38CrMoAl高铝钢钢水可浇性控制

38CrMoAl高铝钢由于Al含量较高([Al]=0.7%～1.1%,质量分数),在连铸过程中容易导致水口的堵塞,因此需要对钢中Al2O3夹杂物进行形态控制,保证钢水的可浇性.热力学计算和实验研究结果显示:钢中高含量的Al对渣中即使少量的SiO2都具有较强的还原性;不采用传统的精炼喂钙线工艺,而进行转炉出钢过程渣洗操作,能将高熔点的Al2O3转变为低熔点的球状钙铝酸盐夹杂.同时,采用CaO--Al2O3基中间包覆盖剂,以避免钢渣反应导致钢中夹杂物含量增加.工业性试验结果表明,钢水洁净度较高,可浇性好,连续浇注5炉后,水口内壁基本无结瘤现象.     

CaO-SiO_2-Na_2O-CaF_2-Al_2O_3-MgO渣系的粘度和结晶温度

采用CaOSiO2Na2OCaF2Al2O3MgO渣系,用差热分析仪测定熔渣的结晶温度,用粘度测定仪测定熔渣的粘度,研究结晶温度和粘度与碱度、w(Na2CO3)、w(CaF2)、w(Al2O3)和w(MgO)之间的关系,并得到相应的回归方程·利用这两个回归方程,可以预测连铸保护渣的结晶性能和粘性特征·化学成分通过改变粘度,来影响晶核形成速度和晶体成长速度,从而决定了熔渣的结晶性能·结晶温度随着粘度的减小而升高·渣系中只有MgO可以在减小粘度的同时降低结晶温度     

精炼渣成分与轴承钢夹杂物类型关系热力学分析

针对轴承钢中钙铝酸盐大型夹杂物的控制问题,通过计算GCr15轴承钢中尖晶石MgO·Al2 O3、钙的铝酸盐CaO·6Al2 O3夹杂物生成热力学,分析精炼渣成分与夹杂物类型之间的定量关系.结果表明：当钢水中含有质量分数0.10×10-6的溶解钙[Ca]时,只要溶解镁[Mg]质量分数小于10×10-6,MgO·Al2O3就会被[Ca]还原成 CaO·6Al2O3;当精炼渣碱度为7.04,(MgO)质量分数为1.38%时,钢水中溶解[Mg]质量分数比临界[Mg]质量分数低56%,夹杂物以尺寸大于10μm的CaO-Al2O3系复合夹杂为主;当精炼渣碱度为3.75,(MgO)质量分数3.14%时,钢水中溶解[Mg]质量分数比临界[Mg]质量分数低14%,夹杂物以尺寸小于8μm的MnS包裹MgO·Al2 O3复合夹杂为主;当精炼渣钙铝比C/A为1.8~2.0时,控制精炼渣碱度R为4.5~5.5,(MgO)质量分数为3%~5%,即能使钢中MgO·Al2O3保持稳定而不转变为CaO·6Al2O3.     

Novel mechanism for the modification of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-based inclusions in ultra-low carbon Al-killed steel considering the effects of magnesium and calcium

Many researchers have explored the inclusion modification mechanism to improve non-metallic inclusion modifications in steelmaking. In this study, two types of industrial trials on inclusion modifications in liquid steel were conducted using ultra-low-carbon Al-killed steel with different Mg and Ca contents to verify the effects of Ca and Mg contents on the modification mechanism of Al₂O₃-based inclusions during secondary refining. The results showed that Al₂O₃-based inclusions can be modified into liquid calcium aluminate or a multi-component inclusion with the addition of a suitable amount of Ca. In addition,[Mg] in liquid steel can further reduce CaO in liquid calcium aluminate to drive its evolution into CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃ multi-component inclusions. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the reaction between[Mg] and CaO in liquid calcium aluminate occurs when the MgO content of liquid calcium aluminate is less than 3wt% and the temperature is higher than 1843 K.     

