Ga改性的Au／TS-1催化剂上气相丙烯环氧化反应

以Ga改性的TS-1分子筛为载体,用沉积沉淀法制备了金催化剂,并用于气相丙烯环氧化反应．比较了不同Ga掺杂量对催化剂结构和催化性能的影响．反应结果表明：Ga的改性使催化剂上丙烯的转化率由1．8％提高到2．7％;环氧丙烷的选择性由86．2％提高到91．9％．催化剂活性的增加可能是因为Ga的掺人使金颗粒分布更加均匀,以及载体微结构变化引起的配位效应．     

选择性加氢脱硫催化剂Co-Mo/TiO_2-Al_2O_3的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法获得TiO2-Al2O3复合载体,研究了该复合载体负载Co、Mo后制备的Co-Mo/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂在FCC汽油重馏分加氢脱硫反应中的催化性能,重点考察了复合载体TiO2/(TiO2+Al2O3)对催化剂加氢脱硫活性和选择性的影响,并对催化剂和载体进行了BET、IR和NH3-TPD表征.实验结果表明:催化剂加氢脱硫活性和选择性均随载体中TiO2含量的增加而增加.表征结果表明催化剂的比表面积、孔容和平均孔径均随载体中Ti O2含量的增加而减小;随着TiO2含量的增加,催化剂酸中心强度和酸量有所增大,但变化量不大;催化剂载体的L酸量逐渐增大.载体表面仅有微量的B酸.     

负载量与SO2-4对V2O5/TiO2催化氨氧化3-甲基吡啶反应的影响

以2种商品化的TiO2为载体,用浸渍法制备了一系列V2O5负载量不同的V2O5/TiO2催化剂,通过X射线衍射表征了V2O5在载体TiO2表面的分散情况,考察了催化剂对3-甲基吡啶气相氨氧化合成3-氰基吡啶反应的催化性能.结果表明,钒氧物种在TiO2载体表面呈高度分散时V2O5/TiO2催化剂表现出更优的催化性能,其中以Sigma公司生产TiO2为载体制备的5%V2O5/TiO2催化剂的性能最优,对应93%的3-甲基吡啶转化率和90%的3-氰基吡啶选择性;载体中含硫酸盐会降低催化剂催化活性.     

MnOx/TiO2催化剂的制备及其低温NH3选择性催化还原NO性能

为了研究MnOx/TiO2催化剂的低温催化还原NO性能,采用微乳液法在不同的煅烧温度下制备了不同晶相的纳米TiO2,并以此为载体,利用浸渍法制备了一系列MnOx/TiO2催化剂.然后,利用BET,XRD,HRTEM,H2-TPR等方法研究了载体和催化剂的微观结构、分散状态和氧化还原性质.实验结果表明:随着煅烧温度的增加,纳米TiO2从锐钛型逐渐向金红石型转变,700℃煅烧得到的纳米TiO2呈混晶相,800℃煅烧得到的纳米TiO2则为纯金红石型;锐钛型及混晶相TiO2载体与活性氧化物MnOx之间的相互作用较为强烈,当纳米TiO2中金红石型与锐钛型并存时,MnOx优先与锐钛型纳米TiO2作用;纯金红石型纳米TiO2与MnOx之间的相互作用较弱.模拟NH3选择性催化还原NO的反应活性测试结果表明,500℃煅烧得到的MnOx/TiO2催化剂表现出较高的低温活性.     

TiO2-C纳米复合材料负载钯催化剂的制备及其对甲酸的电催化氧化

通过将TiO2和三聚氰胺的混合物高温煅烧制备出TiO2-C纳米复合材料,并将其用作载体合成出Pd/TiO2-C催化剂.采用XRD,TEM,HR-TEM和EDS等手段对催化剂进行了表征分析,并考察了它们对甲酸氧化反应的催化性能.结果表明,Pd负载于碳与TiO2的界面,平均粒径为5nm,与Pd/XC-72和Pd/TiO2相比,Pd/TiO2-C催化剂具有更强的催化活性和稳定性,这归因于TiO2-C载体的特性和Pd/TiO2-C独特的异质结构.     

