超细复合FDY纤维工艺技术探讨

文章探讨了以涤纶(PET)、水溶性涤纶(COPET)和锦纶(PA)为原料,利用双组份、双箱体复合纺设备,在4 500 m/min的纺速下生产单丝线密度dpf小于0.1 dtex的涤锦和海岛超细复合FDY纤维,其涉及的切片、纺丝、组件、冷却、卷绕等工艺条件和生产技术对纤维质量及后道开纤、染色效果的影响。结果表明,合适的工艺可保证生产的顺利进行和产品质量的稳定。     

PBT/PET复合纤维的结构特征与热收缩率表征

利用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜观察分析了PBT/PET复合纤维的截面与双边分布特征,并由此表征了PBT和PET的内外侧分布与卷曲形态.采用DSC热分析技术测量了该复合纤维的结晶度,并根据热湿收缩试验讨论了其与纤维热收缩的关系.     

超细纤维水刺非织造布的纤维裂离机理及性能

梳理成网和水刺加固与纤维开纤裂离同步进行，是双组分分裂型纤维水刺非织造布生产的最大技术特点。这里主要分析了双组分分裂型纤维在射流作用下的开纤裂离过程和机理；讨论超细纤维水刺布的性能特点以及分裂率的测定方法。     

Effect of Inclined Water Jets on Tensile Strength of Bicomponent Hydroentangled Nonwoven Fabrics

The effects of inclined water jets on bicomponent hydroentangled fabrics were investigated. The PET/COPET and PA6/PET hydroentangled fabrics were made by using designed inclined water jet apparatus. Effects of basis weight, water jets inclination angle and water jet pressure were discussed. The comparison was made on the average tensile strength of fabrics made by perpendicular water jets （0^o inclination angle） and inclined water jets of 20^o with pressure levels of 3 bars and 7 bars. It was found that increases of water jet pressure, the fabrics tensile strength were increased. Furthermore, increases of water jets inclination angle, fabric tensile strength of 60 g/m^2 fabrics decreased while for 100 g/m^2 fabrics tensile strength increased.     

Synthesis and Application of Easy Hydrolysis Degradable Polyester

An easy hydrolysis degradable polyester (EHDP) is synthesized; the fiber produced from which can be hydrolyzed by dilute basic solution easily. The properties of these kind polyesters are measured. The results show that this kind polymer is suitable to be spun into filament The EHDP can be spun into staple fiber and manufactured into non-woven fabric. This fabric is used as disposable clothes. In composite spinning, the PET (polyethylen glycol terephthalate) or PA (poly amide) is used as continuous phase, and EHDP used as dispersed phase. Then the fabric of this kind fiber is treated by basic solution; the ultra-fine fiber fabric is obtained. The fineness of the fiber is about 0.045 dtex. In blend spinning, EHDP is mixed with polypropylene (PP) to produce hollow fiber with micro-holes hi radical direction. This fiber is a usable material in filter especially in medical use.     

低掺量PA6短纤维水泥基材料的力学性能及耐久性

采用PA6短纤维在较低掺量情况下对水泥基材料力学性能及耐久性进行了研究 ,并与Nycon纤维进行对比。结果表明PA6短纤维可明显提高水泥基材料的抗冲击性能和抗冻融性能 ,对水泥基材料其他性能没有影响 ,PA6短纤维在水泥基材料中可免受大气老化影响 ,其综合性能达到国外同类产品水平     

抗菌聚酰胺纤维的制备及结构与性能

采用熔融缩聚的方法合成了胍基聚合物（PHGC，PHBG）抗菌剂，应用DSC及热失重研究了抗菌剂的热稳定性，对PA6／PHGC共混体系进行了流变性能分析，纺制了PA6／PHGC纤维，研究了共混纤维的抗菌性能及抗菌剂加入对其他性能及结构的影响。     

STUDIES ON THE CRIMP BEHAVIOR OF SIDE-BY-SIDE BICOMPONENT POLYAMIDE FIBERS

The supermolecular structure and mechanical properties as well as the crimp behavior of theside-by-side polyamide (PA 66-C710) fibers are studied by means of density gradient method,sonic measurement,X-ray,diffractometry,differential scanning calorimetry,crimp tester etc.fortheir as-spun fibers,drawn fibers,and boiling-water treated fibers.The effects of the processingand treatment conditions on the formation of the supermolecular structure and the crimp behaviorof the fibers are investigated and discussed in detail,also the crimp mechanism of the side-by-sidebicomponent fibers is proposed.From these results,it is shown that by adopting suitable spinningfinish,reasonable processing technology and optimal heat treatment conditions the side-by-sidebicomponent polyamide fibers with excellent crimp property,close to that of nylon texturizedstretch yarns,can be obtained.     

