镍基单晶高温合金表面再结晶控制技术的研究进展

针对镍基单晶高温合金构件的表面再结晶控制技术,结合国内外相关工作的研究状况,从单晶高温合金构件表面再结晶的形成机理、再结晶的表面效应、基于再结晶预防的构件设计、单晶构件热成型过程和冷加工过程再结晶控制技术等几方面,对镍基单晶高温合金构件的表面再结晶控制技术领域取得的研究成果进行总结和分析。重点论述了各国单晶再结晶控制技术,提出中国镍基单晶高温合金构件的表面再结晶控制技术存在的差距及未来研究重点。     

热等静压处理对K17合金持久性能和瞬时性能的影响

本文研究了热等静压(HIP)处理对K17合金的持久性能和瞬时性能的影响。实验结果表明,热等静压处理后,K17合金的瞬时性能比铸态时有所提高,持久寿命比铸态时显著提高。热等静压处理是改善铸造镍基高温合金性能的一项有力措施。     

一种镍基单晶高温合金的反相热机械疲劳行为

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜等方法研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金在600~900℃的反相位热机械疲劳行为,旨在探讨单晶合金的热疲劳变形及断裂机制,丰富单晶合金热机械疲劳理论。试验结果表明：当应变幅由0.6%增大至0.9%时,热机械疲劳寿命下降,塑性应变量和应力范围增大。合金的循环应力响应曲线在低温半周表现为循环硬化行为,而在高温半周则表现为循环软化行为。合金主要的变形特征是局部区域滑移带的运动。热机械疲劳裂纹起始于试样表面应力集中处,并沿着滑移带在{111}面向合金内部扩展,拉应力对合金的断裂起到了主导作用。     

微观孔洞演化的分子动力学研究进展

先进金属材料如镍基单晶高温合金、特种钢材、钛合金、铝合金、3D打印多晶金属中普遍存在微孔洞。由于微孔洞演化和损伤机理性认识缺乏,微孔洞对材料性能影响尚未得到统一认识,关键在于实验手段难以获知应力、应变、能量等物理场。分子动力学模拟可以提供直观的原子运动信息,通常用来研究微孔洞演化对材料性能影响,为先进材料设计和性能调控提供理论依据。通过分子动力学计算得到的能量、应力、应变等,可以为更大尺度计算提供微孔洞演化物理本质。本文针对分子动力学模拟在微孔洞及其演化对材料性能影响的应用,从国内外研究现状出发,总结了当下热点和关键结论,分析了分子动力学应用存在的问题,对未来的发展趋势做出了展望。     

镍基单晶高温合金微尺度磨削温度仿真

针对镍基单晶高温合金具有较强各向异性以及镍基单晶高温合金微尺度磨削温度场研究较少的情况,建立了基于Hill模型的三维磨削温度仿真模型,并采用任意拉格朗日－欧拉法(ALE),实现单晶材料微磨削过程有限元温度仿真,分析微磨削过程中的温度场分布及其变化情况,研究了不同磨削深度、磨削速度以及不同晶面(100),(110)和(111)对微磨削温度的影响规律.结果显示:微磨削高温区发生在磨粒前表面与工件接触的半椭圆形区域,即第Ⅱ温度区;磨削区域温度随着磨削深度增加而增加,随着主轴转速增加而增加;在镍基单晶高温合金不同晶面内微磨削时,(111)晶面温度最高,(110)晶面次之,(100)面微磨削温度最小.     

CMSX－3镍基单晶高温合金的蠕变－疲劳行为

对镍基单晶高温合金ＣＭＳＸ－３在９００℃、较高应力幅下进行蠕变－疲劳交互作用试验。结果表明，循环蠕变的保持时间显著地影响材料的断裂寿命和断裂应变；应变量与总保持时间有对应关系。可用γ强化的单晶高温合金蠕变－疲劳交互作用机制对此作出解释。     

碳氮化钛基金属陶瓷的热等静压处理工艺探讨

采用真空烧结-热等静压处理工艺制备碳氮化钛基金属陶瓷,考察不同热等静压处理温度和时间对材料力学性能及结构的影响.结果表明:热等静压处理可有效消除材料内部孔洞,细化组织;合理的处理温度和时间为1 550℃,30 min;与真空烧结相比,材料的抗弯强度,硬度和致密度均分别提高了22.9%,1.0%和1.2%.     

