培养条件对重组毕赤酵母高密度表达猪胰岛素前体的影响

研究了基因工程菌P ich ia p astotis高密度、高表达的培养条件。在全合成摇瓶培养基的基础上,考察了诱导过程中甲醇浓度、温度、pH、(NH4)2SO4及磷酸盐浓度等因素对猪胰岛素前体(P IP)表达的影响。研究表明:甲醇的最佳诱导浓度为6 g/L,过高或过低的甲醇浓度都不利于菌体生长和蛋白表达;在菌体生长和蛋白表达阶段,pH应分别控制在5.5和4.0;诱导阶段,培养温度下降到28°C,可以提高重组蛋白质的表达量。上述结果用于15 L全自动发酵罐实验,P IP表达水平达到了1.69 g/L,是摇瓶结果的17倍。     

紫贻贝多糖酶法制备工艺研究

用木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶分别提取紫贻贝粗多糖,以及木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶复合酶提紫贻贝粗多糖,木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶复合酶提紫贻贝粗多糖。并分析研究加酶量、料液比、pH和温度对紫贻贝提取率的影响。结果显示:木瓜蛋白酶最佳加酶量1%,料液比1:15 g/m L,pH为7,温度为60℃。提取率为6.65%。中性蛋白酶最佳为加酶量2%,料液比1:15 g/m L,pH为7,温度为50℃,提取率为5.52%。碱性蛋白酶最佳加酶量为2%,料液比1:15 g/m L,pH为10,温度为50℃,提取率为6.89%。木瓜蛋白酶与中性蛋白酶两步联合酶提取最佳提取条件为加酶量1%,料液比1:20 g/m L,pH为7,温度为50℃,此条件下提取率为6.86%。木瓜蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶两步联合酶提最佳提取条件为加酶量1%,料液比1:20 g/m L,木瓜蛋白酶缓冲液pH为7,碱性蛋白酶缓冲液pH为10,温度为50℃,此条件下提取率为7.27%。     

温度诱导模式对重组大肠杆菌质粒拷贝数的影响

对于大肠杆菌温度表达系统,温度的选择和变化对外源基因的表达至关重要,最直接的因素表现在对质粒拷贝数的影响上。本文通过重组大肠杆菌DH 5α表达载脂蛋白A I-M ilano来分析不同温度诱导模式对质粒拷贝数的影响,确立了二次升温诱导(30°C→42°C→37°C→42°C)有利于菌体质粒拷贝数的增加,从而提高目的蛋白的表达量,结果表明:二次升温诱导比一次升温诱导蛋白表达量增加80%。     

农杆菌介导的ACC氧化酶反义基因转化甜瓜品种河套蜜瓜的研究

将从甜瓜品种河套蜜瓜中克隆的ACC氧化酶基因cDNA片段反向构建到植物表达载体pROK II中,获得重组质粒pRACO 1,用三亲融合法将其导入根癌农杆菌LBA 4404中,转化河套蜜瓜子叶外植体,在芽诱导培养基M S IAA 0.8 m g/L BA 1.0 m g/L ABA 0.26 m g/L C ef 500 m g/L K an 75 m g/L中诱导生芽,待芽长到2cm左右转入M S IBA 0.5 m g/L C ef 300 m g/L K an 50 m g/L的培养基中诱导生根,1~2周后可诱导产生大量的根,形成完整的转化小植株.经PCR检测证明,目的基因已整合到河套蜜瓜的基因组中.     

三相分离甾短杆菌胆固醇氧化酶及其性质

三相分离(TPP)是将硫酸铵与叔丁醇混合后形成有机相、中间沉淀相和水相。在20°C,调节发酵上清液的pH至6.0,加入硫酸铵使终浓度为400 g/L,溶解后加入与上清液等体积的叔丁醇,静置1 h分相,胆固醇氧化酶在有机相和水相之间形成蛋白沉淀,12 000 r/min离心10 min收集中间蛋白相,用pH 7.5,10 mmol/L的磷酸缓冲液溶解。结果表明:利用三相分离技术从乳化体系中分离纯化胆固醇氧化酶,比酶活提高了3.49倍,收率达93%。回收的酶液进一步经过DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow纯化,比酶活从3.56 U/mg提高到30.15 U/mg。该酶最适反应温度为60°C,最适反应pH为7.5,酶的等电点为8.5,该酶在37°C,pH 6.0~8.0较为稳定。Hg2 和Ag 离子完全抑制胆固醇氧化酶的活性。     

