Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper

Free-standing paper-like or foil-like materials are an integral part of our technological society. Their uses include protective layers, chemical filters, components of electrical batteries or supercapacitors, adhesive layers, electronic or optoelectronic components, and molecular storage. Inorganic 'paper-like' materials based on nanoscale components such as exfoliated vermiculite or mica platelets have been intensively studied and commercialized as protective coatings, high-temperature binders, dielectric barriers and gas-impermeable membranes. Carbon-based flexible graphite foils composed of stacked platelets of expanded graphite have long been used in packing and gasketing applications because of their chemical resistivity against most media, superior sealability over a wide temperature range, and impermeability to fluids. The discovery of carbon nanotubes brought about bucky paper, which displays excellent mechanical and electrical properties that make it potentially suitable for fuel cell and structural composite applications. Here we report the preparation and characterization of graphene oxide paper, a free-standing carbon-based membrane material made by flow-directed assembly of individual graphene oxide sheets. This new material outperforms many other paper-like materials in stiffness and strength. Its combination of macroscopic flexibility and stiffness is a result of a unique interlocking-tile arrangement of the nanoscale graphene oxide sheets.     

碳膜材料的热学性能及研究进展

基于碳材料独特的结构,概述了其优异的热学性能以及作为散热材料在电子器件散热领域中的应用。着重介绍了石墨烯膜、碳纳米管膜和石墨膜材料的研究进展,同时阐述了影响碳膜材料热导率的关键结构及其控制方法,最后提出了发展高导热碳基复合材料的研究策略以及面临的挑战。     

A simple solution route to assemble three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanotube networks

Three-dimensional （3D） carbon nanotube networks （CNNW） have been successfully constructed by a simple solution route for the first time. The as-obtained networks consist of the ordered alignment of nanotubes cross-linked with a joint-angle of approximately 90°. Also, the joint points in the networks are very stable and the hollowing joints are conducted with the neighbored carbon nanotubes. These network characteristics would receive much attention to the applications such as electrical conductiv- ity and even mass transport. Further work found that the as-obtained CNNW and CNNW/silver com- posites can both be applied as NH3 gas sensors. The solution-phase technique for the construction of CNNWs made the assembling networks possible without introducing physical and complicated meth- odologies, providing an alternative way for the next generation carbon nanotube assembly.     

石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料研究进展

 石墨烯是由单层碳原子通过共价键结合形成的二维片层状结构,是一种新型碳类纳米材料,具有优异的力学、电学和热学等性能,被认为是一种非常有前景的材料,近年来广泛用于改性各种聚合物。本文回顾了石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料的制备方法、性能和应用现状;综述了石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料的强度、刚度、韧性、电学和热学等性能的研究进展。主要内容包括石墨烯改性聚合物常见的3种制备方法(溶液共混、熔融共混和原位聚合)及其对石墨烯在聚合物基体中分散性的影响,石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料力学性能变化规律与作用机理,石墨烯微观结构等因素对材料热学性能以及导电阈值的影响等;讨论了石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料的潜在应用和面临的挑战和机遇,并展望了其低成本产业化的发展前景。     

镀钨碳纳米管增强铜基复合材料的制备及性能

采用羰基热分解法对多壁碳纳米管表面进行镀钨处理,并以镀钨碳纳米管和电解铜粉为原料,进行机械球磨混粉和放电等离子体烧结,制备了镀钨碳纳米管/铜基复合材料.采用场发射扫描电镜观察了粉体和复合材料的组织形貌,并对复合材料物相进行了X射线衍射分析.探讨了镀钨碳纳米管含量和放电等离子体烧结温度对复合材料致密度、抗拉强度、延伸率和电导率的影响.结果表明,镀钨碳纳米管质量分数为1%和烧结温度为850℃时,复合材料的致密度、抗拉强度和电导率最高.与烧结纯铜相比,复合材料的抗拉强度提高了103.6%,电导率仅降低15.9%.     

