助力补偿的商用车动态转向系统恒力矩控制

针对商用车转向时转向盘力矩随转向盘转角及转向盘转速不断变化所造成的驾驶员疲劳问题,在应用动态转向系统的基础上提出转向盘力矩恒定控制方法。由转向盘转角和转速信息结合模糊算法计算助力电机补偿助力矩,并将该补偿助力矩与主助力矩相加共同控制助力电机产生助力。基于AMESim、Sinmlink与TruckSim进行联合仿真研究,以所建仿真模型为基础,通过仿真实验分析,结果表明所设计的动态转向系统控制方法实现了手力矩的恒定控制,改善了驾驶员转向时的手感,有助于减轻驾驶疲劳。     

电动客车电动助力转向回正控制策略

以增强电动客车电动助力转向系统(EPS)的回正性能为目标,提出了模糊自整定PID回正控制策略.以转向盘转角传感器和转向盘转速传感器获取的转角和转速信号为控制信号,采用模糊自整定PID方法进行回正控制,输出回正控制电压,使助力电机将转向盘迅速带到中位.综合模糊控制和PID控制的双重优点,设计了模糊PID控制器,根据所设计...     

基于LuGre模型的商用车原地转向阻力矩

商用车助力系统需要保证在原地转向时驾驶员能够转动转向盘,而此时的转向阻力矩最大,因此原地转向阻力矩是商用车助力系统设计的重要依据之一。该文对整车与转向系统进行了动力学分析,引入LuGre模型对轮胎与地面间摩擦阻力矩进行动力学分析,分别得到了重力回正力矩模型和转向摩擦阻力矩模型,从而构建了商用车原地转向阻力矩模型。借助该模型对商用车原地转向阻力矩及其与转向盘转角的关系规律进行了仿真分析,仿真与试验结果一致。结果表明:该模型能够反映出商用车原地转向阻力矩与转向盘转角之间的关系规律,可作为商用车助力系统设计的理论依据。     

轮毂驱动电动汽车的差动助力转向与回正控制

为了改善车辆转向轻便性和方向盘的回正能力,开展了利用左右车轮的转矩差实现差动助力转向和回正控制研究。首先利用转向系统模型预测方向盘力矩,根据助力特性曲线计算不同车速下的理想助力矩,由两者获得理想的方向盘力矩。以实测方向盘力矩与理想方向盘力矩的偏差作为控制目标,进而得到差动助力矩。以实现差动助力矩为目标,以横向稳定性为优化目标,基于二次规划方法对车轮驱动转矩进行最优分配,实现差动助力转向控制。最后根据方向盘转角特性,提出了差动助力转向与回正控制的结合方法。基于CarSim和MATLAB的联合仿真,证明提出的控制方法能改善车辆的转向轻便性和方向盘回正能力。     

电传动履带车辆原地转向控制与D2P实时仿真

为了提高电传动履带车辆的原地转向性能,从履带车辆原地转向动力学模型出发,提出一种基于双电机力矩控制的电传动履带车辆原地转向控制策略,首先增大电机力矩初始值以提高转向响应速度,进而将方向盘转角信号引入横摆角速度负反馈增益从而实现驾驶员对转向速度的控制.使用D2P快速原型开发系统构建了履带车辆原地转向“驾驶员+控制器”在环仿真平台,通过实时仿真对所提出的控制算法进行了验证,结果表明设计的控制策略正确有效,且具有良好的实时性.     

低附着路面电动助力转向控制策略

车辆在低附着路面转向时转向阻力矩大幅降低,导致转向盘转矩随之减小,严重影响驾驶员的路感,易导致事故的发生.鉴于此,提出电动助力转向电流补偿控制策略以提高低附着路面驾驶员路感.利用扩展卡尔曼滤波方法估计出低附着路面前轴侧向力,进而计算出补偿电流值.在MATLAB/Simulink中建立系统仿真模型,利用实车试验数据与仿真数据对比,验证了仿真模型的准确性.不同行驶工况的仿真结果显示采用本文提出的控制策略后,转向盘力矩显著提高,使驾驶员在低附着路面下的路感与正常高附着路面相同,可以有效防止驾驶员的误操作,提高车辆行驶安全性.     

汽车EPS回正控制与仿真试验研究

为了改善汽车转向轻便性的问题以及解决传统EPS系统所带来的汽车回正性能降低的问题,建立了基于SIMULINK的电动助力转向系统仿真模型,创建了基于系统环和控制环的控制策略,提出了基于转向盘转角和目标操纵转矩的PID控制方法,通过仿真与试验拟合出转向盘转角θh——目标操纵转矩TdMap图.运用MATLAB仿真EPS助力效果与实车试验对比验证设计的控制策略,改善了汽车的助力回正性能,提高了汽车的转向轻便性和行车安全性.     

EPS助力补偿控制策略的研究

文章分析了电动助力转向(electric power steering,EPS)系统各部分的动力学模型,并由此搭建了其Simulink仿真模型;对于时变性、非线性较强的EPS系统,采用了单神经元自适应PID(single neuron self-adaptive PID,SNPID)控制算法;针对一般助力特性曲线下EPS系统动态响应特性较差的问题,提出了在转矩传感器检测的转矩之中加入相位超前补偿、应对路面冲击的转矩微分补偿、减轻转向系统摩擦对系统影响的摩擦补偿、改善快速转向或换向时电机助力的迟钝和驾驶员"顿挫"感的惯性及阻尼补偿;并在上述补偿的基础上,针对原地撒手抖动问题提出了基于转矩变化率的助力死区增大控制方案。仿真和实车试验结果表明,加入补偿控制的EPS助力策略的动态响应特性和转向轻便性均得到了改善。     

轮毂驱动电动汽车差动助力转向控制设计

基于差动助力转向的基本原理及助力特性分析结论,提出一种基于参考转向盘力矩的转向盘力矩直接控制策略,结合抗积分饱和变参数PI(比例-积分)控制算法,开发分布式驱动电动汽车差动助力转向控制器,并进行转向系统参数灵敏度分析和控制系统稳定性分析;设计机械转向系统故障容错策略.Carsim与Simulink联合仿真结果表明:常规工况下,所开发的控制器在保证车辆的操纵稳定性的同时,有效地减小了驾驶员的操纵负担;在机械转向系统故障的换道工况下,所开发的控制器实现了车辆的独立换道,提高了车辆行驶的安全性.     

基于AMESim的电动液压助力转向系统的仿真研究

根据电机转速对转向性能的影响,确定电机转速与方向盘转速和车速的对应关系。利用仿真软件AMESim建立电动液压助力转向系统的仿真模型,包括方向盘输入模型、液压机械模型、轮胎模型和电机控制模型。其中设置方向盘输入为力输入和角输入两种输入端口,采用等效节流阀模拟转阀,轮胎与地面的转向阻力使用齿条两端加载等效滑动摩擦力来模拟,电机控制使用转速环、电流环双闭环PID控制方法。通过三种典型工况的仿真,量化分析控制方法对车辆转向性能的影响,包括转向轻便性、路感、助力响应速度以及稳定性,仿真结果验证了控制方法的有效性,并为控制方法的优化提供了依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to