造孔粒子形貌对磷酸钙骨水泥支架材料结构与性能的影响

采用可溶粒子造孔法,结合冷等静压成型技术,分别以立方体的氯化钠晶体和短棒状的谷氨酸钠晶体为造孔粒子制备出具有较高孔隙率和良好抗压强度的磷酸钙骨水泥组织工程支架材料,通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析及力学性能测试,研究了所制备的支架材料的物相组成及颗粒形貌对支架材料显微结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:两种造孔粒子制得的支架材料的主晶相均是弱结晶的羟基磷灰石;造孔粒子的形貌决定了所制备的支架的孔隙形貌,并影响支架的孔隙率和力学性能;在造孔粒子加入量相同的情况下,谷氨酸钠晶体作为造孔粒子制备的支架的孔隙率更高,但强度更低;由于在制备过程中引入了等静压处理,支架材料具有良好的强度.     

改进溶剂浇铸/粒子沥滤法制备聚ε-己内酯组织工程支架

对经典的溶剂浇铸／粒子沥滤法进行适当改进，结合致孔剂直接黏结工艺制备三维多孔聚ε-己内酯（PCL）组织工程支架材料.以氯化钠为致孔剂，利用预成型-真空浇铸-脱溶荆工艺制得支架材料．对支架的微结构、孔径、孔隙率和亲水性等性能进行表征．结果表明，黏结工艺中加入水量在2％～8％时都可形成均匀多孔黏结结构，且支架孔隙率几乎不变；支架孔径基本分布在10～80μm；孔隙率可达（89±1）％；采用抽真空与加热相结合的脱溶荆工艺可以提高孔隙率．制得的PCL支架厚度2〉5mm且为三维高孔隙率海绵体结构，可适用于软组织工程的修复．     

聚乳酸多孔支架的制备研究

分别采用粒子滤出法和冷冻干燥粒子滤出复合法制备了聚乳酸多孔支架.在粒子滤出法中,采用氯化钠和碳酸氢铵作为造孔剂制备多孔支架;在冷冻干燥法中,采用碳酸氢铵和冰颗粒作为造孔剂制备多孔支架.实验结果表明:采用氯化钠或碳酸氢铵做造孔剂,生成的多孔支架有造孔剂残留;采用冰颗粒造孔则无残留.研究认为,采取适当的工艺措施,加速造孔剂向环境的传质过程,是降低支架中造孔剂残留的有效途径,并提出了在实际中可采取的改进措施,包括选用易于滤出的材料、提高氯仿和造孔剂含量、提高温度和真空度、采用特殊气氛、提高过滤溶液的流动性.     

CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料降解性能研究

采用溶媒浇铸/粒子滤取技术与气体发泡相结合的方法制备出CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料,测试了该支架复合材料的物理力学性能和降解性能.研究结果表明,CPP/PLLA软骨组织工程支架复合材料具有适宜的孔隙率,良好的降解性能和物理力学性能,以及三维连通、微孔、网状微观结构.因此,该复合材料有望成为软骨组织工程支架材料之一.     

溶剂浇铸-粒子沥滤法制备PBS/PCL组织工程支架

选用聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)/聚ε-已内酯(PCL)共混材料作为组织工程支架材料基质,氯化钠和葡萄糖颗粒作为致孔剂,在传统的溶刺浇铸-粒子沥滤法的基础上,通过调节PBS/PCL的质量分数制得了不同尺寸且孔径、孔隙率满足组织工程支架要求的PBS/PCL多孔支架.对多孔支架的微结构、孔径、孔形态和素水性进行了表征,研究了PBS/PCL的质量分数、致孔剂粒径对支架成型及孔隙率的影响.结果表明,PBS/PCL的质量分教对支架成型影响较大,过低或过高的质量分数都会导致支架成型性差,质量分数在6%～10%时支架成型较好.利用质量分数为8%的PBS/PCL溶液可以制备形状复杂的多孔支架.所制支架内部孔洞分布均匀,贯通性好,孔径可由致孔剂的粒径来调控,支架孔隙率为86%～93%.支架亲水性良好,吸水率随孔隙率的增大而上升.     

