日本囊对虾人工诱变子一代遗传变异的RAPD分析

以性腺成熟的日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)作为亲代,进行不同剂量的60Co-γ射线照射.采用RAPD技术对诱变子一代的无节幼体基因组DNA多态性进行了检测.从20个随机寡核苷酸引物共检测177个位点,其中多态位点152个,占85.9%.单个引物获得的标记为6～12个,平均8.85个,分子量在150～2 500 bp之间.遗传相似系数用Nei的计算方法进行计算,遗传距离则用Lynch的计算方法进行计算.实验数据表明:诱变子代与正常对照组相比,遗传多样性水平较高,诱变产生了较为显著的变异.研究结果证实:在对虾大规模养殖,种质质量严重退化的情况下,人工诱变能够促进基因组更加广泛的变异,为新品种的选育打下坚实的基础;同时证明RAPD技术在检测遗传差异方面具有较高的灵敏度和分辨率.     

怀地黄85-5品种内遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

采用CTAB法提取了怀地黄85-5品种16个单株的基因组DNA,使用紫外分析和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其纯度和大小,利用RAPD及ISSR分析其品种内遗传多样性.从24个RAPD引物和43个ISSR引物中分别筛选出具有稳定多态性条带的RAPD引物3个和ISSR引物2个,分别对16个单株基因组DNA进行PCR扩增.3个RAPD引物共扩增出7条带,其中多态性条带为4个,多态性比率为57.14%.2个ISSR引物共扩增出17条带,其中多态性条带为11个,多态性比率为64.7%.结果表明,怀地黄85-5品种内存在遗传差异,但遗传多样性比地黄品种间的低.     

RAPD鉴定远缘杂交牧草蔗新品系94-42

应用RAPD技术对远缘杂交牧草蔗新品系94—42，父本PT43—52及母本甘蔗栽培良种C0419进行分子鉴定．67个引物共扩增出284条带，其中l16条为多态性带，占40．85％．计算相似性系数，并对3个品种进行亲缘关系的分析，结果分别为：新品系和母本：0．9138；新品系和父本：0．8009；父本和母本：0．7658．RAPD结果证明，牧草蔗94—42基因组出现多态性，具有父、母本特异DNA带，是两者远缘杂交的后代．提示RAPD技术是一种适合远缘杂交物种分子鉴定的有效方法．     

飞蝗五个自然种群的遗传分化研究

采用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术检测飞蝗Locusta migratoria（Linnaeus）2个亚种5个种群的遗传多样性，11个随机引物扩增共产生了163条带，其中多态性片段为156条．Shannon信息指数和Nei’S指数对RAPD数据的分析表明：东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis（Meyen）不同种群存在较高的遗传多样性；同时，东亚飞蝗种群间出现一定程度的遗传分化，遗传分化系数分别为36．09％和33．85％．用UPGMA对Nei’S遗传距离作聚类分析，结果表明：东亚飞蝗不同种群的亲缘关系较近，而它们与亚洲飞蝗Locusta migratoria migratoria（Linnaeus）关系较远．由Nei’S遗传一致度和遗传距离可以看出，东亚飞蝗不同种群间的遗传距离均小于东亚飞蝗与亚洲飞蝗之间的遗传距离．由Mantel软件检验得出地理距离和遗传距离的相关性系数r〈0．7，表明这5个种群亲缘关系的远近与地理距离无相关性．同时，还结合等位酶种群遗传结构研究结果综合分析了上述东亚飞蝗4种群的遗传多样性及其分化，表明RAPD可检测出更高水平的遗传多样性．     

中国对虾遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态DNA技术,对中国对虾的3个野生地理群体--朝鲜半岛西海岸产卵群体及其越冬群体、黄渤海中国沿岸群体和一个人工累代养殖群体进行了遗传多样性研究.用一组随机引物,对每个群体各20尾对虾的基因组DNA进行扩增,共获得110个重复性好且谱带清晰的RAPD标记,68.2%的标记在所有个体间保持稳定的一致性,表明中国对虾的遗传多样性水平偏低.4个群体的多态位点比例在20%～33.3%之间,群体内的遗传多态度为0.0093～0.0307.群体间遗传变异高于群体内.不同群体间遗传变异水平不同,朝鲜半岛西海岸产卵群体及其越冬群体相近且高于黄渤海沿岸群体,累代养殖群体遗传变异度最低.通过成对的遗传距离分析,用非加权的组平均法构建了上述4个群体中国对虾的谱系关系图,该聚类分析的结果与中国对虾在黄渤海的地理分布相吻合.     