Preparation of three-dimensional graphene foam for high performance supercapacitors

Supercapacitor is a new type of energy-storage device, and has been attracted widely attentions. As a two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, graphene is considered to be a promising material of supercapacitor because of its excellent properties involving high electrical conductivity and large surface area. In this paper, the large-scale graphene is successfully fabricated via environmental-friendly electrochemical exfoliation of graphite, and then, the three dimensional (3D) graphene foam is prepared by using nickel foam as template and FeCl3/HCl solution as etchant. Compared with the regular 2D graphene paper, the 3D graphene foam electrode shows better electrochemical performance, and exhibits the largest specific capacitance of approximately 128 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g in 6 M KOH electrolyte. It is expected that the 3D graphene foam will have a potential application in the supercapacitors.     

化学法制备石墨烯对环氧树脂导电性能的影响

通过化学氧化热解膨胀还原法制备了石墨烯,并对石墨烯的化学结构及微观形貌进行表征.将自制的石墨烯以及商业级的碳纳米管、富勒烯、石墨分别作为纳米导电填料加入到环氧树脂中,考察不同碳纳米材料对环氧树脂导电性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的石墨烯是不同于氧化石墨烯和热解膨胀石墨薄层的单层或少数层的二维材料;当石墨烯体积分数为0.25%时,复合材料的电导率发生渗流突变,而当体积分数增大到0.50%时,其电导率为2.02×10-7 S·m-1,导电性能得到显著增强.     

PtCo alloy nanoparticles supported on graphene nanosheets with high performance for methanol oxidation

PtCo alloy nanoparticles are deposited onto graphene sheets through a facile and reproducible hydrothermal method.During the hydrothermal reaction,the reduction of graphene oxide and PtCo alloy nanoparticles loading can be achieved.X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses reveal a good crystallinity of the supported Pt nanoparticles in the composites and the formation of PtCo alloy.X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) results depict that Pt mainly exists in the metallic form,while much of the cobalt is oxidized.Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations show that the PtCo alloy nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on graphene nanosheets compared with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs).This PtCo-graphene composite exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and high poison tolerance toward poisoning species for methanol oxidation reaction,far outperforming the Pt-graphene or PtCo-MWNTs composites with the same feeding ratio of Pt/carbon.     

Deformation treatment and microstructure of graphene-reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites: A review of graphene post-dispersion

Graphene/aluminum(Gr/Al) composites have attracted the attention of researchers all over the world due to their excellent properties. However, graphene agglomerates easily because of the van der Waals force between graphite sheets, thereby affecting the performance of the composites. Decreasing the agglomeration of graphene and dispersing it uniformly in the Al matrix is a key challenge. In the preparation process, predispersion treatment and deformation treatment can play important roles in graphene dispersion. Researchers have conducted a series of research and literature reviews of the graphene predispersion and consolidation of composites. However, they paid less attention to post-deformation processing. This review summarizes different deformation treatments involved in the preparation process of Gr/Al composites and the evolution of the microstructure during the process. Research on deformation parameters is expected to further improve the properties of Gr/Al composites and would provide a deep understanding of the strengthening effect of graphene.     

石墨烯增强铝基复合材料研究进展

铝基复合材料作为金属基复合材料中最重要的材料之一,在工业生产以及日常生活中有着非常广泛的应用。石墨烯由于其高导热性、高阻尼性、高弹性模量、高强度以及良好的自润滑性成为复合材料中重要的增强体。将石墨烯用作增强体增强铝基复合材料有着非常大的应用潜力。归纳了石墨烯增强铝基复合材料的研究进展;总结了影响其性能的主要因素即增强体材料种类,石墨烯在铝基体中的均匀分散性以及铝基体与石墨烯之间的界面情况;介绍了石墨烯增强铝基复合材料的两种制备方法;分析了石墨烯增强铝基复合材料的增强机制;并展望了其发展前景,以期为制备高性能石墨烯增强铝基复合材料提供参考。     

A review on hybridization modification of graphene and its polymer nanocomposites

Recently,graphene has attracted numerous interests from both fundamental and applied fields due to its excellent mechanical,thermal,electrical conductivity and other novel properties.This review gives an overview of recent progress on hybridization modifications of graphene with carbon nanomaterials.Some example applications of graphene-based nanohybrids in polymer composites,optical and conducting materials,high performance electrolyte materials and as well as other functional materials are summarized and discussed.     