Studies on Melt Spinning of Sheath-Core Bicomponent Fibers: Fundamental Equations on the Dynamics of Melt Spinning

An attempt was made to numerically compute the temperature profile within the melt spinning of sheath-core bicomponent fibers by deriving a set of simultaneous partial differential equations. The effects of acceleration, gravity, and air friction on the kinetics of the polymer were included and the upper-convected Maxwell model as the constitutive equation was adopted in this model. The sheath-core bicomponent fibers were partitioned into a serial of circular cross section and it is assumed that each circular cross section has a temperature gradient while conducting the equation of energy balance. A mathematical model was developed to describe the melt spinning of sheath-core bicomponent fibers.     

Necking Point in PET High-speed Fiber Spinning

Cross-over method is established to predict necking point for PET high-speed fiber spuming. Even slowly crystallizing polymers such as PET can crystallize on the spinline at sufficiently high spinning speed. The development of running velocity, temperature, crystallinity and rheological force is investigated for the take-up velocity over a range of 6 000 - 10 000 m/min. The pos-ition of necking point, temperature rise and abrupt increase of crystallinity move closer to the spinneret with the increase of take-up velocity.     

Testing of the Splitting rate of PET/PA Composite Microfiber

The PET/PA composite microfiber yarn was cut into slices,which were viewed with an optical microscope and photographed with a digital camera.The gap-splitting rate and dislocated-splitting rate observed within the pictures were then counted.With the help of Matlab7.0 program,the results of splitting rate virtual values can be obtained with integral method.This creates a new testing method for determining the splitting rate of polyester and nylon composite microfiber fabric.     

Application of Rare Earth Spin Finishes Chloride on PET/PA Composite Super-fine Denier Fiber

The primariy application of rare - earth spin finishes on PET/PA composite super - fine denier fiber has been studied in this paper. It results in the improvement of fi-ber's properties, such as increased whiteness, brightness and brilliance, effective and uniform spliting of compos-ite fiber into super - fine denier fiber and enhanced dye-ing effect.     

Dynamics Model and Simulation of Polyethylene Terephthalate （PET） Hollow Fiber

On the basis of melt-spinning, the dynamics model of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hollow fiber is established.The effects of spinning conditions on hollow ratio are discussed and verified. Because of the different quenching conditions, there exist differences of the hollow ratio and the vitrification distances between different cycles. The important role of the quenching conditions on the melt-spinning of PET hollow fiber is also mentioned.     

Hydrolysis-resistant Polyethylene Terephthalate （PET） Fiber

For certain industrial applications, the mechanical properties of PET fiber can be deteriorated from hydrolysis because the terminal carboxylic groups promote the degradation of macromolecules under high moisture and high temperature. It limits the wide applications of PET fiber in some special cases. In this paper, three additives are selected to improve the hydrolytic stability through the reaction of bi-functional groups on additive molecules with carboxyl groups on PET molecules. The additives can serve not only as hydrolysis stabilizers, but also as agents to increase the molecular weight and consequently to improve PET fiber mechanical properties. PET pellets were blended with additive before spinning, and melt spun into fiber. The fibers were then hydrolyzed in an autoclave by saturated vapor at 140℃ for a period of time. Measurements of intrinsic viscosity, terminal carboxylic group value and strength of polyester fibers were carried out to study the effects of hydrolysis resistance. Results show that 2, 2＇-bis （2-oxazoline） has best hydrolysis-resistibility and the chainextension effect at the same time.     

Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Structure and Thermal Properties of Kaolin Modified Polyester Fibers

Modified polyester fibers were obtained using 2% and 6% of kaolin blends through melt spinning.The influences of two thermal treatments maintaining the original tension(180 ℃×2 min and 200 ℃×1 min)on the structure and properties of fiber were compared.The changes of grain size and crystallinity of fiber were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The changes of thermal properties of fibers were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA).The results show that the crystalline structure of kaolin modified polyester fiber doesn't change with the thermal treatment.With the kaolin content increasing,the grain size of fiber changed.The higher the thermal treatment temperature is,the higher the crystallinity of fiber is.There are two glass-transition temperatures for kaolin modified:the lower one is the glass-transition temperature of polyester fiber matrix,and the higher one is derived from the heterogeneous blend of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.The higher the kaolin content is,the higher the glass-transition temperature is.Thermal treatment could increase the compatibility of polyester matrix and nano kaolin.There was only one glass-transition temperature for the thermal treatment fiber,and the heat resistance of fiber was improved.Thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry(TGA-DSC)results of kaolin modified polyethylene terephthalate(PET)matrix indicate that the decomposition temperature of PET fibers,kaolin modified PET fibers,and thermal treated fibers were little different within 40%-60% of weight loss rate range.     

化纤复丝强度与纤维根数的关系

以单纤维强度服从Weibull分布、纤维束强度服从正态分布条件下纤维束强度与纤维根数间的关系为理论基础，测定分析了实际PET，PA6DTY复丝的平均强度与纤维根数间的关系，得出：复丝内纤维根数增加，复丝的平均强度下降；但当纤维根数增加到一定程度时，由于纤维间的相互作用增大，复丝强度又有所提高．除了强度分布因素外，实际复丝的强度与纤维根数的关系还受到复丝纱线结构、复丝内纤维间相互作用等因素的影响．     

涤纶POY的热收缩和动态内应力

本文利用动态内应力仪对各种纺速和纤度的涤纶POY进行拉伸试验。研究不同纺速、纤度及拉伸条件下POY的动态内应力变化规律,并对制取样品的结晶度、声速、双折射、热收缩率和色差等进行测定。试验表明:(1)纺速为3000～3300m/min的POY动态内应力最低;(2)纤维的色差值随动态内应力波动值增大而增加;(3)纤维的热收缩率取决于超分子结构参数——结晶度与取向度。它随大分子取向度的增加而增大,随结晶度的增大而下降。用二元回归的数理统计方法得到热收缩率和纤维的结晶度以及表征大分子取向的声速、双折射间的定量关系:Y=67.5999+0.3225X_1-3.2430X_2 R=0.9985(纺速1100m/min～5500m/min)式中:Y——纤维的热收缩率;X_1——纤维的双折射;X_2——纤维的结晶度;R——全相关系数。Y=21.4447+1.8558X_1-10.3050X_2 R=0.9993(纤度45dtex/24f～167dtex/30f)Y=10.2246+2.2030X_1-26.2679X_2 R=0.9916(拉伸倍数1.4～2.2)X_1——纤维的声速值。     

直线式双组分熔体微分电纺“月牙状”聚丙烯纤维制备

搭建直线式熔体微分电纺设备，制备了聚丙烯（PP）和聚乳酸（PLA）双组分纤维，将所制样品放入丙酮水溶液中作浸泡处理，溶解PLA组分获得PP单组分异形纤维；然后对PLA添加增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯（ATBC）进行降黏处理，以达到改变PLA熔体流动速率（MFRs）的目的，探究不同MFRs差异所产生的不同包裹现象。研究结果表明，两种组分的MFRs差异对双组分纤维的包裹现象产生显著影响，且通过实验可知，当ATBC质量分数为6%的PLA与PP共纺时，可得到形貌最佳的PP组分异形纤维。     

涤纶多孔纺丝过程中温度、速度、张力径向分布问题的研究

本文建立了在密闭环吹条件下,多孔纺丝过程的数学模型.借计算机求得各层纤维温度、速度、张力、速度梯度沿纺程的分布和各层纤维凝固距离、双折射△n等变化.对探讨纺丝机理、选择最佳工艺、改进设备提供有益参考.     

PETG共聚酯纤维的性能研究

主要报导了PETG共聚酯的纺丝与拉伸实验。实验表明，PETG共聚酯可通过普通的PET纺-牵设备进行纺丝加工。随CHDM含量的增加，共聚酯结晶性能下降，纤维强度下降。共聚酯纤维具有优异的弯曲回弹性和染色性能，且随CHDM含量的增加而提高。