高性能导电高分子PEDOT/PSS研究进展

高电导率、对空气和水高度稳定、可溶液加工处理、成本低一直是导电高分子研究领域研究人员追求的目标.经过20多年的研究发现聚噻吩的衍生物聚（二氧乙撑噻吩）与聚对苯乙烯磺酸（简写PEDOT/PSS）可以在水中形成稳定的悬浮液,涂布后可以形成高性能的导电膜,电导率可达103 S cm-1（掺杂适量的极性有机溶剂）,且对热、光、水、空气均具有良好的稳定性,可见光透过率良好,与其它助剂一起可以实现更优良的性能,因此在众多工业领域取得了广泛研究和应用.本文将介绍PEDOT/PSS的历史、制备方法、复合材料以及在抗静电、电致变色、有机发光二极管、太阳能电池等方面的应用.     

离子辅助反应蒸发技术室温制备ITO薄膜

室温下利用离子辅助反应蒸发法在玻璃衬底上制备高透射比、低电阻率的ITO透明导电薄膜. 实验结果表明离子辅助蒸发可以有效地降低制备温度,提高薄膜的光电特性,薄膜具有明显的(222)择优取向,晶体粒子尺寸约为21 nm;离子源屏压、通氧量及沉积速率是影响薄膜光电特性的主要因素. 室温制备的ITO薄膜电阻率为2.4×10-3 Ω·cm,可见光平均透射比大于82%.     

聚吡咯—粘胶导电纤维的研究

本文的研究建立了一种新的导电聚吡咯成形法,首次成功地制备了聚吡咯—粘胶导电纤维,最高电导率可达:2.106×10~（-2）S/cm。在导电纤维的制备过程中,影响电导率的主要因素:作为引发剂及掺杂剂的三氯化铁溶液的浓度,作为基体材料的粘胶纤维在三氯化铁溶液中的处理时间,聚合反应时间及聚合反应温度。实验结果表明:粘胶纤维经导电性处理后,其取向度和结晶度保持不变,导电纤维的力学性能与基体聚合物基本相同。另外,本文还通过透射电镜对聚吡咯在粘胶纤维中的分布及其与电导率的关系作了较为详细的研究。     

烧结氛围对铜锌锡硫硒薄膜性质的影响

Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4薄膜太阳能电池吸收层的质量,受薄膜的烧结氛围影响,进而影响其电池器件的性能。利用溶液法,分别在氮气和空气两种氛围下制备Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4吸收层薄膜,系统地研究烧结氛围对Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4薄膜性质的影响。首先,采用甲胺水溶液和硫代乙醇酸的混合溶液为溶剂,依次溶解S、Sn、Zn和Cu单质,配制Cu_2ZnSnS_4前驱体溶液;然后,通过旋涂/烧结的方法,分别在氮气气氛和空气中制得Cu_2ZnSnS_4预制薄膜,进一步对预制薄膜进行高温硒化处理,得到两种氛围的Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4薄膜;最后,经过XRD、Raman、SEM、C-AFM和I-V特性曲线等测试表征。结果发现:氮气气氛的Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4薄膜晶粒尺寸较大、表面形貌更均匀、结晶性和导电率较高,薄膜质量相对更佳,说明氮气氛围更有利于制备适合于高性能电池器件的Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4吸收层薄膜。     

Effect of NaY on Microstructure and Conductivity of （PEO） 16LiCIO4-EC Composite Electrolyte

以纳米级NaY分子筛为填充剂,制备了（PEO）16LiCIOa-EC-x％NaY（x=0,3,5,8,12,20,35）全固态复合聚合物电解质薄膜．通过扫描电镜、EDS能谱和交流阻抗方法研究了NaY对（PEO）16LiCl04-EC电解质体系显微组织特征与离子导电性能的影响．结果表明,适量NaY可使PEO的球晶生长受到抑制,表面形成有利于锂离子传输的超枝状和交联网络结构,离子传输的无定形区域增大;同时,适量EC有利于NaY在聚合物基体中的均匀分布,当NaY含量为12％（质量分数）时,复合聚合物电解质的室温离子电导率达到最大值,为1．890×10-4S·cm-1     

恒电流电沉积ZnO薄膜及其光电性能研究

采用恒电流电沉积的方法,在ITO导电玻璃上制备ZnO薄膜.通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等手段,对制备出的ZnO薄膜进行表征,并研究了溶液的pH值对薄膜的光学性质的影响.结果表明,电流密度为0.175mA·cm-2、pH为4.7时,制备出的ZnO薄膜具有纤锌矿结构,薄膜表面较均匀、致密,具有很好的附着力,在可见和近红外波段透过率约为80%,禁带宽度为3.37eV.光电流测试表明薄膜的导电类型为n型.     

