NH_4HCO_3作沉淀剂制备超细Ce-Zr-O粉末的研究

为寻求简便、合理的合成超细粉体的方法,利用NH4HCO3 作沉淀剂,通过考察料液配比、加料速度、升温速度等实验因素,得到了简单的合成超细 Ce Zr O粉末的工艺,并利用比表面积测定仪、激光粒度仪、XRD、Raman等仪器对相关产物进行了表征.结果表明:利用简单工艺合成的超细 Ce Zr O粉末具有中位粒径为0.30μm、比表面积为21.2 m2/g、悬浮性大于30 min、松装密度小于 1 g/cm3等性能,产物具有 CaF2 型的空间结构.     

复合固体酸SO_4~(2-)/Fe_2O_3-SnO_2催化合成乙酸乙酯

合成了固体酸催化剂 SO2 -4/Fe2 O3- Sn O2 ,考察了该催化剂在乙酸乙酯合成中的催化活性 ,并与 SO2 -4/Zr O2 、浓 H2 SO4 催化剂进行了比较 ,同时对酯化反应的影响因素诸如催化剂的制备、用量及反应时间等进行了研究     

高酸性ZrMCM-41分子筛的合成和表征

以硅酸钠为硅源、以硝酸氧锆为锆源 ,在接近中性的条件下合成出了Si/Zr比 2 0～∞的 ,具有高比表面和良好晶体性的含锆MCM - 41分子筛 .锆的引入使分子筛的B酸和L酸线性增加 .至少有大约三分之一的锆原子以 [(≡Si-O) 3Zr=O]-的形式处在表面或接近表面 ,在合成样品中它由钠离子补偿 ,经氢离子交换转变成酸性中心 .     

Zr-MCM-41的合成及其在苯酚叔丁基化反应中催化性能

采用水热法合成出不同硅锆摩尔比的Zr - MCM - 41介孔分子筛,采用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、TEM等方法进行表征.将Zr - MCM -41介孔分子筛用H2SO4溶液修饰得到SO2-/Zr - MCM -41,结果表明:合成的样品具有典型的MCM -41六方介孔结构,随着硅锆摩尔比的减小,样品比表面积和孔体积减小,硅锆摩尔比为5时,介孔骨架趋向混乱,MCM - 41介孔结构难以生成;SO24-/Zr - MCM - 41对苯酚与叔丁醇的烷基化反应有较高的催化活性,随反应温度升高,对4-TBP的选择性增加,而对2,4 - DTBP的选择性降低.叔丁醇与苯酚摩尔比为2、空速为2h-1、反应时间为2h、反应温度为140℃时,苯酚转化率达到82.9％.     

Zn-ZrO_2/H-ZSM-5双功能催化剂上合成气转化制汽油馏分的研究

针对合成气直接转化制汽油馏分反应,合成了Zn-ZrO_2金属氧化物与沸石分子筛复合的双功能催化剂,结果显示Zn-ZrO_2/H-ZSM-5具有较高的CO转化率和汽油馏分选择性。考察了反应温度和接触时间对Zn-ZrO_2和Zn-ZrO_2/H-ZSM-5双功能催化剂的影响,证实了合成气经甲醇/二甲醚中间体制汽油馏分的反应路径。研究了Zn/Zr摩尔比、H-ZSM-5分子筛的Si/Al比对催化性能的影响,结果表明Zn/Zr摩尔比为1∶32、Si/Al为200时可获得了较好的转化率(52%)和汽油馏分选择性(62%),且催化剂经100h测试稳定性良好。     

Ti_3AC_2/Zr(A=Si,Al)范德华异质结材料的几何结构、电子结构和弹性性质的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理方法,系统地研究了Ti_3AC_2/Zr(A=Si,Al)范德华异质结材料的电子结构和弹性性质.根据能带结构,电子态密度和Mulliken布局分布情况,分析了Ti_3AC_2/Zr(A=Si,Al)的电子性质和价键性质.采用广义梯度近似(GGA)计算方法,计算分析了Ti3SiC2/Zr和Ti3AlC2/Zr两种异质结材料的弹性性质和力学稳定性.研究结果表明,Ti3SiC2/Zr和Ti3AlC2/Zr具有较大的各向异性和较好的力学稳定性.且在相同应力的作用下,Ti_3AC_2/Zr(A=Si,Al)范德华异质结材料的形变小于MAX相材料Ti_3AC_2(A=Si,Al)的形变,但大于Zr金属的形变.     