多巴胺改性PCL纤维增强掺锶磷酸钙骨水泥的制备与表征

在掺锶磷酸钙骨水泥的基础上,利用多巴胺改性PCL纤维和未改性PCL纤维对其进行增强并表征。制备掺锶磷酸钙骨水泥样条,用多巴胺改性PCL纤维和未改性PCL纤维增强,制得骨水泥样条,对样条的凝固时间和力学性能等特征参数进行测定。结果显示,多巴胺改性纤维增强的骨水泥凝固时间更短,力学强度更高,在一定条件下改善了传统磷酸钙骨水泥的缺点。     

CPP/α-TCP骨水泥复合材料研究

自固化磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)作为一种新型人工骨替代材料，以其良好的生物相容性、骨传导性和可任意塑形，可广泛用于临床骨缺损修复．但其强度低、脆性大，不能用于负重部位，使其应用受到限制．本文利用纤维增强机理，用CPP／α-TCP骨水泥为基体材料，具有良好生物相容性的聚磷酸钙纤维(CPP)为增强材料制备出了CPP／α-TCP骨水泥复合材料．实验结果表明，CPP纤维在一定程度上可对骨水泥起到增强作用．SEM显示两者结合程度适中，在Ringer溶液中浸泡两个月后，纤维未发生明显降解作用，仍具有一定的增韧效果．     

基于挤出沉积成形技术的多孔生物支架制备

利用精密挤出沉积自由成形技术制备骨组织工程用羟基磷灰石多孔生物支架,探讨工艺参数对支架孔洞成形的影响,评价支架的力学性能并分析影响强度的微观因素.结果表明：通过调整工艺参数,采用挤出沉积工艺可制备出具有可控结构、良好连通性的生物支架;支架具有良好的力学性能,经过微波烧结处理后,孔隙率为56.2%的支架平均抗压强度为45.2MPa,致密化程度与晶粒尺寸是影响支架强度的主要微观因素.同时,该结构的支架能够为细胞的分化与新生组织的生长提供持续的强度支持,满足组织工程支架结构与力学性能要求.     

新型明胶-无定形磷酸钙3D打印骨修复材料的制备

首先采用共沉淀法制备明胶改性的无定形磷酸钙(ACP)粉末材料,再以纯水作为粘接溶液,通过3D打印机制造骨移植修复材料,并应用红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪以及扫描电子电镜进行表征. 对于明胶稳定无定形磷酸钙化学结构的相关作用机制给出了初步的解释,重点考察了明胶添加量对打印骨成品的微观形貌、抗压强度以及孔隙率的影响规律,确定了明胶最佳用量为0.15%(质量分数),此时打印骨成品的抗压强度高达31.7 MPa,孔隙率为30.2%,表明打印骨成品在力学性能和骨传导性之间取得了平衡,可被广泛应用于骨修复临床应用.     

可降解聚醚酯弹性体PTCG的合成及初步生物学评价

用熔融缩聚法合成聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯-co-聚对苯二甲酸环己烷二甲醇酯-b-聚乙二醇(PTCG)聚醚酯弹性体.按照ISO 10993标准,采用L929小鼠成纤细胞对其进行体外细胞毒性测试;以狗的血管平滑肌细胞 (SMCs)为模板细胞,测试细胞在材料表面的贴附性能.采用旋转成型/粒子洗出法制备三维血管支架,接种SMCs后在生物反应器上进行动态培养,探索PTCG作为组织工程血管支架材料的可行性.结果表明,合成的PTCG聚醚酯弹性体无细胞毒性;SMCs在PTCG薄膜表面贴附生长良好;所制备支架的孔径、孔隙率和力学性能等满足组织工程血管支架的要求;体外培养3 d后,大量SMCs长入血管支架并开始分化.     