CaO-Al2O3和CaO-SiO2-Al2O3渣系中组元活度的计算

根据分子和离子共存理论,建立了CaO-Al2O3和CaO-SiO2-Al2O3渣系的活度计算模型,并利用模型对渣中各组元的活度进行了计算,分析了w(CaO)对渣中组元活度的影响.结果表明,在CaO-Al2O3渣系中,当w(CaO)小于45%时,随着w(CaO)的增加,3CaO·Al2O3和12CaO·7Al2O3的活度不断升高,而CaO·Al2O3的活度变化不大;当w(CaO)大于45%时,随着w(CaO)的增加,CaO·Al2O3和12CaO·7Al2O3的活度不断降低,而3CaO·Al2O3的活度则略有升高.在CaO-SiO2-Al2O3渣系中,12CaO·7Al2O3的活度低于其在CaO-Al2O3渣系中的活度,随着w(CaO)的增加,CaO和3CaO·Al2O3的活度不断升高,2CaO·SiO2的活度则不断降低,CaO·Al2O3的活度呈现先升高后降低的趋势.     

含碱高炉渣排碱、脱硫能力的实验研究

为探讨高炉渣排碱、脱硫能力间的关系,根据广钢实际高炉渣成分,通过实验研究了w(CaO)/w(SiO2),w(MgO),w(Al2O3)对炉渣排碱、脱硫的影响.结果表明:w(CaO)/w(SiO2)对炉渣的排碱、脱硫能力影响较大,二者相互矛盾;w(MgO)升高,炉渣排碱能力降低,含碱炉渣最佳脱硫对应的w(MgO)比普通炉渣低3%.w(Al2O3)升高,炉渣的排碱能力变化不大,而脱硫能力迅速降低.广钢高炉适宜的炉渣成分为:w(CaO)/w(SiO2)保持在1.0,w(MgO)保持在12%,w(Al2O3)保持在15%.     

六元熔融还原渣黏度的分析

结合高效脱磷能力的熔融还原冶炼惠民高磷铁矿工艺及HIsmelt熔融还原炼铁技术的特点选取CaO-MgO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5六元熔渣作为研究对象其熔渣成分为：二元碱度R(CaO/SiO2)0.8～1.4Al2O3质量分数为6.4%～15.4%P2O5质量分数为0～3%、MgO、FeO质量分数分别为4%、6%采用纯化学试剂配制熔渣。借助扫描电子显微镜对炉渣矿物组成和微观结构进行研究采用RTW-10熔体物性综合测试仪研究熔渣成分的变化对黏度产生的影响。研究表明：该熔渣矿相结构主要以黄长石(钙铝黄长石、钙镁黄长石)为主呈方形状、粗大骨架状结构。当P2O5或Al2O3质量分数一定时随着碱度的提高熔渣的黏度降低;当碱度或P2O5质量分数一定时熔渣的黏度随Al2O3质量分数的增加而增大;当碱度或Al2O3质量分数一定时黏度均随着P2O5质量分数的增加而提高。     

富高岭石型铝土矿化学脱硅新工艺及其机理

针对富高岭石型铝土矿,首次提出了采用化学脱硅的工艺路线.研究了二氧化硅平衡溶解度与氧化铝质量浓度的变化关系,以及碱液浓度、温度和脱硅时间对矿石预脱硅率的影响.结果表明,在Na₂O质量浓度为230g·L^-1的碱溶液中,90℃化学脱硅90min,脱硅率可达70%,铝土矿的铝硅比由4.97提高到8.5以上;矿石预脱硅过程有钠硅渣的生成,导致了矿石脱硅率的降低和碱的损失;矿石中高岭石转变成钠硅渣并不会降低脱硅精矿的有效铝硅比.     

