应用超高压技术改善降脂乳化肠的滴水损失

研究超高压处理(超高压作用压力和超高压作用时间)对降脂乳化肠滴水损失的改善作用。对不同脂肪质量分数、不同超高压作用压力及不同超高压作用时间的乳化肠进行单因素实验,利用滴水损失的测定方法来评定样品发生的品质变化。再采用响应面分析法优化乳化肠脂肪质量分数(15%,20%,25%)、超高压作用压力(150,200,250MPa)和超高压作用时间(5,6,7min)的工艺参数,建立工艺参数与滴水损失的二元回归方程。以超高压作用压力、超高压作用时间和脂肪质量分数为自变量,分别以滴水损失为响应得到的二元回归模型拟合度高,脂肪质量分数、超高压作用压力和超高压作用时间的交互作用对乳化肠的滴水损失影响显著(p<0.05)。新型超高压降脂乳化肠的最佳工艺条件为超高压作用压力198.47MPa,超高压处理时间5.92min,脂肪质量分数20.51%。与未经超高压处理的脂肪质量分数较高的对照组相比,经超高压处理的降脂乳化肠的滴水损失降低了9.71%。研究结果可为低脂肉制品的开发提供参考。     

超声波辅助凝胶化对罗非鱼糜凝胶性能的影响

分析了超声波辅助凝胶化对罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶强度的影响,发现在鱼糜低温（40℃）凝胶化时用不同功率和频率的超声波处理对鱼糜凝胶的强度有显著提高(p<0.05)。其中功率100W,频率28kHz的超声波对凝胶的强度提高最显著。超声波处理也提高了凝胶的压出水分。电泳图(SDS-PAGE)和电镜图(SEM)显示,超声波处理对鱼糜凝胶强度有显著提高的可能原因是超声波促进了蛋白质分子间的交联和交叠。响应面分析结果显示,超声波辅助凝胶化的最优条件为58℃凝胶化13min;用所建立的数学模型预测凝胶化温度和时间,结果显示与40℃凝胶化20min的常用凝胶化条件相比,超声波辅助凝胶化可以缩短凝胶化时间。     

黄原胶质量分数对受压猪肉凝胶品质的影响

将黄原胶作为脂肪替代物,采用单因素试验方法,研究超高压作用下(压力400 MPa、保压时间30 min、加压介质温度40℃)黄原胶浓度对受压猪肉凝胶保水性、色泽与质构特性的影响.结果表明,黄原胶质量分数对受压与未受压猪肉凝胶的保水性、色泽和质构参数均有显著影响(P0.05);质量分数提高,受压与未受压凝胶的保水性显著提高、各TPA参数显著下降、黄度显著增强(P0.05);在质量分数0.4%~0.6%时,受压凝胶的各质构参数均显著高于未受压组(P0.01),而在质量分数为1%时,受压凝胶的各质构参数反而显著低于未受压组(P0.05).由此说明黄原胶添加水平不同,受压凝胶的质构参数变化也不同.     

特种凝胶ZND成胶强度影响因素研究

针对油井恶性漏失的特种凝胶ZND在部分油田处理井漏问题上已经得到应用.通过室内实验研究了受ZND质量分数、交联剂质量分数、交联温度、交联时间及pH值等因素对特种凝胶ZND的成胶强度的影响.实验表明:质量分数1.5%ZND+0.04%间苯二酚+1.0%苯酚+1.0%六次甲基四胺+0.1%硫脲,经125℃高温交联16h形成的凝胶体系具有最佳成胶强度,并能在高矿化度和弱碱性环境中保持稳定性能,但当pH小于4时,凝胶将被破坏.研究结果对现场应用工艺的优化具有一定指导作用.     