单晶镍基高温合金微铣削力试验

以单晶镍基高温合金DD98为研究对象,从单晶高温合金微观组织分析材料去除机理,得出DD98滑移面为密排面{111},滑移向为密排方向110,克服阻力最小,最易滑移.采用双刃微铣刀对单晶镍基高温合金DD98进行正交试验,通过极差分析比较获得切削参数对微铣削力的影响程度.结果表明,主轴转速的影响最大,进给速度其次,铣削深度最小.通过优化获得理想的切削参数为:主轴转速36 000 r/min,铣削深度5μm,进给速度20μm/s,此时微铣削力最小.并对其原因进行深入分析,为单晶高温合金的微加工理论的机理揭示提供理论参考和试验依据.     

新型TiC钢结硬质合金致密化技术

采用行星式球磨机对Fe-3.0Cr-3.0Mo-0.5Cu.0.5C-33TiC新型钢结硬质合金混合粉末进行高能球磨,对烧结后的合金进行热等静压和锻造处理,研究球磨时间、热等静压及锻造工艺对合金组织、性能及孔隙度的影响.研究结果表明:高能球磨使粉末细化和成分均匀化,促进烧结进程,随球磨时间的延长,合金组织细化且致密;热等静压和锻造工艺可进一步减小和消除合金中烧结后残留的孔洞等缺陷;锻造作为最后工艺,可使TiC颗粒之间的连接破碎,促使硬质相颗粒弥散分布,从而改善烧结组织,提高合金的致密性及力学性能.     

镍基高温合金单晶的生长和氧化行为

采用改进型坩埚下降法生长了镍基高温合金单晶,使用氧化铝坩埚和〈001〉方向的籽晶,生长得到直径为30～40 mm、长度260 mm的晶棒。采用异型氧化铝坩埚,生长出特殊形状且中空的高温合金单晶涡轮机叶片构件。腐蚀显示所生长的晶体具有典型的镍基高温合金单晶形貌,在枝晶区域有少量的γ′/γ共晶,枝晶的平均间距是367μm,γ′相是立方结构且分布均匀。研究了晶体在900和1 000℃氧化200 h的氧化行为,氧化120 h后其增重达到一个恒定值。     

镍基单晶高温合金蠕变机制研究进展

 叶片在服役过程中主要承受〈001〉轴向的离心载荷，由离心应力导致的蠕变损伤是叶片的主要失效机制之一。基于单晶叶片的典型服役条件，总结了国内外关于高温低应力和中温高应力蠕变变形损伤机制的研究现状，指出深入开展含典型缺陷单晶高温合金蠕变行为、氧化和热腐蚀对单晶合金蠕变-疲劳变形损伤机制影响研究十分必要。     

工艺条件对钛酸铝陶瓷性能的影响

借助不同的工艺条件、热力学自由焓计算,X衍射、透射电镜、热膨胀系数和抗弯强度测试,研究了烧结温度、成型方法、烧结工艺和气氛对钛酸铝陶瓷性能的影响。结果表明等静压成型、热压烧结和元素硅的采用改善了钛酸铝陶瓷热膨胀系数和力学强度间的综合性能。通过比较纯钛酸铝陶瓷与含10％A3S2钛酸铝陶瓷热膨胀曲线的变化趋势,解释了它们在高温下及热震后力学性能变化趋势不同的原因。     

基于热等静压技术的航空类铸造零件研究

通过分析国际上热等静压技术的在粉末冶金盘、熔模铸造与铸造叶片的固相连接应用的基础上,对国内采用热等静压技术铸遣高温合金．钛合金,铝合金,球墨铸铁的生产和实验进行了详尽描述。阐明,热等静压技术对消除铸件缺陷,细化和均匀组织,提高铸件性能方面具有普遍的效果。     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of composites produced by recycling metal chips

In this study, the processing and mechanical properties of porous metal matrix composites (MMCs) composed of spheroidal cast iron chips (GGG40) and bronze chips (CuSn10) and formed by hot isostatic pressing were investigated. Bronze chips (CuSn10) were used as a matrix component, and spheroidal cast iron (GGG40) chips were used as a reinforcement component. The MMCs were produced with different CuSn10 contents (90wt%, 80wt%, 70wt%, and 60wt%). The hot isostatic pressing process was performed under three different pressures and temperatures. The produced MMCs were characterized using density tests, Brinell hardness tests, and compression tests. In addition, the consolidation mechanism was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The test results were compared with those for bulk CuSn10 and bulk GGG40. Mechanical tests results revealed that the metallic chips can be recycled by using hot pressing and that the mechanical properties of the produced MMCs were similar to those of bulk CuSn10. XRD and microscopy studies showed that no intermetallic compounds formed between the metallic chips. The results showed that the CuSn10 and GGG40 chips were consolidated by mechanical interlocking.     