Fabrication and characterization of a PAM modified PHBV/BG scaffold

In order to improve the bioactivity and mechanical strength of the scaffold used in bone repair simultaneously, a novel porous PAM-poly （β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate） （PHBV）/bioactive glass （BG） scaffold was prepared by photo-initiated polymerization. PAM was used to improve the hydrophilicity of PHBV matrix while the BG particles were added to increase the bioactivity and strength of the matrix synchronously. The grafted amide group and Si-O moieties from acrylamide and the added BG were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry （FTIR）. The micromorphology of the scaffolds before and after grafting was observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The resulting images demonstrate that the PAM-PHBV/BG scaffold has a well connected pore structure and appropriate pore size which may be convenient for cells to grow and discharge metabolites. The specific gravity method was used to evaluate the pore property of the scaffold and the result shows that the scaffold has an average porosity up to 82.0%. Mercury intrusion porosimetry （MIP） indicated that the pores of PAM-PHBV/BG scaffold were mainly distributed between 75 and 150 μm. The compressive strength test was adopted to evaluate the mechanical property of the scaffold. The result shows that the PAM-PHBV/BG scaffold has a relatively high compressive strength （0.91 MPa） when compared with the pure PHBV scaffold. Besides, the properties of the pure PHBV scaffold, PHBV/BG scaffold were also evaluated. The newly prepared PAM-PHBV/BG scaffold may be worthy of further studying as a bone repair material.     

热等静压技术在镍基单晶高温合金中的应用研究进展

 通过总结目前热等静压对镍基单晶高温的应用研究进展，阐释了热等静压对镍基单晶高温合金中的疏松等孔洞类缺陷的消除作用，分析了孔洞的愈合机理，并分别展示了应用热等静压后合金的拉伸、持久、疲劳等力学性能变化情况，同时介绍了热等静压对已服役制件组织力学性能恢复处理的研究进展、计算模拟在指导热等静压工艺研究中的作用，展望了中国热等静压技术的未来发展。     

Preparation of PLGA-collagen hybrid scaffolds with controlled pore structures for cartilage tissue engineering

Scaffolds used for cartilage tissue engineering should have high mechanical strength and well-controlled pore structure to provide suitable microenvironments for functional tissue regeneration. In this study, hybrid scaffolds which had open and interconnected pore structure and high mechanical property were prepared by hybridization of PLGA mesh and collagen using ice particulates as porogen templates. Embossing ice particulates template was used to form open pore structures on the scaffold surfaces. Free ice particulates were used to generate interconnected bulk pores in the scaffolds. Hybridization with PLGA mesh provided the scaffolds with high mechanical property. Bovine articular chondrocytes were cultured in the hybrid scaffolds. The unique pore structures facilitated the homogeneous distribution of chondrocytes and cartilaginous matrices throughout the scaffolds. Subcutaneous implantation demonstrated cartilage-like tissue regeneration. The hybrid scaffolds should have a high potential for cartilage tissue engineering.     

3D打印制备HA/PCL复合材料组织工程支架的研究

应用熔融沉积成型技术（FDM）制备羟基磷灰石（HA）/聚己内酯（PCL）组织工程支架,探讨其内部结构和力学性能。以羟基磷灰石和聚己内酯为原料,采用熔融共混技术分别制备HA质量分数为20%的nano-HA/PCL和micro-HA/PCL复合材料,使用自主研发的熔体微分FDM 3D打印机制备HA/PCL复合材料组织工程支架。通过显微镜观察发现,所制备的nano-HA/PCL和micro-HA/PCL组织工程支架具有均匀分布且相互连通的近似矩形的孔隙。nano-HA/PCL和micro-HA/PCL组织工程支架的断面图分析结果表明,nano-HA/PCL组织工程支架中HA粒子分布均匀,而micro-HA/PCL组织工程支架中HA粒子发生了团聚,导致nano-HA/PCL组织工程支架的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均高于micro-HA/PCL组织工程支架。因此,利用熔体微分FDM 3D打印机打印生物活性nano-HA/PCL复合材料组织工程支架在骨组织工程中具有潜在的应用前景。     