SnO$_{\boldsymbol{x}}$S$_{\boldsymbol{y}}$@PANI@rGO 复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

利用水热法合成二硫化锡六方晶片, 通过氧化聚合包裹聚苯胺, 水热还原制备锡氧硫化合物@聚苯胺@还原氧化石墨烯(SnO$_{x}$S$_{y}$@PANI@rGO)复合材料. 分别利用 X 射线衍射(X-ray diffraction, XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(Fourier transform infrared, FT-IR)光谱、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)和透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope, TEM)对材料进行形貌和物相分析, 结果表明: 制备的六方形 SnO$_{x}$S$_{y}$被 PANI 和 rGO 双层包覆. 将复合材料作为锂离子电池的负极进行电化学性能研究, 结果显示: 由于多元复合材料中的聚苯胺和还原石墨烯增加了其导电性, 缓冲了 SnO$_{x}$S$_{y}$ 在充放电过程的体积膨胀, 保持了结构稳定性, 展现了优越的电性能.     

三维互通CNTs/Cu复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

对CuCr合金粉末固溶时效处理之后进行预烧结,得到CuCr预压块。以此预压块为基底,采用化学气相沉积（chemical vapor deposition, CVD）工艺和放电等离子烧结（sparking plasma sintering, SPS）工艺成功制备了三维互通的碳纳米管/铜（carbon nanotubes/Cu, CNTs/Cu）复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）,拉曼光谱仪等表征碳纳米管的微观组织结构,利用微拉伸试验机测试复合材料的力学性能。研究结果表明,Cr作为催化剂,对碳纳米管的形貌影响很大,碳纳米管的质量也会对复合材料的力学性能产生影响。当Cr的质量分数为0.6%时,碳纳米管在铜基体表面均匀分布,CNTs/Cu复合材料的力学性能最佳。经SPS烧结和轧制之后,复合材料的导电率和屈服强度分别达到了82.4% IACS和349 MPa,断裂伸长率高达6.4%,这是由于CNTs的加入,起到了第二相强化的作用,提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

电化学功能化石墨烯作为铜基复合薄膜的防腐增强材料

Cu–graphene (Gr) composite thin films were prepared by electrodeposition route using in-house synthesized Gr sheets. The Gr sheets were synthesized by the electrochemical exfoliation route using 1 M HClO₄ acid as electrolyte. The Gr sheets were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The (002) plane of Gr sheets was observed at 2θ of 25.66°. The (002) plane confirmed the crystal structure of carbon peaks. The stretching vibration of C=C bond at a wavelength of 1577 cm?1 and other functional groups of carboxyl and epoxide groups were observed from FTIR. TEM confirmed the transparent structure of Gr sheets. The prepared Gr sheets were used as reinforcement at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.3 g/L with a copper matrix to synthesize the Cu–Gr composite. The prepared composite thin films were characterized by XRD, SEM, and energy-dispersion spectrometry (EDS) for morphological and analytical studies. The presence of Gr sheets in Cu–Gr composite was confirmed by EDS analysis. The prepared Cu–Gr nanocomposite thin film showed higher corrosion resistance compared with pure copper thin films in 3.5wt% NaCl, as confirmed by Tafel plots. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy complimented the above results and showed that 0.3 g/L composite film achieved the highest film resistance.     

