慢性染毒组sCG含量均明显高于对照组（P＜0．001），增高幅度急性组为2．79倍，慢性染毒组为3．9倍，另外，急性染毒组sCG含量及sGPT活性均明显低于慢性染毒组（P＜0．05），实验证明，CCl4浓度致使大鼠肝脏的损坏程度不如染毒时间长短密切。另经病理学检查证实、肝脏组织的破坏程度与染毒剂量不明显，与染毒时间有密切关系。     

有机磷农药对小鼠生殖细胞毒性作用的实验研究

目的探讨有机磷农药敌百虫（dipterex,Dip）和敌敌畏（DDV）联合染毒对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的毒性作用。方法选择雄性小鼠32只,随机分为4组（3个染毒组和1个对照组）每组8只。染毒组小鼠每天分别给予2、10、50ms／kS剂量Dip和2、10、50mg／kg剂量DDV,经口染毒;对照组给予等容积的生理盐水。每天每只小鼠染毒1次,连续染毒27d。首次染毒后35d处死小鼠,观察精子数量、精子活率、精子畸形率及骨髓细胞微核率的变化。结果Dip、DDV联合染毒中、高剂量组精子数量、精子活率均低于对照组,精子畸形率、骨髓细胞微核率均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义,并呈剂量一反应关系。结论Dip、DDV联合染毒可引起雄性小鼠生殖细胞的遗传损伤,导致生殖毒性效廊．并具有致突变作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-