低碳含铝钢20Mn2精炼渣系CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaF2的优化

通过对低碳含铝钢20Mn2精炼过程的取样分析,得出精炼渣的熔化温度偏高,渣中存在大量固相CaO,并导致钢中含有CaO类夹杂物,精炼渣吸附夹杂物能力差. 利用FactSage热力学计算,从渣的低熔点区域控制和渣-钢反应这两个方面对渣系进行研究与优化. 结果表明,CaO/Al2 O3 质量比在1. 5左右添加质量分数为3% CaF2 可以有效降低渣的熔化温度,渣的熔化温度随着CaF2 含量的升高呈现先降低后升高的趋势,MgO的质量分数控制5%左右低熔点区域面积达到最大. 在SiO2 质量分数大于30%区域,钢中氧含量大体上随着CaO/Al2 O3 质量比的增加而降低,在SiO2 的质量分数低于30%区域随着CaO含量的升高而降低,钢中酸溶铝含量在SiO2 含量高的区域随着Al2 O3/SiO2 质量比的增加而升高,在SiO2 含量低的区域随着CaO/SiO2 质量比的增加而增加. 根据热力学分析结果得出合理的渣系范围:CaO 50% ~60%, Al2 O3 20% ~35%, SiO2 5% ~10%, MgO 5% ~8%, CaF2 0~5%. 优化渣系的实验结果表明,优化后渣系熔化温度降低,钢中夹杂物数量、面积和平均尺寸均有明显下降.     

Preparation of ferronickel from nickel laterite via coal-based reduction followed by magnetic separation

The sticking phenomenon between molten slag and refractory is one of the crucial problems when preparing ferronickel from laterite ore using rotary hearth furnace or rotary kiln processes. This study aims to ameliorate sticking problems by using silicon dioxide (SiO₂) to adjust the melting degree of the briquette during reduction roasting. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the melting temperature of the slag gradually increases with an increase in the SiO₂ proportion (SiO₂/(SiO₂ + Al₂O₃ + MgO) mass ratio). Experimental validations also prove that the briquette retains its original shape when the SiO₂ proportion is greater than 75wt%, and sticking problems are avoided during reduction. A ferronickel product with 8.33wt% Ni and 84.71wt% Fe was prepared via reductive roasting at 1500℃ for 90 min with a SiO₂ proportion of 75wt% and a C/O molar ratio of 1.0 followed by dry magnetic separation; the corresponding recoveries of Ni and Fe reached 75.70% and 77.97%, respectively. The microstructure and phase transformation of reduced briquette reveals that the aggregation and growth of ferronickel particles were not significantly affected after adding SiO₂ to the reduction process.     

Effect of Al2O3 on the viscosity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-Cr2O3 slags

We investigated the effect of Al2O3 content on the viscosity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-8wt%MgO-1wt%Cr2O3(mass ratio of CaO/SiO2 is 1.0,and Al2O3 content is 17wt%-29wt%)slags.The results show that the viscosity of the slag increases gradually with increases in the Al2O3 content in the range of 17wt%to 29wt%due to the role of Al2O3 as a network former in the polymerization of the aluminosilicate structure of the slag.With increases in the Al2O3 content from 17wt%to 29wt%,the apparent activation energy of the slags also increases from 180.85 to 210.23 kJ/mol,which is consistent with the variation in the critical temperature.The Fourier-transform infrared spectra indicate that the degree of polymerization of this slag is increased by the addition of Al2O3.The application of Iida’s model for predicting the slag viscosity in the presence of Cr2O3 indicates that the calculated viscosity values fit well with the measured values when both the temperature and Al2O3 content are at relatively low levels,i.e.,the temperature range of 1673 to 1803 K and the Al2O3 content range of 17wt%-29wt%in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-8wt%MgO-1wt%Cr2O3 slag.     