Au/TiO2的制备及可见光催化性能

采用沉积沉-沉淀法制备了Au/TiO2催化剂,并用IR、TG-DTA、SEM进行了表征.以甲醇气体消除反应为模式反应评价催化剂在可见光下的光催化性能.运用正交法设计实验方案,研究了金含量、焙烧温度和焙烧时间对催化剂催化活性的影响.结果表明金含量和焙烧温度对金催化剂的影响显著,Au含量lwt.%的Au/TiO2催化剂在200℃下活化5 h的光催化活性最佳.0.15 g催化剂可将初始浓度为35 g·m-3,流速为5 ml·min-1的甲醇气体消除62.3%.     

负载量与SO4^2-对V2O5／TiO2催化氨氧化3-甲基吡啶反应的影响

以2种商品化的TiO2为载体,用浸渍法制备了一系列V2O5负载量不同的V2O5／TiO2催化剂,通过X射线衍射表征了V2O5在载体TiO2表面的分散情况,考察了催化剂对3-甲基吡啶气相氨氧化合成3-氰基吡啶反应的催化性能、结果表明,钒氧物种在TiO2载体表面呈高度分散时V2O5／TiO2催化剂表现出更优的催化性能,其中以Sigma公司生产TiO2为载体制备的5％V2O5／TiO2催化剂的性能最优,对应93％的3-甲基吡啶转化率和90％的3-氰基吡啶选择性;载体中含硫酸盐会降低催化剂催化活性。     

稀土改性TiO催化剂的制备及光催化消除甲醇

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Sm3+/TiO2和Eu3+/TiO2催化剂.以甲醇为消除底物,紫外光照下,研究催化剂光催化消除甲醇的性能；讨论了掺杂量、活化温度、甲醇的初始浓度对催化剂反应的影响.结果表明:钐、铕的最佳掺杂量(摩尔比)分别为:0.1％,0.5％,最佳焙烧温度为350℃.钐和铕的掺杂使TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石相的...     

稀土改性TiO_2催化剂的制备及光催化消除甲醇

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Sm3+/TiO2和Eu3+/TiO2催化剂.以甲醇为消除底物,紫外光照下,研究催化剂光催化消除甲醇的性能;讨论了掺杂量、活化温度、甲醇的初始浓度对催化剂反应的影响.结果表明:钐、铕的最佳掺杂量(摩尔比)分别为:0.1%,0.5%,最佳焙烧温度为350℃.钐和铕的掺杂使TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石相的转变温度有所提高,热稳定性增加,光生电子和空穴复合率明显降低,催化性能显著提高.催化性能Eu3+/TiO2明显优于Sm3+/TiO2,当甲醇浓度为8.0 g.m-3,流速为10.0 mL.min-1时,0.15 g的Eu3+/TiO2光催化消除甲醇的消除率达97.8%.对Sm3+/TiO2和Eu3+/TiO2光催化消除甲醇的反应动力学研究表明:反应为一级反应,反应表观活化能分别为Ea=20.2 kJ.mol-1,Ea=18.8 kJ.mol-1.     

TiO2催化的直接枣红染料光化学降解研究

在光解过程中,直接枣红染料的去除在未添加催化剂时是以一级反应动力学模式进行,添加不同的TiO2催化剂不会改变染料降解动力学。在不同焙烧温度下形成的TiO2,性能有差异,具有不同的晶型和吸附性能.除在800℃下焙烧的TiO2以外,其余催化剂的添加都可不同程度地增加染料的去除速率.染料的催化光降解效率与催化剂的吸附能力、晶型结构等有关,其中,催化剂晶型对催化剂催化性能的影响要大于催化剂吸附性能带来的影响.锐钛矿型的TiO2催化活性较高,高的吸附性能也有利于催化效率的提高,表现为在400℃焙烧下获得的TiO2具有最高活性,而具有金红石型的TiO2,催化活性差,甚至于降低了染料的光解效率     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-