重结晶碳化硅制品等静压成型研究

传统的重结晶碳化硅制品成型方式,以干压成型、注浆成型、可塑成型为主,研究了重结晶碳化硅制品的等静压成型工艺。等静压成型重结晶制品,是将重结晶碳化硅制品的原料:50~200μm的碳化硅粒度砂和5~20μm的碳化硅微粉按一定比例,加上粘结性较强的水溶性纤维素和聚乙烯醇,加入成型模具,利用等静压机成型出密度高、强度大的重结晶碳化硅制品素坯。通过实验、测试分析、结果讨论,研究了成型压力、保压时间以及粘结剂含量对碳化硅制品素坯密度、强度和素坯和成品的微观结构的影响。通过扫描电镜分析:等静压成型的重结晶碳化硅制品的素坯和烧成品,致密度高,坯体中很少有气孔。研究结果还表明:随着成型压力增大,密度也不断增大,最佳成型压力为200 MPa;保压时间的长短,对素坯密度、强度也有影响,最佳保压时间为160 s,实验选用粘结剂最佳含量为2%.与传统成型方法相比,冷等静压成型所得的素坯和成品强度大、密度高、坯体均匀。     

激发剂在尾矿固化中的应用研究

以采用工业粉状废物为主要原料配制的无水泥固结剂对细粒铁尾矿膏体进行固化处理,以三乙醇胺、氯化钙、水玻璃为激发剂来提高固结剂的活性,重点研究这3种激发剂在单掺或复掺时对固结体抗压强度的影响。结果表明,激发剂单掺时,水玻璃的激发效果要明显优于三乙醇胺和氯化钙,水玻璃掺量为0.75%时,其激发效果最好,固结体7d抗压强度比不掺激发剂时提高了29%;水玻璃与三乙醇胺复掺时的激发效果最优,当水玻璃掺量为0.75%、三乙醇胺掺量为0.035%时,固结体7d抗压强度达到1.4MPa,比单掺水玻璃时提高了16%。     

Incorporation of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles into Poly( L-lactic acid ) Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Controlled release of the functional factors is the key to improve clinical therapeutic efficacy during the tissue repair and regeneration.The three-dimensional(3D)scaffold can provide not only physical properties such as high strength and porosity but also an optimal environment to enhance tissue regeneration.Sphingosine1-phosphate(S1P),an angiogenic factor,was loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)and then incorporated into poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA)nanofibrous scaffold,which was fabricated by thermally induced phase separation(TIPS)method.The prepared scaffolds were examined by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and compressive mechanical test.The ATR-FTIR result demonstrated the existence of MSNs in the PLLA nanofibrous scaffold.The SEM images showed that PLLA scaffold had regular pore channel,interconnected pores and nanofibrous structure.The addition of MSNs at appropriate content had no visible effect on the structure of scaffold.The compressive modulus of scaffold containing MSNs was higher than that of the scaffold without MSNs.Furthermore,fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)was used as model molecule to investigate the release behavior of S1P from MSNsincorporated PLLA(MSNs/PLLA)nanofibrous scaffold.The result showed that the composite scaffold largely reduced the initial burst release and exhibited prolonged release of FITC than MSNs.Thus,these results indicated that S1P-loaded composite nanofibrous scaffold has potential applications for bone tissue engineering.     

碳纤维增强水泥复合材料的制备及性能

利用水热热压技术制备了碳纤维增强水泥复合材料，测定了材料的弯曲、压缩、劈裂拉伸、断裂韧性等力学性能，讨论了材料制备的工艺条件、显微结构等对材料力学性能的影响．实验表明，水热热压和纤维增强是改善混凝土一类脆性材料强韧性的有效手段