隔热智能窗用W掺杂VO_2热致变色涂层的制备与表征

以低毒的硫酸氧钒为钒源、白钨酸为钨源,采用温和的液相法制备了钨掺杂柠檬酸氧钒铵前驱体;借助溶胶凝胶镀膜技术与500℃、Ar气气氛低温烧结制备了W掺杂VO_2涂层。研究发现,涂层中W~(6+)引入及V~(3+)产生有效降低了VO_2单斜相向四方相转变所需的热能势垒,同时也使得四方相可以在较低温度下存在。因此,随W掺杂量由0 at.%逐渐增加至5 at.%,涂层相变温度由44.8℃逐渐降低至36.9℃.然而,W掺杂使涂层物相由纯单斜相转变为单斜与四方相共存。涂层中单斜相含量降低导致了其近红外调控能力和太阳能转换效率均呈现单调下降趋势,分别由44.9%和8.5%(无掺杂)降低至12.0%与6.9%(W掺杂量为5 at.%).     

铈掺杂ATO（Ce-ATO）纳米粉体的制备及表征

采用自蔓延燃烧法制备出Ce掺杂的ATO (Ce-ATO)纳米粉体.利用XRD、SEM对粉体的结构及粒径进行了表征.研究了Ce掺杂量、滴定终点pH值、煅烧温度与煅烧时间对粉体晶型结构与粉体粒度及性能的影响,发现当Ce掺杂量为4%,滴定终点pH为7,在600℃下煅烧2h得到的粉体性能最好.此条件下制备的Ce-ATO粉体晶粒尺寸分布为18~22nm,且Ce-ATO粉体的电阻率为9.72?cm     

应用Ti掺杂提高VO2薄膜太阳光红外能量调制能力

二氧化钒薄膜独特的半导体-金属相变特性使其在智能窗等领域有着广阔的应用前景。该研究采用直流反应共溅射技术沉积二氧化钒薄膜,通过调节Ti靶的放电电流,实现了VO_2薄膜不同量的Ti掺杂。并用X射线衍射仪、微区拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、分光光度计与四探针测量系统对样品微结构及相变特性进行表征,分析不同Ti掺杂量对VO_2薄膜微结构、表面形貌、相变温度、红外调制率的影响。研究结果表明,在Ti靶15 mA放电电流下掺杂的样品,太阳能调制能力有明显提高,达13.8%,但是过高的Ti掺杂则会使VO_2薄膜相变性能弱化甚至消失。     

新型复合材料CaSO4TiO2的制备及性能研究

首次以硫酸氧钛、氧化钙为原料,进一步改进制备过程,采用沉淀水解法制备CaSO4/TiO2复合材料,并用XRD、EDX、TG-DTG等进行了表征,通过探讨不同条件如：煅烧温度、催化剂投加量、光照时间及反应过程等对光催化降解活性大红的影响。结果表明：复合粉体经500 ℃煅烧后的光催化效果最佳,当催化剂投加量为3 g/L,紫外灯照射60 min,降解率可达到90.37%。     

掺氟和银的二氧化钛复合抗菌粉体的制备及表征

在H2TiF6溶液中添加适量硝酸银,通过热解法制备掺氟和银二氧化钛复合抗菌粉体,采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜等手段对复合粉体的结构、成分、粒径、形貌等性质进行表征,采用抑菌圈法对抗菌性进行分析.结果表明:于400～600℃煅烧后的复合粉体颗粒均匀细小,粒径在10～30 nm之间:煅烧温度升高,粉体中氟含量降低,颗粒粒径增大,颗粒轮廓逐渐清晰,颗粒晶形趋于完整;于500℃煅烧时,二氧化钛由锐钛型向金红石型转变;煅烧温度对复合粉体的光谱吸收性能影响不明显,氟、银离子掺杂未使二氧化钛吸收带边产生红移;随着煅烧温度的升高,从复合粉体中溶出的离子减少,抗菌活性也因可溶出离子数量的减少而有所下降.     