充气量对低品位铝土矿旋流-反浮选分离的影响

依据我国铝土矿的特点和旋流分选规律,对w(Al2O3)/w(SiO2)为4.39,磨矿细度为粒度小于0.074 mm占61.90%(质量分数)的铝土矿进行了旋流-反浮选试验.考察了充气量对分离过程和分离指标的影响.结果表明:在0~4.0 m3/h范围内增大充气量,轴向零速包络面向轴心收缩,分选指标变差;在同样的充气量条件下,增大入料压力有利于旋流-反浮选过程的进行,分选指标得以改善;在0~0.8 m3/h范围内增大充气量,轴向零速包络面向轴心轻微收缩,削弱矿物颗粒间基于粒度差异的分级作用,但却能在一定程度上强化它们之间基于密度和表面性质差异的分选作用,分选指标优于不充气时.     

w(MgO)/w(SiO_2)对转炉渣系微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响

为了减少转炉渣对环境的危害,提出利用熔融法制备了SiO2-CaO-MgO-Fe2O3系微晶玻璃.借助DTA,SEM和XRD等分析方法,系统探讨了w(MgO)/w(SiO2)比值对微晶玻璃的结构和弯曲强度的影响.结果表明:随着w(MgO)/w(SiO2)比值的增加,玻璃的转变温度和析晶峰温度变化较小,但微晶玻璃的物相组成发生较大变化,由普通辉石转变为透辉石,微晶玻璃内部的晶体尺寸逐渐减小,晶体分布相对均匀;微晶玻璃的弯曲强度逐渐增加.     

铂/担体催化剂中的铂化物与担体相互作用的研究

采用氢吸附,程序升温还原(TPR)相结合,分别对铂担体在Al2O3,SiO2(浸渍,离子交换),Si-Al上的催化剂经焙烧前后,催化剂的PtCl4与担体及PtO2与担体间的相互作用进行研究.结果表明:PtCl4与担体Al2O3,SiO2,Si-Al之间的相互作用的强弱顺序为Al2O3＞Si-Al＞SiO2(浸渍);氧化铂与担体之间相互作用的强弱顺序为Al2O3＞SiO2(离子交换)＞Si-Al;此关系与其H/Pt比值存在平行关系.     

Activity coefficients of NiO and CoO in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag and their application to the recycling of Ni-Co-Fe-based end-of-life superalloys via remelting

To design optimal pyrometallurgical processes for nickel and cobalt recycling, and more particularly for the end-of-life process of Ni–Co–Fe-based end-of-life (EoL) superalloys, knowledge of their activity coefficients in slags is essential. In this study, the activity coeffi-cients of NiO and CoO in CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 slag, a candidate slag used for the EoL superalloy remelting process, were measured using gas/slag/metal equilibrium experiments. These activity coefficients were then used to consider the recycling efficiency of nickel and cobalt by remelting EoL superalloys using CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 slag. The activity coefficients of NiO and CoO in CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 slag both show a positive deviation from Raoult’s law, with values that vary from 1 to 5 depending on the change in basicity. The activity coefficients of NiO and CoO peak in the slag with a composition near B = (%CaO)/(%SiO2) = 1, whereB is the basicity. We observed that controlling the slag composition at approximatelyB = 1 effectively reduces the cobalt and nickel oxidation losses and promotes the oxidation removal of iron during the remelting process of EoL superalloys.     

超低碳钢顶渣氧化性对钢液洁净度的影响

为探究降低顶渣氧化性对改善超低碳钢钢液洁净度的影响,在转炉终点至中间包过程中,在多位置取炉渣和钢水试样,分别进行炉渣氧化性、钢液成分和夹杂物分析.实验结果表明:转炉出钢后通过对顶渣改质,渣中T.Fe由转炉终点的19.18％降至RH进站时的4.68％,顶渣氧化性降低明显.渣中T.Fe降低导致钢中[O]的降低,T.Fe较低的炉次平均吹氧量较大,使得铝脱氧前钢中[O]较高.RH结束渣T.Fe与夹杂物数量呈线性关系,T.Fe越低夹杂物数量越少,同时RH结束后夹杂物数量与铝脱氧前钢中[O]无必然关系.顶渣(CaO)/(Al2O3)会影响其吸收Al2O3夹杂物的能力,(CaO)/(Al2 O3)控制不合理的炉次,其夹杂物数量也较多.通过降低顶渣氧化性,热轧板卷缺陷率得到明显降低.     