石墨烯在强化传热领域的研究进展

 石墨烯是一种单原子层厚度的二维平面碳纳米材料,具有超高的载流子迁移率、高热导率等特性。本文综述目前石墨烯在强化传热领域的研究进展,包括石墨烯热导率的测试方法,以及石墨烯在纳米流体、热界面材料、高导热复合高分子材料方面的应用,并对未来石墨烯的研究方向进行展望。     

MWNTs/掺溴聚苯胺复合材料导电性能研究

用化学氧化法和溴蒸气掺杂合成掺溴聚苯胺,通过机械共混制备MWNTs/PANI和MWNTs/掺溴PANI复合材料.复合材料表现出良好的导电性能,电导率达5～10 S·m~(-1),接近纯MWNTs的电导率.采用红外光谱、热重分析、紫外可见光谱、X射线粉末衍射和X射线光电子能谱研究MWNTs/掺溴PANI复合材料的导电性能和导电机理.研究表明,MWNTs和被掺杂的掺溴PANI通过π-π和p-π共轭作用形成电子转移复合物,组成了一个个独立导电单元,在复合材料的导电体系中起主要作用,随着导电单元数量增加至相互接触,形成导电网络,复合材料的电导率达到最大值.     

石墨烯增强铜基复合材料强度及机理研究

为了提升金属基复合材料的力学性能,采用FSP（friction stir processing）方法制备铜/石墨烯复合材料,通过金属显微组织观察试验和力学试验对试样进行分析,探究搅拌工具转速和石墨烯添加量对复合材料微观组织特征、抗拉强度的影响规律,并对复合材料的强化机理进行研究。结果表明,石墨烯对铜基体的作用主要体现在载荷传递和阻碍铜基体中的位错运动和晶界长大方面,随着石墨烯的引入,焊核区晶粒发生了明显细化;晶粒细化的原因是搅拌工具的机械搅拌作用和晶粒再结晶过程中石墨烯对晶粒长大产生了阻碍作用;与母材相比,铜/石墨烯复合材料的抗拉强度提升了5%,最高可达277.49 MPa。因此,采用FSP方法可制备性能良好、石墨烯分布均匀的铜/石墨烯复合材料,新方法有效提升了铜合金材料的力学性能,可为复合材料的广泛应用提供理论基础和技术参考。     

Ag/graphene composite based on high-quality graphene with high electrical and mechanical properties

A simple and effective process has been reported to prepare the silver (Ag)/graphene composite with excellent mechanical and electrical properties based on high-quality graphene (HQG). The HQG was fabricated via hot pressing of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) from chemical exfoliation, while the Ag/HQG composite was obtained by using spark plasma sintering (SPS) treatment under high temperature (1500 °C) and moderate pressure (40 MPa). With low oxygen-containing functional groups and defect density, the HQG dispersed homogeneously in the composite after high-energy ball milling. In comparison to pure Ag, the as-prepared Ag/RGO composite exhibited a great enhancement of 11% electrical conductivity and 42% micro-hardness with an optimal RGO adding content (1 wt%). The Ag/HQG composite is expected to open up a new way for the novel Ag-based electrical contact materials, and further to broaden its applications in micro-electronics and switching power.     

P(MMA-St)/MWNTs复合材料导电性能研究

采用原位乳液聚合法制备了甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物（P(MMA-St)）包覆多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）复合材料.研究了MWNTs含量和共聚物单体配比对复合材料导电性能的影响;用 SEM、FTIR、Raman和XPS等手段,探究了复合材料结构、相互作用与性能之间的关系.结果表明,MWNTs的加入提高了复合材料的热稳定性和电导率：当MWNTs含量一定,提高PMMA链段含量时,共聚物与MWNTs的作用增强,共聚物更易均匀地包覆在MWNTs表面,呈现出优异的热、电性能.     

热温改性P(MMA-St)/MWNTs复合材料导电性能研究

采用原位乳液聚合法制备了甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物/多壁碳纳米管(P(MMA-St)/MWNTs)复合材料,并研究了热温改性对其复合材料电学性能的影响.结果表明,P(MMA-St)/MWNTs复合材料在200℃热处理1 h后,处于阈值中的复合材料电导率提高了两个数量级.用FTIR、XPS和XRD等手段探究了复合材料结构、相互作用与性能之间的关系.热处理使PMMA分子中部分酯或酸间脱去小分子形成酸酐结构,复合材料的共轭程度增大,增强了共聚物与碳纳米管之间的相互作用,提高了复合材料的电导率.