城市公共交通走廊动态客流分析模型

为了科学分析和评价城市公共交通走廊的客流流动规律,研究了走廊内乘客对于出发时刻及交通方式选择的问题,提出了城市公共交通走廊动态客流分析模型.模型主要由乘客出发时刻和交通方式选择组合动态均衡分配模型,以及乘客出行负效用模型两部分构成.在此基础上,设计了一套启发式算法求解该模型;并以上海市的跨江公共交通走廊为案例,验证所提出的模型和求解算法.研究结果表明,该模型能够真实反映城市公共交通走廊内客流的时空分布情况,以及行程时间、拥挤度及出行费用等因素对乘客出行选择的影响.所提出的模型可为城市公交走廊内各公共交通方式的合理搭配、运输组织模式优化提供决策支持.     

基于多源数据融合的高铁枢纽多模式换乘客流分担率估计

为实现高铁客运枢纽换乘客流分担率的精准辨识,研究结合多模式公共交通大数据,提出了一类基于广义出行链的高铁客运枢纽换乘方式选择模型.通过对不同公共交通方式换乘阶段的关联和融合,提取以高铁客运枢纽为端点的个体广义出行链,分析高铁客运枢纽换乘客流的时空分布特征;综合考虑高铁客运枢纽乘客的个体经济社会属性、主观心理因素及其个体...     

基于前景值和乘客最优理论的居民公交出行选择模型

为研究城市内居民的出行目的与公共交通工具选择的关系,运用前景理论和乘客最优理论建立了客运走廊内居民公共交通出行选择模型。调查了苏州市木渎站至钟南街站客运走廊沿线居民的出行目的,获取了居民出行目的与公共交通工具服务属性关系数据,以此数据为依据计算出各种公共交通工具的前景值,并进行模型检验,结果发现模型运行至第786代后解的质量稳定在97%,与实测值相比,模型的模拟结果与居民选择公共交通工具的行为是一致的。可见该模型为预测公共交通工具的分担量提供一种的新思路。     

基于多区域人群的上海公交走廊出行行为

基于上海市公共交通走廊内的乘客出行调查,利用离散选择理论,建立了现状调查/假设意愿调查(RP/SP)融合数据的Nested Logit模型.通过模型参数标定、敏感性分析从定性、定量两个角度研究了在城市公交走廊内,来自不同区域的出行者对于公共交通方式的出行行为及影响因素;在此基础上,分析了模型在不同空间范围内的转移适用性;最后,通过算例进行分析和验证.通过研究可知,在城市公交走廊内,影响出行者选择行为的因素不尽相同,其区域差异性不容忽视;其次,不同区域的出行者对于各公交方式的偏好存在较大差异;再次,不同区域的出行者在走廊内选择交通方式时,对于同一影响因素的敏感性有所不同.从数据获取、模型建立、标定分析及仿真验证四个步骤逐次展开,提出了针对不同区域出行者在城市公交走廊选择行为的基本方法和必要性,对未来城市公共交通走廊的规划和改进提供新的思路和方向.     

开放式小区公交微循环站点与线网综合设计

公交微循环系统是解决城市交通"最后一千米"问题的有效方案.在当前建设开放式小区的背景下,其站点选址和线网设计对于乘客、企业和社会更具有重要意义.以所有公交微循环线路总长度最小和乘客总步行距离最短为目标,以站点数量、站间距、线路长度等为约束条件,建立开放式小区公交微循环站点与线路综合设计模型,设计遗传算法求解模型.以北京市某小区为例,验证了所提出的模型和算法的正确性和有效性.最后,对模型参数和线路条数进行灵敏度分析,决策者应综合考虑企业与乘客利益,选择合理的模型参数值与布设线路条数,使决策达到最优.     

基于成本分析的快速公交发车频率优化方法

以公共交通走廊上单条快速公交线路为研究对象,建立了基于快速公交线路站点OD数据的用户成本模型及企业运营成本模型,并以总成本最小为目标函数建立了快速公交线路的发车频率优化模型,建模过程中充分考虑了时间价值对模型优化结果的影响.以常州市快速公交1号线为例对模型进行了应用研究,结果表明:随着发车频率的增加,总成本先降后升,在15 veh/h处达到最小值.因此建议高峰时间发车间隔为3～5 min;平峰时段发车间隔为6～8 min.对用户成本和企业运营成本随发车频率变化的敏感性进行了分析,得出了优化发车频率对降低乘客等车时间成本有显著的效果,而对减少乘客车内时间成本作用较小的结论,为企业在满足一定公交服务的基础上降低运营成本提供了决策依据.     

经济圈客运交通方式分担与交通分配组合模型

为优化经济圈内客运多方式交通网络结构,建立了交通方式分担与交通分配组合模型,研究经济圈内多方式交通网络均衡时乘客的交通方式选择问题.考虑出行时间、出行费用、舒适度等影响乘客出行方式选择的因素,分析了铁路和公路2种存在主要竞争关系的出行方式的广义出行费用.结合我国经济圈内城际客运出行特征,给出了经济圈内多方式交通网络均衡条件,构建了与该均衡条件等价的变分不等式模型,设计了求解该模型的精简对角化算法.最后结合长江三角洲经济圈,应用该模型预测乘客选择铁路和公路出行方式的比例.结果表明,模型和求解算法有效,能够从用户最优的角度为合理配置经济圈内多种交通方式提供量化依据.     

综合客运枢纽内各方式协调调度模型研究

以乘客费用最小为优化目标, 以各种客运方式（地铁、轻轨和常规公交）的发车间隔为决策变量, 以各方式的车辆配置及各方式间的运能匹配为约束条件, 建立了综合客运枢纽各方式协调调度模型, 利用Matlab遗传算法工具箱对模型进行求解, 并以北京市西直门综合客运枢纽为例对模型进行了验证. 结果表明实施协调调度后乘客费用显著减少, 已建模型能够较好地解决枢纽内各方式间的协调调度问题.     

城市综合客运枢纽交通方式换乘分担率模型

为确定城市综合客运枢纽各交通方式的分担率,以RP/SP数据为基础,引入随机效用理论,考虑时间、费用、出行目的和收入4种因素对方式选择的影响,构建了综合客运枢纽内多方式两两交叉换乘分担率模型,并应用于深圳福田客运枢纽。应用结果表明:公交与地铁等公共交通方式分担了将近80%的客流,周末出租车分担率显著高出工作日;模型能够更有效地计算枢纽内一种交通方式换乘某一特定交通方式的选择概率,并计算枢纽内各运输方式的换乘分担率,为城市综合客运枢纽的规划提供决策支撑。     

综合客运枢纽内各方式协调调度模型

以乘客费用最小为优化目标,以各种客运方式(地铁、轻轨和常规公交)的发车间隔为决策变量,以各方式的车辆配置及各方式间的运能匹配为约束条件,建立了综合客运枢纽内各方式协调的调度模型,利用Matlab遗传算法工具箱对模型进行求解,并以北京市西直门综合客运枢纽为例对模型进行验证.结果表明,实施协调调度后乘客费用显著减少,所建立的模型能够较好地解决枢纽内各方式间的协调调度问题.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that