Formation and characterization of metallic iron grains in coal-based reduction of oolitic iron ore

To reveal the formation and characteristics of metallic iron grains in coal-based reduction, oolitic iron ore was isothermally reduced in various reduction times at various reduction temperatures. The microstructure and size of the metallic iron phase were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and a Bgrimm process mineralogy analyzer. In the results, the reduced Fe separates from the ore and forms metallic iron protuberances, and then the subsequent reduced Fe diffuses to the protuberances and grows into metallic iron grains. Most of the metallic iron grains exist in the quasi-spherical shape and inlaid in the slag matrix. The cumulative frequency of metallic iron grain size is markedly influenced by both reduction time and temperature. With increasing reduction temperature and time, the grain size of metallic iron obviously increases. According to the classical grain growth equation, the growth kinetic parameters, i.e., time exponent, growth activation energy, and pre-exponential constant, are estimated to be 1.3759 ±0.0374, 103.18 kJ·mol-1, and 922.05, respectively. Using these calculated parameters, a growth model is established to describe the growth behavior of metallic iron grains.     

煤种对钛磁铁矿直接还原-磁选钛铁分离的影响

研究了烟煤和无烟煤对海滨钛磁铁矿直接还原-磁选钛铁分离的影响机理.结果表明,在试验用量范围内,两种煤对还原铁指标的影响规律相近,煤用量低时钛磁铁矿还原不充分.随煤用量增加,被还原的金属铁越来越多,但粒度较小,与其他颗粒嵌布紧密,因此还原铁Fe品位低,Ti O2品位高,铁回收率则先提高后基本不变.所有煤用量下所得金属铁颗粒均纯净.和无烟煤相比,烟煤固定碳较低,还原气氛较弱,但灰分较高,有利于金属铁颗粒的聚集长大;因此相同用量的烟煤为还原剂时,焙烧矿中金属铁颗粒较少,但粒度较大,还原铁中Fe品位较高,铁回收率较低,Ti O2品位较低.     

Recovery of iron from high phosphorus oolitic iron ore using coal-based reduction followed by magnetic separation

Oolitic iron ore is one of the most important iron resources. This paper reports the recovery of iron from high phosphorus oolitic iron ore using coal-based reduction and magnetic separation. The influences of reduction temperature, reduction time, C/O mole ratio, and CaO content on the metallization degree and iron recovery were investigated in detail. Experimental results show that reduced products with the metallization degree of 95.82% could be produced under the optimal conditions (i.e., reduction temperature, 1250℃; reduction time, 50 min; C/O mole ratio, 2.0; and CaO content, 10wt%). The magnetic concentrate containing 89.63wt% Fe with the iron recovery of 96.21% was obtained. According to the mineralogical and morphologic analysis, the iron minerals had been reduced and iron was mainly enriched into the metallic iron phase embedded in the slag matrix in the form of spherical particles. Apatite was also reduced to phosphorus, which partially migrated into the metallic iron phase.     

Sintering behaviors and consolidation mechanism of high-chromium vanadium and titanium magnetite fines

To achieve high efficiency utilization of high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite (V–Ti–Cr) fines, an investigation of V–Ti–Cr fines was conducted using a sinter pot. The chemical composition, particle parameters, and granulation of V–Ti–Cr mixtures were analyzed, and the effects of sintering parameters on the sintering behaviors were investigated. The results indicated that the optimum quicklime dosage, mixture moisture, wetting time, and granulation time for V–Ti–Cr fines are 5wt%, 7.5wt%, 10 min, and 5–8 min, respectively. Meanwhile, the vertical sintering speed, yield, tumbler strength, and productivity gains were shown to be 21.28 mm/min, 60.50wt%, 58.26wt%, and 1.36 t·m-2·h-1, respectively. Furthermore, the consolidation mechanism of V–Ti–Cr fines was clarified, revealing that the consolidation of a V–Ti–Cr sinter requires an approximately 14vol% calcium ferrite liquid-state, an approximately 15vol% silicate liquid-state, a solid-state reaction, and the recrystallization of magnetite. Compared to an ordinary sinter, calcium ferrite content in a V–Ti–Cr sinter is lower, while the perovskite content is higher, possibly resulting in unsatisfactory sinter outcomes.     