添加合金元素Cu和Mn对锆合金中第二相的影响

以Zr-4为母合金,分别添加电解纯铜或电解金属锰,用非自耗真空电弧炉熔炼了成分不同的6种锆合金.用透射电子显微镜观察了合金中第二相的形貌,用EDS分析了第二相的成分,用SAD确定了第二相的晶体结构.添加Cu元素的合金中有3种第二相：Zr(Fe,Cr)₂粒子、Zr(Fe,Cr,Cu)₂粒子和含少量Fe或不含Fe的Zr-2Cu粒子;添加Mn元素的合金中只有1种Zr(Fe,Cr,Mn)₂第二相,且随着合金中Mn的质量分数从0.07%增加到0.35％,Zr(Fe,Cr,Mn)₂粒子中Mn元素的质量分数也升高.     

第一性原理研究氧化物Ba(Zr,Ti)O_3的铁电性

Ba(Zr,Ti)O_3是一种无铅弛豫铁电氧化物.运用第一性原理方法研究了纯BaTiO3和Ba(Zr,Ti)O_3的铁电极化值.在2×2×2的超胞中构造了BaZr0.5Ti0.5O3和BaZr0.25Ti0.75O3的原子结构.半掺杂情况下铁电属性的差异主要来源于Ti和Zr离子结构的分布,对Ba(Zr,Ti)O_3的弛豫性给出了合理的解释.基于温度统计的Ba(Zr,Ti)O_3模型给出了依赖于合成温度的平均极化值,结果有助于理解和调制无铅弛豫铁电体Ba(Zr,Ti)O_3.     

ZnO对C02加氢制甲醇用Cu0-Zr02 催化剂性能的影响

在CuO—ZrO2催化剂中引入ZnO2考察了ZnO对CuO-ZrOz物化性能及催化CO2加氢合成甲醇性能的影响,优化了CuO—ZnO—ZrO2催化剂的Zn／Zr比。结果表明,适量ZnO的添加增加了催化剂中铜的比表面积,显著提高了催化剂表面的碱性位数目,从而有利于H2的吸附解离和C02的吸附。ZnO的加入提高了催化剂的催化活性和甲醇选择性,当Zn／Zr比为2：3时,催化活性最高。     

ZrO_2-supported α-MnO_2:Improving low-temperature activity and stability for catalytic oxidation of methane

The single phaseα-Mn O_2and in-situ supportedα-Mn O_2/Zr O_2with different ratios of Mn/Zr were synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method.They showed superior activity for catalytic oxidation of methane and even better than that of 1%Pt/Al_2O_3.The T_(50)of Mn O_2/Zr O_2catalysts with different ratios of Mn/Zr were located in the range of 315–335°C at a WHSV of 90 L g~(-1)h~(-1),whereas that of Pt/Al_2O_3was 380°C.After sulfur ageing,the Mn O_2/Zr O_2catalysts with Mn/Zr ratio of 2:1(2Mn O_2/1Zr O_2)and 1:1(1Mn O_2/1Zr O_2)exhibited satisfying sulfur resistance in comparison to the pure Mn O_2.The 2Mn O_2/1Zr O_2catalyst also showed acceptable catalytic stability,and the addition of 10 vol%CO_2had no obvious negative effect on its stability,whereas the addition of2.6 vol%H_2O caused slight but reversible decreasing methane oxidative activity.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-