绿豆防御素基因的克隆、序列分析和植物表达载体的构建

从绿豆叶片提取总DNA中,通过PCR方法扩增出362bp的具有多种抗病、抗虫特性的绿豆防御素基因, 并将其克隆到pGM-T easy vector,酶切图谱及DNA 测序分析表明克隆的片段包含了完整的绿豆防御素基因的编码序列,与原序列同源性达到99.5%,蛋白质同源性达到100%.此基因编码的多肽由73个氨基酸组成,含有28个氨基酸的信号肽和8个半胱氨酸,可形成4个二硫键.我们用此基因构建了高效植物表达载体pBin438-LD.     

海甘蓝硫甙合成关键酶S—GT基因克隆及种子特异性hpRNAi载体构建

根据甘蓝型油菜S-GT（thiohydroximate S-glucosyltransferase）基因cDNA序列设计引物,以海甘蓝总DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,获得S-GT基因全长。克隆的海甘蓝S—GT序列与甘蓝型油菜序列相比,除74bp的内含予部分外有92个碱基的差别,相似性高达93．4％。分析显示该序列均有完整的开放阅读框,并表明所克隆的海甘蓝S-GT序列编码465个氨基酸,在第10个位点上比甘蓝型油菜序列少一个丙氨酸（A）,总共有23个氨基酸不同,相似性为95．06％。根据获得的基因序列设计引物扩增出同一基因序列相同但是带有不同酶切位点的两个片段,将两个片段反向插入到已构建的带有种子特异表达载体内含子的两端,成功构建了海甘蓝S-GT基因的种子特异性hpRNAi载体,为特异性降低海甘蓝的种子硫甙奠定了基础。     

Hepatitis B virus genes and their expression in E. coli.

A composite DNA sequence of regions of hepatitis B virus, determined from a series of recombinant plasmids, reveals the genes for the surface antigen and the core antigen of the virus. The sequence of the core antigen shows it to be a DNA binding protein. The core antigen gene is expressed in Escherichia coli and when injected into rabbits the bacterial product induces antibodies which react with core antigen isolated from human sources.     

Nucleotide sequence of the hepatitis B virus genome (subtype ayw) cloned in E. coli.

The complete nucleotide sequence of hepatitis B virus genome (subtype ayw) cloned in Escherichia coli has been determined using the Maxam and Gilbert method and the dideoxynucleotide method. This sequence is 3,182 nucleotides long. Location of the nonsense codons shows that the coding capacity of the L chain is larger than the coding capacity of the S chain. Eight open regions, able to code for polypeptide chains larger than 100 amino acids, have been located. Region 6, which is the largest, covers more than 80% of the genome. The gene S which codes for polypeptide I of the Hbs Ag and was previously located between coordinates 95.1 and 73.6 is contained in region 7.     

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a transforming gene detected by transfection of chicken B-cell lymphoma DNA

A transforming gene detected by transfection of chicken B-cell lymphoma DNA has been isolated by molecular cloning. It is homologous to a conserved family of sequences present in normal chicken and human DNAs but is not related to transforming genes of acutely transforming retroviruses. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned transforming gene suggests that it encodes a protein that is partially homologous to the amino terminus of transferrin and related proteins although only about one tenth the size of transferrin.     

The protein-coding sequence of the bovine ACTH-beta-LPH precursor gene is split near the signal peptide region

The pituitary hormones corticotropin (ACTH) and beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) are formed from a large common precursor. Recently, we have elucidated the whole primary structure of the bovine ACTH-beta-LPH precursor (designated alternatively as preproopiocortin) by determining the nucleotide sequence of cloned DNA complementary to the mRNA coding for the precursor protein. The amino acid sequence assigned has disclosed a characteristic repetitive structure of the ACTH-beta-LPH precursor. The repetitive units of the precursor protein each contain a melanotropin (MSH) sequence (alpha-, beta- or gamma-MSH) as well as other peptide components such as beta-endorphin and corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP). The repetitive units as well as their peptide components are each bounded by paired basic amino acid residues, which apparently represent the sites of proteolytic processing. Several studies have confirmed the translational initiation site and protein structure assigned (see also ref. 11 and refs therein). In view of the recent knowledge about the organization of eukaryotic genes (see refs 12, 13 for reviews), it would be of particular interest to investigate the relationship between the repetitive structure of the ACTH-beta-LPH precursor containing different functional components and the arrangement of the protein-coding sequence in its gene. We have now isolated and characterized bovine genomic DNA fragments encoding this precursor protein and have demonstrated that the protein sequence is encoded by two non-consecutive DNA segments. An intron (intervening sequence) of approximately 2.2 kilobase pairs separates the smaller exon (mRNA-coding sequence), which contains the gene sequence encoding the signal peptide, from the larger exon, which contains the gene sequence for most of the protein structure, including the known biologically active component peptides.     