Effect of the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio and FeO content on the viscosity of CaO–SiO2–"FeO"–12wt%ZnO–3wt%Al2O3 slags

An effective process for recycling lead from hazardous waste cathode ray tubes (CRTs) funnel glass through traditional lead smelting has been presented previously. The viscous behavior of the molten high lead slag, which is affected by the addition of funnel glass, plays a critical role in determining the production efficiency. Therefore, the viscosities of the CaO–SiO2–"FeO"–12wt%ZnO–3wt%Al2O3 slags were measured in the current study using the rotating spindle method. The slag viscosity decreases as the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio is in-creased from 0.8 to 1.2 and also as the FeO content is increased from 8wt% to 20wt%. The breaking temperature of the slag is lowered sub-stantially by the addition of FeO, whereas the influence of the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio on the breaking temperature is complex. The structural analysis of quenched slags using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy reveals that the silicate network structure is depolymerized with increasing CaO/SiO2 mass ratio or increasing FeO content. The [FeO6]-octahedra in the slag melt increase as the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio or the FeO content increases. This increase can further decrease the degree of polymerization (DOP) of the slag. Furthermore, the activation energy for viscous flow decreases both with increasing CaO/SiO2 mass ratio and increasing FeO content.     

A method for recovery of iron,titanium, and vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite

An innovative method for recovering valuable elements from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite is proposed. This method involves two procedures:low-temperature roasting of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite and water leaching of roasting slag. During the roasting process, the reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, the sodium oxidation of vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate, and the smelting separation of metallic iron and slag were accomplished simultaneously. Optimal roasting conditions for iron/slag separation were achieved with a mixture thickness of 42.5 mm, a roasting temperature of 1200℃, a residence time of 2 h, a molar ratio of C/O of 1.7, and a sodium carbonate addition of 70wt%, as well as with the use of anthracite as a reductant. Under the optimal conditions, 93.67% iron from the raw ore was recovered in the form of iron nugget with 95.44% iron grade. After a water leaching process, 85.61% of the vanadium from the roasting slag was leached, confirming the sodium oxidation of most of the vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate during the roasting process. The total recoveries of iron, vanadium, and titanium were 93.67%, 72.68%, and 99.72%, respectively.     

保护渣组分对部分稳定氧化锆原料高温稳定性的影响

选择CaO稳定氧化锆、CaO-Y2O3复合稳定氧化锆、Y2O3稳定氧化锆和MgO稳定氧化锆原料为研究对象,借助X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分析Al2O3、SiO2、Fe3O4、MnO2及3种不同组分的结晶器保护渣对这些原料高温稳定性的影响。结果表明,部分稳定氧化锆原料的高温稳定性主要取决于其稳定剂与渣组分的反应程度;高碱度渣有利于保持部分稳定氧化锆原料的稳定性。     

F对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2三元系铝酸钙熟料烧结和浸出性能的影响

以分析纯化学试剂为原料,研究了不同F含量的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2三元系铝酸钙熟料的自粉性能、烧结规律和Al2O3的浸出性能,并通过XRF,XRD,SEM-EDS等手段探索了其作用机理.结果表明:F的加入不影响β-2CaO·SiO2向γ-2CaO·SiO2转变,熟料的自粉性良好;F对铝酸钙熟料的物相组成产生明显影响,促进2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2和11CaO·7Al2O3·CaF2相的生成,并减少12CaO·7Al2O3,CaO·Al2O3相的生成;生成的2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2进入渣中造成Al2O3浸出率降低;当F的质量分数为0~20%时,Al2O3的浸出率随着F含量的增加急剧下降,由9501%降至70%左右;铝酸钙熟料中F的质量分数应低于05%.