ZnO半导体粉体制备工艺与电阻率的关系

采用固相合成法制备了氧化铝掺杂的氧化锌半导体粉体,通过X-射线衍射分析,探讨了掺杂量、煅烧温度和保温时间对粉体导电性能的影响.实验发现:Al2O3的掺杂量高于0.5%(摩尔比)时,会生成ZnAl2O4尖晶石相,降低ZnO的电导率;在一定的温度和保温时间下,才能保证有足够的Al3 进入ZnO的晶格,从而获得电阻率比较低的ZnO半导体粉体;温度过高和保温时间过长都会导致Al2O3与ZnO反应生成尖晶石,减少Al3 对Zn2 的置换率,并对电子产生散射,从而导致ZnO半导体粉体的电阻率升高;当Al2O3掺杂量为ZnO的0.5%(摩尔比)时,在1300℃下保温3h所得到的ZnO粉体的电阻率为18kΩ.cm.     

钨摻杂氧化钒基非制冷红外探测器性能研究

氧化钒(VOx)作为热敏材料已经广泛应用在非制冷红外探测器中,其中热敏材料的性能对于最终器件性能的影响尤为关键。为了研究钨元素摻杂对氧化钒热敏薄膜材料的相变温度、热滞宽度、低温时的电阻温度系数的影响以及对探测器性能指标的影响,利用微电子加工工艺制备了钨摻杂与非钨摻杂氧化钒溅射薄膜红外探测器件,并利用黑体测试系统结合锁相放大器和频谱分析仪对器件性能指标进行了测试。结果表明,相比非钨掺杂器件,钨掺杂器件的相变温度降低了16℃左右,热滞宽度缩短了5℃左右,器件的响应电压则提高了0.15 m V,单位带宽噪声均方根电压降低了15 n V·Hz-1/2,从而使器件探测率提高。当辐射信号的调制频率为80 Hz时,非钨掺杂氧化钒探测器的探测率D*值为1.67×108cm·Hz1/2/W,而钨掺杂氧化钒探测器的探测率D*值为1.85×108cm·Hz1/2/W。可见,钨掺杂氧化钒探测器的探测率较非钨掺杂氧化钒探测器的探测率高。     

ATO粉体的制备工艺及其导电性能的研究

以SnCl4·5H2O和SbCl3为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制备纳米ATO粉体,考察了pH值、氨水体积比、锑的掺杂量、煅烧温度及煅烧时间对粉体导电性能的影响.运用DDS-12A型数显电导率仪测试了ATO粉体的电导率,运用了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等测试方法对粉体的晶型、粒径及形貌进行了表征.研究结果表明,氨水体积比为1∶3,pH值为8,煅烧温度600℃,煅烧时间4 h时所制备的纳米ATO粉体电导率值最大,即导电性能最佳.     

Y2O3-Al反应合成YAG相变分析

针对高纯Y2O3和Al粉体之间发生的相变和Y2O3-Al粉体固相反应法制备的YAG粉体进行了研究。Y2O3-Al粉体在摩尔比3∶10和转速200 r/min条件下球磨12 h,在1 200℃空气中煅烧2 h生成YAG粉体。采用DTA-TG表征混合的Y2O3-Al粉体热物性,并采用XRD、SEM表征混合的Y2O3-Al粉体、YAG粉体特性。实验表明：Y2O3-Al粉体在569℃时,Al粉氧化显著,Al氧化物继续与Y2O3粉反应;600℃煅烧后出现YAM相,800℃煅烧后显现YAP相,1 200℃煅烧生成YAG粉体;混合的Y2O3-Al粉体和煅烧的YAG粉体粒径均为亚微米级,粉体存在软团聚。     

掺镧纳米TiO2的制备及其对光催化性能的研究

采用特殊液相沉淀法制备了掺杂纳米TiO2粉体,用XRD和TEM对其进行表征.用它做催化剂在日光作用下对亚甲基蓝进行了光催化实验,研究了掺杂量、焙烧温度及焙烧时间对光催化性能的影响,结果表明,掺镧纳米TiO2比纯TiO2光催化效果好.在同等条件下,掺镧纳米TiO2对亚甲苯蓝的降解率最多要比纯TiO2提高30%左右.其中掺镧2%的纳米TiO2在焙烧温度600 ℃,焙烧时间30 min时,效果最佳.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to