钛酸铅纳米线的铁电相变研究

采用水热法合成钙钛矿结构钛酸铅（PbTiO3）纳米线.水热温度对产物的形貌有较大的影响,PbTiO3纳米线的直径为10~20 nm.变温Raman光谱研究表明,随着温度的升高,位于600 cm-1以上声子的振动频率变化不大,而位于低频的振动峰发生了红移或消失;PbTiO3纳米线在283℃发生正交→四方的结构转变,而在435℃附近对应于PbTiO3纳米线的四方→立方转变.     

OⅡ空位对PbTiO3晶体影响的第一性原理研究

在广义梯度近似(GGA)下,利用超软赝势(USP)对理想PbTiO3晶体(以下简称理想晶体)和OⅡ空位PbTiO3晶体(以下简称OⅡ晶体)的电子云重叠布局数、态密度和能带分布等进行自洽计算.结果显示:OⅡ晶体与理想晶体相比能带向低能方向移动,而且在费米面附近O原子的2p轨道和Ti原子的3d轨道存在明显杂化,这种杂化是PbTiO3晶体保持铁电性的主要原因.氧空位使OⅠ空位PbTiO3晶体(以下简称OⅠ晶体)的氧八面体发生畸变[1],但并没有改变OⅡ晶体的结构,说明OⅡ晶体结构更加稳定.     

OⅠ空位对PbTiO_3晶体影响的第一性原理研究

在广义梯度近似(GGA)下,利用超软赝势对理想PbTiO3晶体(以下简称理想晶体)和PbTiO3的OⅠ空位晶体(以下简称OⅠ晶体)的电子云重叠布局数.态密度和能带分布等进行自洽计算.结果显示:OⅠ晶体和理想晶体相比能带朝低能方向移动;在费米面附近O原子的2p轨道和Ti原子的3d轨道存在明显杂化,这种杂化是PbTiO3晶体保持铁电性的主要原因;同时,氧空位使晶体的氧八面体发生畸变,晶体结构从P4MM变为PMM2.     

TiO2（B）光催化剂的制备方法及光催化性能的比较研究

采用强碱水热、乙二醇溶剂热及醋酸溶剂热三种不同方法来制备Ti O2(B),结果分别得到了纳米线、纳米片及纳米带3种不同结构的Ti O2(B)光催化剂.进一步通过2-萘酚的太阳光催化降解反应比较了3种Ti O2(B)光催化剂的光催化性能.研究发现,不同方法制备的催化剂光催化活性顺序如下:醋酸溶剂热法强碱水热法乙二醇溶剂热法.最后探讨了引起光催化剂间活性差别的几种可能因素.     

具有表面光电特性的PbTiO_3纳米晶的尺寸效应

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备不同粒径的PbTiO3纳米晶．表面光电压谱的研究结果表明，随粒径尺寸的减小，其表面光伏响应发生谱带加宽现象，并出现新的体相跃迁光伏响应结构．这些特性是小尺寸PbTiO3纳米晶内不同于体相PbTiO3的Ti4 的d轨道配位环境的体现．     

两步法仿生合成TiO2纳米线及其表征

以钛酸正四丁酯及L-半胱氨酸为钛源和模板剂,醇热法仿生合成纳米TiO2前体,冉将前体与氢氧化钠溶液水热反应制备出TiO2纳米线．通过SEM、XRD、FTIR以及比表面积及孔径分析仪对前体及纳米线进行表征,结果表明：TiO2纳米线为无定型的钛酸盐结构,直径在20～40nm,长度达数微米,其比表面积为312．58m2／g;煅烧后TiO2纳米线由无定型转变成锐钛矿型结构,FT—IR图谱分析表明纳米线含有Ti—O键．     

Cu(OH)2纳米线/Cu网电极制备及还原水中硝酸盐性能研究

工厂化养殖尾水中硝酸盐污染问题日益严重,而电化学还原技术中铜作为阴极材料去除NO^-₃-N存在活性位点少和吸附能力差的问题.为此采用一种具有高长径比(120)的Cu(OH)₂纳米线/Cu网电极材料应用于NO^-₃-N的电催化还原.首先,通过调控阳极氧化条件制备了Cu(OH)₂纳米线/Cu网.然后,通过对Cu(OH)₂纳米线/Cu网进行表征分析和去除NO^-₃-N性能测试,确定25℃、1.0 mol/L NaOH和2.0 mA/cm²为Cu(OH)₂纳米线/Cu网最佳阳极氧化条件.在双池隔膜反应器中,以该电极为阴极,RuO₂-IrO₂-TiO₂/Ti为阳极,对NO^-₃-N(50 mg/L)去除率达到98%,NO^-_3<...     

TeO2纳米线的制备及其室温NO2气敏特性

以金属Te颗粒为原料,采用热蒸发法于镀金硅基板表面制备出TeO2纳米线,并以其为气敏材料制备成气敏元件.采用XRD,SEM和TEM表征TeO2纳米线的相组成和微观结构,结果表明,TeO2纳米线具有单一的四方相晶体结构,长度约为几十微米,直径约为80~600nm.在TeO2纳米线的顶端未发现Au颗粒,表明TeO2纳米线按照气-固机制进行生长.气敏特性的研究结果表明,TeO2纳米线呈现p型半导体特性,在室温条件下对NO2气体具有良好的响应,气体灵敏度与NO2气体体积分数呈线性增加关系.最后对气敏机制进行了初步探讨.     

水热法制备Ba_(1-x)Nd_(2x)/3TiO_3纳米管及其铁电性能

为了研究Ba_(1-x)Nd_(2x/3)TiO_3纳米管的铁电性能,以阳极氧化法制备所得Ti O2纳米管为模板,采用水热法在不同Nd(NO_3)_3浓度和不同水热温度下制备出掺钕BaTiO_3纳米管,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射仪(XRD)和铁电分析仪对样品的表面形貌、微观结构和铁电性能进行分析.实验结果表明:较高的Nd(NO_3)_3掺杂浓度和水热反应温度均有利于TiO_2纳米管向Ba_(1-x)Nd_(2x/3)TiO_3纳米管的转变,从而提高Ba_(1-x)Nd_(2x/3)TiO_3纳米管的结晶度.Nd(NO3)3浓度为0.010 mol/L、水热温度为200℃条件下所得Ba_(1-x)Nd_(2x/3)TiO_3纳米管的表面形貌最好,且其电滞回线具有良好的滞后性,表明样品具有优良的铁电性能,剩余极化强度Pr达到0.82μC/cm2,矫顽场Ec为2.390 k V/cm.     

基于可控Cd掺杂In2O3纳米线的电学特性研究

文章利用化学气相沉积法合成了不同摩尔比的Cd掺杂的In2O3纳米线,制备了基于单根In2O3纳米线的底栅场效应晶体管,并研究了其电输运特性。结果表明,相对未掺杂的In2O3纳米线,In2O3∶Cd纳米线的电导率有1～2个数量级变化,载流子迁移率高达58.1cm2/(V.s),载流子浓度高达3.7×1018 cm-3。可控Cd掺杂In2O3纳米线将在纳米光电子器件方面有着广泛的应用前景。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-