新型rPA(K)原核表达载体的构建及初步表达

利用PCR技术,获得了rPA(K)cDNA片段,将其克隆至pET-30a( ),成功构建了新型的rPA(K)原核载体pLrA(K),并实现了其在大肠杆菌中的初步表达,经IPTG(终浓度为1 mmol/L)分别于37℃诱导1,2,3 h后,以Bio-Rad凝胶成像仪分析目的蛋白,相对含量分别是19%,15.8%和24.3%,平均密度分别是0.13,0.14和0.16,IPTG诱导3 h后蛋白表达量最高.ELISA结果显示表达产物与抗t-PA抗体呈现特异性阳性反应,进一步参考标准曲线得出样品中rPA(K)的平均含量为210 μg/L.     

酶解鲭鱼罐头蒸煮液制备生物活性肽

以鲭鱼罐头蒸煮液为研究对象,从风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶中筛得最佳酶为风味蛋白酶,通过单因素实验和正交试验确定风味蛋白酶的最佳酶解工艺为:5 g底物(即5 m L蒸煮液)、加酶量28.6 mg/m L、时间5 h、p H值6.0、温度50℃.按最佳工艺条件酶解,并经小分子电泳分析,证明蒸煮液主要蛋白被风味蛋白酶高效酶解;所得生物活性肽酶解液具有较好的抗氧化活性,其DPPH自由基清除活性的IC50值为31.35 mg/m L;羟自由基清除活性的IC50值为9.807 mg/m L;还原力的IC50值为7.019 mg/m L.     

长蛸胃肠道产蛋白酶菌的筛选及粗酶性质研究

通过透明圈法从长蛸胃肠道内筛选出4株产蛋白酶的菌株, L 1、L 2、L 3、L 5, 采用偶氮酪蛋白法测定粗酶液蛋白酶活力, 采用SDS PEAG活性电泳测定粗酶液中具有蛋白水解活性的蛋白酶的种类及分子量. 菌株L 2产蛋白酶比酶活最高, 达到4.80U/μg, 菌株L 1比酶活最低为3.31 U/μg. 菌株L 2粗酶液中含有4种酶活较高的蛋白酶, 分子量分别为105.2、86.9、69.3、37.8kD, 其他3株菌株的粗酶液中各蛋白酶分子量相近. 菌株L 1和L 2蛋白酶最佳反应温度为40℃, 最佳反应pH为8.0; L 3产蛋白酶的最佳反应温度为50℃, 最佳pH为7.0; 菌株L 5产蛋白酶在温度为60℃, pH为8.5时有最大酶活力.     

瑞替普酶在乳酸乳球菌中的表达

为建立溶栓药物瑞替普酶(r PA)的乳酸菌表达系统,从实验室前期构建的大肠杆菌表达质粒p ET22b-rpa上扩增出目的基因rpa,将该基因与乳酸菌表达质粒pCYT连接,构建了pCYT-rpa质粒.此外,为提高r PA在乳酸乳球菌NZ9000中的稳定性,同时构建了rpa位于葡萄球菌(Staphylococcal)耐热核酸酶基因nuc下游融合表达的重组质粒pCYT-nuc-rpa.将质粒p CYT-rpa和p CYT-nuc-rpa分别电转化至乳酸乳球菌NZ9000中,经Nisin诱导表达,Western blot结果显示Nuc可提高r PA在乳酸乳球菌中的稳定性,从而增加了rPA在乳酸菌中的表达量.重组r PA及Nuc-rPA在复性后均具有溶栓活性,活性分别为800,U/L和1,000,U/L.     

pH渐变条件下双酶协同水解大豆蛋白

研究了在没有外加碱的pH渐变条件下．用枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase 2．4L,酶活力2．4AU/g)和黑曲霉酸性蛋白酶(酶活力3000u／g)双酶协同水解从大豆蛋白制备寡肽(10个氨基酸以下的肽)水解物的可行性．考察了单酶单因素水解条件、双酶加入方式对大豆蛋白降解率和蛋白质水解度的影响,并在此基础上通过正交试验进一步优化出双酶一次性投料方案下水解大豆蛋白的最佳条件：水解温度为60℃．碱性蛋白酶加入量为每g蛋白15μL,酸性蛋白酶加入量为6％,底物浓度为40g／L,水解时间为18h．在上述最佳条件下,大豆蛋白的降解率可达76％,蛋白质的水解度可达26％,水解物中相对分子质量小于1350的寡肽达到了66％．结果表明,在不外加碱的条件下,采用双酶协同水解方法能够显著提高大豆蛋白降解率以及蛋白质水解度．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.