钒钛球团矿取代钒钛块矿进行护炉的工艺研究

采用氧化焙烧的钒钛球团矿取代钒钛块矿进行护炉,由于TFe,TiO2含量的提高,减少了渣量,故其还原性、软熔性能等冶金性能优于钒钛块矿.将其运用于高炉生产,结果表明,生铁中的钛含量明显高于使用钒钛块矿时的水平,炉缸部位两段冷却壁的进出水温差测量值呈降低趋势,综合焦比略有降低.     

Distribution behavior of phosphorus in the coal-based reduction of high-phosphorus-content oolitic iron ore

This study focuses on the reduction of phosphorus from high-phosphorus-content oolitic iron ore via coal-based reduction. The distribution behavior of phosphorus (i.e., the phosphorus content and the phosphorus distribution ratio in the metal, slag, and gas phases) during reduction was investigated in detail. Experimental results showed that the distribution behavior of phosphorus was strongly influenced by the reduction temperature, the reduction time, and the C/O molar ratio. A higher temperature and a longer reaction time were more favorable for phosphorus reduction and enrichment in the metal phase. An increase in the C/O ratio improved phosphorus reduction but also hindered the mass transfer of the reduced phosphorus when the C/O ratio exceeded 2.0. According to scanning electron microscopy analysis, the iron ore was transformed from an integral structure to metal and slag fractions during the reduction process. Apatite in the ore was reduced to P, and the reduced P was mainly enriched in the metal phase. These results suggest that the proposed method may enable utilization of high-phosphorus-content oolitic iron ore resources.     

石油焦作还原剂对低品位红土镍矿与赤泥共还原制备镍铁的影响

石油焦作为工业固体废物,其堆积和储存对生态环境产生巨大的影响。本文对石油焦在低品位红土镍矿与赤泥共还原过程中用作还原剂的可行性及其机理进行了研究。通过研究石油焦用量、焙烧温度和焙烧时间等对红土镍矿与赤泥共还原过程的影响,确定最佳的工艺条件为石油焦用量20wt%、焙烧温度1250°C、焙烧时间60 min。在此条件下,可以获得镍品位1.96wt%、铁品位85.76wt%、镍回收率97.83wt%、铁回收率96.81wt%的镍铁产品。扫描电镜和能谱(SEM–EDS)分析结果表明,红土镍矿与赤泥共还原过程中镍和铁主要以镍铁颗粒的形式存在,镍铁颗粒分布均匀且纯度很高,粒径约30 μm。结果表明,石油焦作为还原剂用于红土镍矿和赤泥共还原是可行的,与无烟煤作还原剂相比,石油焦具有成本低的优点。研究结果不仅为石油焦的利用提供了一个新途径,同时也为缺煤地区红土镍矿与赤泥共还原工艺的利用提供了一种解决方案。     

钒钛磁铁矿固态还原的研究

研究了钒钛磁铁矿的固态还原过程及影响因素,讨论了磨矿粒度、还原温度和配碳量对固态还原金属化率及还原后炉料中钛走向的影响.采用煤基直接还原工艺流程,能够将钒钛磁铁矿中铁的氧化物还原为金属铁,然后通过磁选,可实现钛、铁的有效分离.实验结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:还原温度1 100℃,配碳量为1∶1,磨矿粒度控制在75~150μm之间.在此工艺条件下得到铁的金属化率和渣中钛的质量分数分别在80%和36%以上.该工艺为我国大批量钒钛磁铁矿的开发利用提供了新途径.     

齐大山铁尾矿粉磨特性

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和激光粒度仪(LPS)研究齐大山磨细铁尾矿的颗粒形貌和粒度分布特征,并以比表面积为评价指标,比较了铁尾矿与水淬高炉渣的易磨性.结果表明:铁尾矿的易磨性远远优于水淬高炉渣;铁尾矿经实验用球磨机粉磨140min后,能够填充水泥粉体堆积结构间隙的粒径小于5μm的颗粒质量分数为62.60%,并且还含有大量亚微米级和纳米级颗粒.     

