高精度Σ-ΔADC中的数字抽取滤波器设计

设计1个应用于高精度sigma-delta模数转换器(Σ-ΔADC)的数字抽取滤波器。数字抽取滤波器采用0.35μm工艺实现,工作电压为5V。该滤波器采用多级结构,由级联梳状滤波器、补偿滤波器和窄带有限冲击响应半带滤波器组成。通过对各级滤波器的结构、阶数以及系数进行优化设计,有效地缩小了电路面积,降低了滤波器的功耗。所设计的数字抽取滤波器通带频率为21.77kHz,通带波纹系数为±0.01dB,阻带增益衰减120dB。研究结果表明:该滤波器对128倍过采样、二阶Σ-Δ调制器的输出码流进行处理,得到的信噪失真比达102.8dB,数字抽取滤波器功耗仅为49mW,面积约为0.6mm×1.9mm,达到了高精度模数转换器的要求。     

基于FPGA的多级CIC滤波器的设计与实现

积分梳状(CIC)滤波器是一种高效的滤波器,广泛应用于无线通信技术的数字下变频和上变频端.但传统结构的级联CIC滤波器每个寄存器的位宽是固定的,在处理低频信号会造成高频的运算带宽过大,浪费计算机硬件资源的不足.利用Hogenauer"剪除"理论对每一级的输出位宽进行截短,提高CIC滤波器的性能,通过级联多个单级CIC滤波器优化其结构,构建了多级CIC滤波器;同时利用FPGA技术的重构性强、扩展性好、硬件资源占有少、成本低、可靠性高的特点,采用Verilog HDL语言设计实现了各个模块,最终基于FPGA设计完成的多级CIC滤波器模型,不仅节约了硬件资源,还使CIC滤波器每个寄存器的位宽可变.通过Modelsim对模型进行仿真并下载到以Altera DE2的EP2C35F672C6为目标芯片验证,达到了设计要求.     

CIC抽取滤波器

级联积分-梳状（Cascaded Integrator–Comb,CIC）滤波器,是一种高效的抽取滤波器,广泛应用于软件无线电接收机数字前端。介绍了抽取理论,以及CIC滤波器的结构和频率特性。通过计算机仿真,得到了CIC滤波器在软件无线电接收机信号处理过程中的时频域信号,验证了其功能。     

∑-Δ ADC中数字抽取滤波器的多级实现

设计和实现了一个应用于音频∑-Δ模数转换器的数字抽取滤波器.该抽取滤波器采用多级多采样率结构,由梳状滤波器、补偿滤波器和2个FIR半带滤波器构成.补偿滤波器补偿梳状滤波器的通带滚降,补偿后整个抽取滤波器带内纹波小于0.006 dB,同时补偿滤波器实现了2倍降采样,减少了一个FIR半带滤波器的硬件开销.滤波器系数均采用规范符号编码实现,避免使用规模很大的乘法器单元.数字抽取滤波器采用SMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺实现,芯片测试表明,该滤波器对256倍过采样率、三阶∑-Δ调制器的输出码流进行处理得到的信噪比达到107 dB,能够满足高端音频模数转换器的要求.     

基于高效抽取滤波器的数字下变频设计

对数字下变频各个模块的构成及原理进行了研究,提出了一种基于高效抽取滤波器的实现方案,用查表法产生数字混频所需的高采样率的数字本振信号,用梳状滤波器和半带滤波器级联实现数字下变频的抽取和滤波.方案中多处使用了查表法,它相对于传统方法有节省资源,速度快,易于实现的优点.设计中调用了ALTREA参数化模块库中的资源,充分利用了芯片的硬件资源,从而提高了运算速度.还给出了半带滤波器的一个设计实例.该方案已通过FPGA验证.     

全加结构抽取和补偿滤波器的高效实现

针对接收机设计中使用有限冲击响应(FIR)滤波器对级联积分梳状(CIC)抽取滤波器进行补偿滤波的问题,提出了一种全加结构无乘法运算的FIR补偿滤波器实现方式.通过对FIR补偿滤波器系数的近似,将滤波器系数用与它最接近的{2n}集合中的一个数表示,将滤波器乘法运算转换为移位运算,整个补偿滤波运算仅由滤波器阶数个加法单元构成.仿真结果表明,这种采用系数近似的算法在实现高速运算的同时,可以满足对CIC抽取滤波器进行补偿滤波的要求.     

非整数倍采样情况下的符号定时同步研究

符号定时同步是数字信号解调的关键技术之一。实际应用中,为简化模数转换操作,数字接收机通常采用相对固定的采样速率对不同符号速率的信号进行采样,而传统的符号同步算法无法实现每个符号非整数个采样点的信号的同步。针对非整数倍采样情况下的定时同步问题,在传统最大平均功率算法的基础上,提出一种由多相滤波器、改进的积分级联梳状(CIC)插值滤波器和最大平均功率算法构成的符号同步方法,对非整数倍采样信号进行整数倍采样变换,再进行符号定时同步。以最具有代表性的16QAM和32QAM信号为例对算法进行仿真,仿真结果表明,新算法在保证较低的运算复杂度的同时,具有较高的估计精度,能够适用于MQAM信号在非整数倍采样情况下的符号定时同步。     

一种采样率可调的中频DQPSK调制方法设计

通过对软件无线电技术的研究,提出了一种适合中频传输的改进型全数字四相相对相移键控(differential quadrature reference phase shift keying,DQPSK)调制方案,该方案能够输出采样率可变的调制信号。对DQPSK调制的工作过程中变频模块进行了研究,其中插值模块的更改可以实现不同的速率变化。并重点描述了积分梳状滤波器(cascade integrator comb,CIC)及其补偿的办法,能使不同带宽的低速率信号实现上采样到载频输出调制信号,并给出了具体的性能仿真分析。     

新的改进Sharpened CIC滤波器

提出了一种改进的积分梳状（CIC）滤波器.在改变传统积分梳状滤波器的延迟因子的同时，将锐化（Sharpen）技术和相位分解技术应用于此滤波器.改进后的滤波器与传统滤波器相比，减少了信号失真，降低了系统功率消耗.仿真结果表明，改进后的滤波器在通带范围内的波动很少，而且，具有较高的阻带衰减.     

基于FPGA的新型抗混叠CIC抽取滤波器的设计与实现

针对传统的积分梳状滤波器在用作抽取抗混叠滤波器时,通带偏差和混叠镜像衰减难以满足软件无线电系统需要的问题,设计采用内插二阶多项式级联锐化CIC滤波器的改进方法,扩展了其通带带宽的同时提高了阻带衰减,并应用SOPC设计软件dspbuilder在一片FPGA芯片上予以实现,简化了设计流程,降低了成本和开发周期.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-