7个水稻光温敏核不育系品种(系)的RAPD多态性分析

利用RAPD技术，从60个随机引物(10bp)中落选出了31个引物，能在供试的7个水稻光温敏核不育系不同品种(系)间扩增出180条稳定性较好的多态性片段．聚类分析结果显示，7个水稻光温敏核不育系品种(系)明量地聚为三类，其中同属于株1S体细胞诱变来的SV5，SVl0发生了较大的变异，相似系数均小于0．470，而SVl和SVl4变异较小，相似系数均大于0．890．H155与杂交亲本培矮64S的遗传差异较小，与杂交亲本株1S的遗传差异较大．该结果与田间农艺性状相符：另外，从7个水稻光温敏核不育系品种(系)的整体来看，相似系数均较大，说明遗传差异较小，遗传背景单一，从而在很大程度上限制了水稻杂种化势的利用．     

应用RAPD技术对新疆布顿大麦遗传多样性的研究

利用RAPD分子标记，通过40条10碱基随机引流，对32份新疆布顿大麦进行了遗传多样性评价。在40个10碱基随机引物中，有22个引物（占55％）的扩增产物具有多态性，每条多态性引物能产生1－7条多态性DNA带纹。40个引物共扩增227条带，其中95条（占41．9％）具有多态性，平均每条引物能产生1．7条多态性DNA带纹。基于RAPD技术计算了32份布屯大麦间的遗传相似系数（GS）变化值为0．427－0．848，平均值为0．681，利用不完全加权算术平均数（UPGMA），采用1－GS矩阵对其进行遗传聚类，结果表明，RAPD标记将32份参试材料区分为3类（或亚类），来源于新疆北部的20份材料有17份材料（占85％）聚入Ib亚类，而第Ia亚类则主要来自于新疆中部的一些材料。研究表明，RAPD标记揭示的新疆布顿大麦间的遗传多样性与其地理来源紧密相关。     

应用RAPD和同工酶遗传标记鉴别彭泽鲫中的克隆

应用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)和同工酶检测技术检测分析了18尾彭泽鲫，从样品鳍条提取基因组DNA，水平式淀粉凝胶电泳法检测同工酶，结果显示，肝脏GPI、肌肉GPI和肝脏EST3种同工酶均有变异出现，3种同工酶组合后可将实验鱼划分为遗传组成各不相同的8种克隆，6种引物PCR扩增的RAPD电泳图谱与同工酶的划分结果一致。     

大蒜种质资源遗传多样性的分子标记研究

本研究利用RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术．对中国10个不同地区的大蒜品种进行了种质资源遗传多样性研究．从30个RAPD引物当中．筛选出11个具有多态性的引物．共扩增出多态性带224条．多态性条带比率为41．18％．从12个ISSR引物中筛选出5个具多态性的ISSR引物．共扩增出多态性带121条．多态性条带比率为50．21％．对RAPD和ISSR两种标记分别运用Nei指数法．计算出10个大蒜品种的平均遗传距离为0．28和0．32．根据这两种标记的结果．采用UPGMA进行聚类分析，得到与生物学分类地位基本一致的结果．结果表明，在实验稳定性上．ISSR优于RAPD．且ISSR比RAPD能检测到更多的遗传变异．RAPD和ISSR两种标记可用于大蒜种质遗传多样性的研究．     

铁皮石斛不同繁殖代数遗传稳定性RAPD的研究

研究铁皮石斛单蒴果种子内不同无性繁殖代数的遗传稳定性.利用从100个随机引物筛选出23个稳定性较好的10碱基引物,对来自单蒴果的7代无性繁殖种苗进行RAPD检测.发现7代无性繁殖的组培苗内代代之间遗传距离很小,但代数相差越大其遗传距离就越大,在0～0.043 5范围内.其中在1～3代未探查到变异,但从第4代始,有部分引物RAPD带型发生变化,但变化甚微.23个稳定引物只探查到了7个变异位点.铁皮石斛组培过程中种内存在一定的变异,但变异甚微,所以建立铁皮石斛稳定的无性快繁体系是切实可行的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to