A method for recovery of iron,titanium, and vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite

An innovative method for recovering valuable elements from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite is proposed. This method involves two procedures:low-temperature roasting of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite and water leaching of roasting slag. During the roasting process, the reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, the sodium oxidation of vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate, and the smelting separation of metallic iron and slag were accomplished simultaneously. Optimal roasting conditions for iron/slag separation were achieved with a mixture thickness of 42.5 mm, a roasting temperature of 1200℃, a residence time of 2 h, a molar ratio of C/O of 1.7, and a sodium carbonate addition of 70wt%, as well as with the use of anthracite as a reductant. Under the optimal conditions, 93.67% iron from the raw ore was recovered in the form of iron nugget with 95.44% iron grade. After a water leaching process, 85.61% of the vanadium from the roasting slag was leached, confirming the sodium oxidation of most of the vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate during the roasting process. The total recoveries of iron, vanadium, and titanium were 93.67%, 72.68%, and 99.72%, respectively.     

基于数字图像处理的铁矿石深度还原评价方法

复杂难选铁矿石深度还原包含铁氧化物还原和铁颗粒长大两个过程,目前的评价指标金属化率仅能评价铁氧化物的还原程度,并不能对铁颗粒的粒度特征进行有效评价.为了建立完整的深度还原评价体系,将数字处理技术引入铁颗粒的检测过程,采用数码反光显微镜获取深度还原物料的数字图像,通过处理得到铁颗粒的二维特征参数,结合铁颗粒的球形特征,推导了铁颗粒累计粒度特性曲线的计算方法.实际应用试验表明,铁粉的分选指标和铁颗粒粒度的变化趋势保持高度一致,基于数字图像处理的铁矿石深度还原评价方法是可行的.     

高温气流中铁矿粉热分解和还原行为数学模型

为研究伴随高温气流下落过程中铁矿粉的热分解和还原行为的规律,在气粉两相流运动方程基础上,联立热分解、还原反应的动力学方程,以及气流、粉粒和炉壁之间的传热方程,建立了该过程的一维数学模型,应用计算机求解数学模型,求得各种条件下的出口反应率均与实测值符合很好,证明了本模型的适用性,进一步应用该模型研究了气体流量、组成、炉温及粉矿、粒度等实验条件对粉矿的停留时间、升降温曲线及反应行为的影响,从理论上解释了不同实验条件下的实验结果。     

颗粒粒径对流态化还原铁矿粉黏结失流的影响

采用热态可视化流化床装置，在一定表观气速条件下，研究1073 K温度时不同粒级铁矿粉的黏结失流。根据对黏结失流影响程度的不同，可将矿粉颗粒分为三个粒径区间：中性气氛升温过程中失流的小粒径颗粒；还原至较低金属化率发生失流的中间粒径颗粒；还原至高金属化率也不发生失流的大粒径颗粒。分别对他们不同的影响机理进行了分析。研究还发现在正常流化条件下，随着矿粉颗粒粒径的增大，还原失流后床层的膨胀幅度会减小。     

鲕状赤铁矿悬浮焙烧的磁性研究

针对鄂西某鲕状赤铁矿进行悬浮焙烧研究,并采用振动样品磁强计、X射线衍射分析仪、穆斯堡尔谱仪分析还原温度、还原时间、氧化温度、颗粒粒度对焙烧物料磁性和物相组成的影响规律.结果表明:铁矿石经悬浮焙烧后磁性明显增强,且焙烧物料磁性与强磁性铁矿物的含量呈正比.当还原温度为550~650℃时,还原物料的磁化强度和比磁化率随还原温度的升高而升高,超过700℃后则随之降低.延长还原时间可提高还原物料的磁化强度和比磁化率.焙烧物料中γ-Fe2O3含量随氧化温度升高而增加,在氧化温度为350℃时物料中γ-Fe2O3的含量达到最大值.当焙烧物料颗粒粒度小于15μm时,颗粒的磁化强度和比磁化率随之降低,而剩磁和矫顽力则随之增加.     

