一个精细化工实验的改进

对硝基苯甲酸是合成染料、颜料、防腐剂、医药等化学品的重要中间体。其合成方法多种多样。常用的有化学氧化法。它具有反应温度低，容易控制，操作简便的特点。选择不同的氧化剂和适宜的反应介质，可得到不同的结果。精细化工实验（赵何为编）之实验八。是以重铬酸钠（Na。Cr刃。）为氧化剂，用70％硫酸为反应介质，将对硝基甲苯氧化制备对硝基苯甲酸。配料比（重量比）为：对硝基甲苯：Na。Cr刃，：70％H。SO‘一27．4：140：120。反应产率为60％。实验中除用去大量化学氧化剂外，还消耗大量的硫酸，对设备造成严重腐蚀。产物分离后还…     

过氧铌酸催化下双氧水选择氧化环戊烯制备戊二醛

以氧化铌为原料制备了过氧铌酸、以乙醇为溶剂、双氧水为氧化剂的体系中，过氧铌酸作为催化剂能够高效的催化戊烯制备戊二醛。在优化的反应条件下，环戊烯的转化率达100％，戊二醛的得率高达72％。     

铁水提铌

从含少量铌、较高的锰和磷的铁水中回收铌,是复杂的选择氧化过程。通过热力学和动力学条件的理论分析及实验,表明利用氧气底吹转炉对这种铁水进行处理,将终点温度控制在估算的铌-碳选择氧化临界温度1350℃—1400℃内,和掌握合适的氧流冲击力及氧流在熔池内的贯穿长度,可以成功地将铁水中的铌和锰最大限度地氧化到渣中,而将碳和磷基本上保留在金属中,以达综合利用。     

镍钼矿提钼渣中镍的浸出工艺

在硫酸溶液中,使用常压氧化浸出法处理镍钼矿提钼渣以回收有价金属镍。考察搅拌速度、液固比、硫酸用量、氧化剂用量以及浸出时间对镍浸出过程的影响。试验结果表明:搅拌速度与液固比对浸出过程影响不明显;在未加入氧化剂时,主要发生镍氢氧化物简单的酸溶反应,而添加氧化剂后硫化物也被氧化浸出;此外,镍浸出率随浸出时间、温度及硫酸用量的增加而增大。最佳工艺条件如下:搅拌速度为500 r/min,液固比为4:1,氧化剂加入量为矿量的0.2倍,浸出温度为90℃,硫酸浓度为0.4 mol/L,浸出时间为8 h,镍浸出率可达95%左右。     

钨渣中有价金属综合回收工艺

对从钨渣中回收钽、铌的工艺进行了研究;采用苏打焙烧水浸与酸浸结合的湿法处理,经实验确定了最佳工艺条件:苏打用量为理论量的6.0倍,焙烧温度为850～950℃,焙烧时间为50 min.水浸液固比为6:1,时间为90 min;酸煮时HCl浓度为20％,浸出液固比为6:1,时间为60min.按照以上条件处理钨渣,可获得含Ta2O5+Nb2O5达15.89％(其中w(Ta2O5)为4.06%)的钽铌富集渣,钽铌回收率达79.46%.该工艺既可完善我国现行的钨冶金流程,充分利用自然资源,获得可直接应用的钽铌生产原料.又可减少大量钨渣堆存引起的环境污染问题.     

均三甲苯液相催化氧化制备间二甲基苯甲酸

研究了均三甲苯液相催化氧化制备间二甲基苯甲酸,氧化剂为富氧,考察了催化剂浓度、通气量、反应温度等工艺条件对反应的影响。结果表明适宜的反应条件为氧浓度56．6％、通气量1．3L／min、催化剂浓度为每mol均三甲苯中含Co     

包头中贫矿铁水氧气底吹转炉提铌工艺研究——包钢二流程提铌试验联动流程单元之一

包头铁矿中含有铌(Nb_2O_50.12～0.65％),虽然品位较低,但总贮量较大(70万吨以上的金属铌),铁矿石在富选铁的过程中,铌损失于尾矿达60％。所谓二流程是将含稀土和铌较多的包头中贫矿直接入高炉冶炼,可以获得含稀土氧化物15％以上的高炉渣作为生产低磷稀土硅铁合金的原料,另外可以得到含铌较高(Nb>0.20％)的铁水,比一般选矿→高炉铁水含铌(<0.08％)高一倍以上,不仅有利于从铁水回收铌的后续工序,而且不经选矿因之大大提高铌的总回收率。     

ZrO2-8mol%Dy2O3纳米晶的碱性水热法合成及其烧结体的电性能研究

以湿化学法制得Zr（OH）4和Dy（OH）3的共沉淀为前驱体，在碱性介质（pH=9．95～13．28）中用水热法合成了ZrO2-8mol％ Dy2O3立方相纳米晶．研究发现，纳米晶粒径随着反应介质pH值的增大而增大．将该纳米晶在较低温度（1400℃）下烧结制得了致密的陶瓷样品，比通常高温固相反应法采用的烧结温度（〉1550℃）降低了150℃以上．本研究还测定了陶瓷样品600℃～1000℃下的氧浓差电池电动势及氧泵（氧的电化学透过装置）性能．结果表明，陶瓷样品在高于900℃时的氧离子迁移数为1，具有优良的氧离子导电性能．     

掺锌铌酸锂（LiNbO3：Zn）晶体的物性测量

本文配制了系列掺锌铌酸锂多晶料，测量了掺锌铌酸锂的熔化温度及居里温度随掺锌量的变化。用熔融提拉法生长了不同掺锌量的铌酸锂单晶。研究了锌在晶体中的分凝、晶体的抗光折变能力和倍频转换效率。实验结果表明：（１）在铌酸锂晶体中，随掺锌量的增加，ＬｉＮｂＯ３：Ｚｎ的熔化温度呈下降趋势，而居里温度线性上升。（２）在掺锌铌酸锂晶体中，调节锌的掺杂量，可以找到分凝系数近于１的掺锌浓度。（３）当掺锌量大于７ｍｏ１％时，ＬｉＮｂＯ３：Ｚｎ晶体与ＬｉＮｂＯ３：Ｍｇ具有同样的抗光折变能力，前者的倍频转换效率比后者稍大。     

次氯酸钠氧化淀粉的制备工艺研究

以木薯淀粉为原料，用次氯酸钠作氧化剂制备粉状氧化淀粉，研究了pH值、氧化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对产品羧基含量的影响．实验条件下，最佳工艺条件的pH值为9．0、氧化剂用量为25％、反应温度为45℃、反应时间为3小时．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.