染料敏化太阳能电池中多孔电极制备及性能

将喷涂法应用于制备染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极,具有浆料制备简单、易操作、成本低廉等优势.本文以钛酸丁酯和P25为原料配制浆料,采用喷涂法制备二氧化钛薄膜,选择乙二醇作为造孔剂,探索了乙二醇的最佳加入量.通过对电池I-V曲线,二氧化钛薄膜表面粗糙度、染料吸附量和漫反射谱,以及光阳极的扫描电镜照片和交流阻抗图谱的分析,得到如下结果:当乙二醇与钛酸丁酯的体积比为1∶1时,二氧化钛薄膜的粗糙度最大,即孔隙率和比表面积最大,因此染料吸附量达到1.47×10-7mol·cm-2,电池性能最好,其中开路电压为0.69 V,短路电流为13.0 m A·cm-2,光电转化效率达到5.38%,比不加造孔剂时增加了将近1倍,此时电子的扩散转移电阻也最小.     

真菌吸附重金属离子的研究

利用黑曲霉和简青霉制备生物吸附剂,研究了它们对重金属Pb2 离子和Cd2 离子的吸附、解吸行为以及实验条件对吸附的影响,包括吸附剂用量、溶液pH值、吸附时间以及共存离子等因素.结果表明,黑曲霉和简青霉吸附Pb2 离子的最适pH值均为5,吸附Cd2 离子时均为3.二者对Pb2 离子的吸附均在4 h达到平衡,吸附量分别为29.07 mg·g-1和36.65 mg·g-1.Cd2 离子吸附也在约4 h达到最大吸附量,分别为26 mg·g-1和26.5mg·g-1.溶液中Zn2 离子和Cd2 离子的存在都会降低Pb2 离子的吸附量.2种吸附剂对Pb2 离子的吸附都符合Langmuir等温线模型,而对Cd2 离子的吸附都较为符合Freundlich等温线模型.1 mol/L HNO3对吸附有Pb2 离子的黑曲霉和简青霉进行解吸,解吸率分别可达77.4%和92.3%.     

LiSiPON固态薄膜电解质的结构和性能分析

以Li3PO4和Si3N4为靶材,利用离子束辅助沉积N离子流轰击法制备非晶结构的固态电解质LiSiPON薄膜.实验中,通过控制N2气和Ar气的流量比,调节薄膜的含氮量.利用X线衍射、X线能量色散谱仪和X线光电子能谱仪研究薄膜的结构和组织成分的变化,并通过电化学阻抗测试仪获得薄膜的离子电导率,研究不同氮氩比对LiSiPON薄膜结构、组成和电学性质的影响.结果表明:N2和Ar流量比为1∶1时,薄膜含氮量最高,离子电导率达到最大值,在室温时电解质薄膜的离子电导可达6.8×10-6S/cm,是一种有潜力应用于全固态薄膜锂离子电池的电解质材料.     

掺杂聚合物电解质膜性能

以型号为Kynar2801的PVDF-HFP(偏氟乙烯-六氟丙稀共聚物)为基质,制备了掺杂微米TiO2粉体的聚合物锂离子电池用多孔电解质隔膜,并采用SEM、XRD、交流阻抗法以及充放电测试等测试手段研究分析该电解质膜的物理及电化学性能. 实验结果表明:掺入质量分数6.5%的微米TiO2聚合物电解质膜的室温离子电导率为1.66×10-3S·cm-1,拉伸强度为2.78MPa;在以掺杂电解质膜为隔膜的锂离子电池中,分别以28,70,140,280mA·g-1的电流密度放电时,正极材料LiCoO2的放电容量分别为140.6,127.48,120.25,99.17mAh·g-1.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to