Kinetic studies on the reduction of iron ore nuggets by devolatilization of lean-grade coal

An isothermal kinetic study of a novel technique for reducing agglomerated iron ore by volatiles released by pyrolysis of lean-grade non-coking coal was carried out at temperature from 1050 to 1200°C for 10–120 min. The reduced samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and chemical analysis. A good degree of metallization and reduction was achieved. Gas diffusion through the solid was identified as the reaction-rate-controlling resistance; however, during the initial period, particularly at lower temperatures, resistance to interfacial chemical reaction was also significant, though not dominant. The apparent rate constant was observed to increase marginally with decreasing size of the particles constituting the nuggets. The apparent activation energy of reduction was estimated to be in the range from 49.640 to 51.220 kJ/mol and was not observed to be affected by the particle size. The sulfur and carbon contents in the reduced samples were also determined.     

用综合加权评分法优化高铬型钒钛矿电热熔分工艺

以气基竖炉还原得到的金属化率为95%的高铬型钒钛磁铁矿球团为原料,在高频感应炉内进行电热熔分深度还原.设计了三因素三水平正交试验,重点考察熔分温度、熔分时间及二元碱度对熔分效果的影响,并运用综合加权评分法对试验结果进行分析,发现熔分后可获得含钒、铬铁块和高钛渣.适宜的高铬型钒钛磁铁矿电热熔分参数为:二元碱度1.1,熔分温度1 650℃,熔分时间45 min.对熔分综合指标影响大小依次为二元碱度熔分温度熔分时间.另外,分析二元碱度对熔分效果的影响规律及作用机理可知,随碱度增大,铁、钒、铬及钛的收得率呈先上升后下降的趋势,在二元碱度为1.1时,高铬型钒钛矿熔分效果最好.     

重点钢铁厂铁矿石还原及焦炭气化的藕合反应

通过在模拟高炉温度和煤气成分变化的条下,对我国重点钢铁厂铁矿石还原及焦炭气化的藕合反应研究,阐明了焦炭气化与铁矿石还原与反应历程有关。分析预测高炉冶炼效果除考虑恒定温度和恒定煤气成分下焦炭与铁矿石冶金性能外,还应考虑焦炭与铁矿石藕合反应过程CO过剩量。研究表明宝钢、首钢、本钢、鞍钢CO过剩系数ηc较小,煤气利用好;包钢、重钢和梅山冶金公司ηco较大,煤气利用较差。     

煤基直接还原—磁选超微细贫赤铁矿新工艺

针对某种超微细粒贫赤铁矿难选的特点,开发了煤基直接还原一磁选新工艺,制备出高品位铁精矿。采用预热团块煤基直接还原工艺制取高金属化率的直接还原团块,经磨矿一磁选,得到高品位高金属化率的铁精矿,从而为开发利用微细粒嵌布复杂低品位铁矿提供了理论依据。通过对还原温度、还原时间及C与Fe质量比等条件的优化,得到金属化率93．72％的还原矿,经三段磨矿一三段磁选得到Fe似为69．54％,金属化率为98．01％,且有害杂质含量少的铁精矿。该工艺所得的高金属化率的铁精矿可直接作为转炉炼钢的原料。     

A new microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater

This research provides a new insight into designing next-generation filtration materials for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater, and potentially for gas/solid or liquid/solid separation in corrosive environment. Considering the high corrosion and oxidation resistance, Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy and used as a mechanical support with a pore size of around 10 ?μm. Subsequently, metallic Zn nanoparticles was coated on the Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous framework by means of chemical vapor deposition, obtaining a novel microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture. Furthermore, the influence of Zn coating on surface morphology, pore feature, and filtration capability of Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was investigated. It is of note that the as-prepared microfiltration membrane exhibits an excellent Nano-pollutants filtration efficiency of greater than 99.989% from wastewater. Most importantly, such a three-dimensional reticular architecture provides excellent structural stability, allowing the reutilization of the microfiltration membrane for at least 200 filtration cycles of wastewater treatment.     

钒钛磁铁矿金属化还原-选分-电热熔分新工艺

针对攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿进行了金属化还原-选分-电热炉熔分实验,考察了磁场强度、还原温度、还原时间、配碳比、还原煤粒度对金属化还原及磁选分离效果的影响.实验结果表明,当磁场强度50mT、还原温度1350℃、还原时间60min、配碳比10、还原煤粒度为-75μm时,金属化还原后产物及磁选分离磁性物质、非磁性物质的各项指标最佳,进一步进行电热炉熔分可实现铁钒分离.新工艺达到铁钒钛资源高效分离要求,铁钒钛收得率分别为9507%,7160%和8008%.