激光选区熔化技术在钴基高温合金制备中的应用进展

 钴基高温合金是一种具有较高强度以及良好的耐热腐蚀性能的材料，在生物医疗、航空航天等领域有着广泛的应用。近年来以激光选区熔化技术（selective laser melting，SLM）为代表的增材制造技术快速发展。介绍了SLM技术在钴基高温合金制备中的应用，综述了在SLM过程中不同工艺参数对样品致密度、粗糙度等力学性能的影响，探讨了成形样品是否需要后处理以及后处理所带来的影响等。     

EBM成型TC4钛合金研究进展

电子束熔化成型技术（electron beam melting,EBM）是3D打印的代表性技术之一,特别适合传统工艺不易加工的Ti-6Al-4V合金（TC4钛合金）的快速成型,目前在航空航天、化工、生物医疗等领域展示出巨大的应用前景。从EBM的原理出发,综述了EBM制备TC4钛合金的显微组织、缺陷以及力学性能。分析了受成型工艺参数和成型件位置等因素影响的冷却速度的变化所导致的TC4钛合金的显微组织发生变化;并指出了导致TC4钛合金出现缺陷的主要原因。EBM成型TC4钛合金的拉伸性能已与锻造TC4钛合金相当,其较低的疲劳强度可以通过热等静压处理提高。     

Alloying effects of refractory elements in the dislocation of Ni-based single crystal superalloys

The alloying effects of W, Cr and Re in the [100] (010) edge dislocation cores (EDC) of Ni-based single crystal superalloys are investigated using first-principles based on the density functional theory (DFT). The binding energy, Mulliken orbital population, density of states, charge density and radial distribution functions are discussed, respectively. It is clearly demonstrated that the addition of refractory elements improves the stability of the EDC systems. In addition, they can form tougher bonds with their nearest neighbour (NN) Ni atoms, which enhance the mechanical properties of the Ni-based single crystal superalloys. Through comparative analysis, Cr-doped system has lower binding energy, and Cr atom has evident effect to improve the systemic stability. However, Re atom has the stronger alloying effect in Ni-based single crystal superalloys, much more effectively hindering dislocation motion than W and Cr atoms.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel-based superalloy fabric-ated by laser powder-bed fusion using recycled powders

Evaluating the recyclability of powders in additive manufacturing has been a long-term challenge. In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of a nickel-based superalloy fabricated by laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) using recycled powders were investig-ated. Re-melted powder surfaces, satellite particles, and deformed powders were found in the recycled powders, combined with a high-oxygen-content surface layer. The increasing oxygen content led to the formation of high-density oxide inclusions;moreover, printing-induced cracks widely occurred and mainly formed along the grain boundaries in the as-built LPBF nickel-based superalloys fabricated using recycled powders. A little change in the Si or Mn content did not increase the hot cracking susceptibility (HCS) of the printed parts. The changing as-pect ratio and the surface damage of the recycled powders might contribute to increasing the crack density. Moreover, the configuration of cracks in the as-built parts led to anisotropic mechanical properties, mainly resulting in extremely low ductility vertical to the building direc-tion, and the cracks mainly propagated along the cellular boundary owing to the existence of a brittle precipitation phase.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel-based superalloy fabricated by laser powder-bed fusion using recycled powders

Evaluating the recyclability of powders in additive manufacturing has been a long-term challenge. In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of a nickel-based superalloy fabricated by laser powder-bed fusion(LPBF) using recycled powders were investigated. Re-melted powder surfaces, satellite particles, and deformed powders were found in the recycled powders, combined with a high-oxygencontent surface layer. The increasing oxygen content led to the formation of high-density oxide inclusions; moreover, printing-induced cracks widely occurred and mainly formed along the grain boundaries in the as-built LPBF nickel-based superalloys fabricated using recycled powders. A little change in the Si or Mn content did not increase the hot cracking susceptibility(HCS) of the printed parts. The changing aspect ratio and the surface damage of the recycled powders might contribute to increasing the crack density. Moreover, the configuration of cracks in the as-built parts led to anisotropic mechanical properties, mainly resulting in extremely low ductility vertical to the building direction, and the cracks mainly propagated along the cellular boundary owing to the existence of a brittle precipitation phase.