RSM法优化微波场下壳聚糖降解

采用响应曲面法分析了壳聚糖质量分数、pH值以及微波辐射时间对壳聚糖相对分子质量的影响,并建立了相应的预测模型.在微波功率为528 W时,壳聚糖质量分数、pH值及微波辐射时间对壳聚糖的相对分子质量有显著的影响.相对分子质量为1.00×104的低聚壳聚糖,模型优化所得的较优工艺参数:质量分数为4.55%,pH值为7.7,辐射时间为54.8 min,对应的相对分子质量试验值为9.75×103.通过验证证明,所得到的壳聚糖降解工艺参数是可行的,并得到一个能较好预测试验结果的模型方程.     

废旧纤维板材成型工艺的优化

利用废旧纤维、传统纺织和热压设备，研究了废旧聚酯／聚丙烯纤维复合板材的成型工艺，探讨了成型温度、时间、压力等工艺参数和聚丙烯纤维质量分数对复合板材力学性能的影响。得出废旧纤维板材最佳成型条件为：聚丙烯纤维质量分数为40％、成型温度200℃、成型时间4min、成型压力10MPa，此时制备的纤维复合板材力学性能最佳，其拉伸强度为51MPa，弯曲强度为65．4MPa。     

加工工艺对玉米方便速食粥食用品质的影响

玉米方便速食粥是采用物理改性技术加工制成的方便主食品.为研究各加工工艺对速食粥食用品质的影响,以玉米粉为主要原料,采用挤压质构重组技术研究开发方便速食粥产品,并分析加工工艺对于玉米方便速食粥食用品质的影响.结果显示:各加工工艺参数对方便速食粥食用品质影响均显著,其中螺杆转速、喂料量对食用品质的影响呈先升高后降低的规律.食用品质随挤压温度的升高而降低,随水分质量分数的提高呈上升趋势.在螺杆转速220 r/min,切刀转速2 100r/min,挤压温度110℃,喂料量18 kg/h,水分质量分数33%时,产品食用品质质量较高.测试物料熟化时间后也发现,基本规律与食用品质规律相似.     

电镀方法制备锡铅焊料凸点

介绍了利用甲磺酸锡铅合金镀液制备电镀凸点的工艺过程,讨论了影响电镀质量的工艺参数：表面光亮度、分散及覆盖能力、沉积速率等．研究发现,电流密度Dk与最低搅拌转速密切相关．在相同的时间里,Dk越大,镀液的分散能力越稳定,合金的沉积速率也越高．在甲磺酸质量分数、Dk一定的条件下,适当地提高搅拌转速有利于改善凸点的电镀质量．对电镀凸点的剪切强度测试表明,电镀缺陷产生的微孔洞将会显著降低凸点的剪切强度．     

沉淀法白炭黑的分散性

提高白炭黑在轮胎橡胶中的分散性,有利于提高轮胎橡胶拉伸强度并降低其滚动阻力。本文利用高速湿法研磨,通过正交试验研究了研磨过程工艺参数对白炭黑分散性能的影响。结果表明锆球直径对白炭黑的分散性影响最大,在转速5 000r/min,分散时间80 min,锆球直径0.9mm,白炭黑质量20g,六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)质量分数2%的条件下白炭黑分散最佳,中位径(D50)可降至112nm。     

复合果蔬燕麦鸡肉脯关键工艺研究

在传统鸡肉脯生产工艺基础上改进原料预处理工艺,将果蔬和燕麦加入鸡肉脯中,研究了果蔬和燕麦的最佳添加量,并通过正交试验优化了复合鸡肉脯烤制工艺.实验结果表明,鸡肉原料预处理采用切片与斩拌混合的方式,最佳m(鸡肉片)∶m(鸡肉糜)为5∶5;果渣、燕麦和果汁的添加质量分数分别为10%,14%以及8%;腌制好的原料先在85℃下烘烤25 min,后在65℃烘烤120min;烧烤工艺采用130℃熟化5 min,即可获得色、香、味、形俱佳的复合果蔬燕麦鸡肉脯.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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