嗜热菌EPT3硫酸酯酶基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

利用筛选培养基筛选到一株产硫酸酯酶的深海嗜热菌EPT3,通过16SrDNA分析,将该菌株归属为Geobacillussp．EPT3．以菌株EP＇13的基因组DNA为模板,使用硫酸酯酶引物进行PCR扩增,将目的基因克隆至pUCm—T载体后进行测序．测序结果表明,克隆基因的大小为1956bp,预测编码651个氨基酸残基．对该基因编码蛋白质进行了生物信息学分析,结果表明,该蛋白质序列与其他菌株来源的硫酸酯酶具有很高的相似性,提示本研究克隆的基因编码硫酸酯酶．该硫酸酯酶的理论分子质量为75．1ku,理论等电点为6．90．采用同源建模法建立了GeobaciUussp．EPT3硫酸酯酶的三维结构模型,为球状结构．     

The X-linked chronic granulomatous disease gene codes for the beta-chain of cytochrome b-245

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited disorder associated with a profound predisposition to infection due to the lack of a microbicidal oxidase system in the phagocytes of these patients. This syndrome is most commonly inherited through a defect on the X chromosome and the only clearly defined component of the oxidase system, the very unusual cytochrome b (b-245), has been shown to be missing from the cells of these patients. This cytochrome is a heterodimer composed of an alpha-chain of relative molecular mass (Mr) 23,000 (23K) and a 76-92K beta-chain; neither are detectable in neutrophils from X-linked CGD subjects. The defective X-CGD gene has recently been cloned by 'reverse genetics' but the protein predicted from the proposed complementary DNA sequence was not identified. We have purified the beta-chain of the cytochrome and sequenced 43 amino acids from the N terminus. Almost complete homology was obtained between this sequence and that of the complementary nucleotides 19-147 of the sequence of the X-CGD gene, originally designated as a non-coding region.     

Myxococcus xanthus spore coat protein S may have a similar structure to vertebrate lens beta gamma-crystallins

The Gram-negative bacterium Myxococcus xanthus has a complex life cycle during which large amounts of a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 19,000, known as protein S, are assembled into a spore surface coat by a process that specifically requires calcium ions. The gene for protein S has been cloned and the DNA sequence shows that the gene product is composed of four internally repeated homologous sequences, each 40 amino acids long. Although protein S resembles calmodulin both in its internally duplicated structure and its ability to bind calcium, it apparently has a beta-sheet secondary structure rather than the helix-loop-helix motifs that characterize the calmodulin family. We now show that protein S has a striking homology with the beta- and gamma-crystallins of the vertebrate eye lens which are beta-sheet proteins with internally duplicated structures. This implies that the beta- and gamma-crystallins evolved from already existing proteins, whose ancestors occurred in the prokaryotes. The biological function of protein S, as a closely packed, stable protein in a relatively dehydrated environment, has implications for the functions of crystallins, which are found closely packed in the lens fibre cells, where their stability is essential for maintenance of transparency.     

小鼠LEAP-2基因的克隆及其真核表达质粒的构建

从小鼠肝中提取总RNA,采用反转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法,获得了mLEAP-2基因编码区的cDNA,扩增出小鼠肝表达抗菌肽-2（mLEAP-2）成熟肽基因片段,重组入克隆载体pUCm-T,经DNA测序,该基因为120 bp,编码40个氨基酸。用限制性内切酶切下目的基因,插入毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9中,构建成表达载体pPIC9-LEAP-2。重组毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9-LEAP-2的结构,可望获得超量表达的高活性肝表达抗菌肽-2,为研制具有抗菌活性的新型基因药物奠定基础。     

甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒（SeMNPV）gp 37基因的克隆及序列分析

通过鸟枪法克隆了甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒（SeMNPV)基因组DNA EcoR I酶切的2．2kb片段,序列分析表明,该片段含有gp37基因,SeMNPV gp37基因的开放阅读框为801个核苷酸,编码268个氨基酸,预测蛋白质相对分子质量为30400,在gp37基因起始密码子上游有一典型的杆状病毒晚期基因启动子序列ATAAG,同其它昆虫杆状病毒和昆虫痘病毒GP37／Fusolin蛋白的比较结果表明,SeMNPV GP37与已知gp37/fusolin基因的氨基酸序列同源性较高（50－68％）,在其蛋白序列内存在类似的保守区和可能的N－连接糖基化位点,在SeMNPV gp37基因下游存在一个完整阅读框和部分get基因序列。     

粘质沙雷氏菌抗铜基因的克隆及性质研究

 通过构建粘质沙雷氏菌KMR-3菌株的基因组DNA文库,克隆到了与该菌的铜抗性相关的基因,并对其部分特性进行了研究.结果表明克隆到的铜抗性基因所编码的蛋白属于CutF蛋白,由194个氨基酸编码,与莫氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia mollaretii)ATCC43969抗铜脂蛋白NlpE同源性最高,达到70%,并对该基因的调控序列(启动子、终止子、SD序列及转录起始位点)进行了分析.     

生物信息学技术克隆并分析新基因STRF7

为进一步研究信号转导相关的新基因片段BE644250,采用生物信息学方法克隆基全长cDNA,并分析了其ORF,电子表达谱,染色体定位等,之后对全长序列进行了实验验证。电子延伸（contig)获得了729bp的延伸产物,含一个典型的74aa的ORF,命名为STRF7。与已知蛋白无明显同源性,部分地相似于人的源框蛋白CDX－4和酵母的转录调节子ADR6,属一新发现的基因;RT－PCR从IL－6刺激后的U937中克隆了STRF7基因,基序列与电子延伸结果安全一致,进一步的分析显示STRF7在多种组织中表达并定位于第6号染色体上,上述结果显示,STRF7是一个新基因,编码含74aa的蛋白,并且是一个潜在的转录因子。     

鹅细小病毒CHv强毒株VP3基因克隆及遗传进化

根据Genbank中的鹅细小病毒(GPV)B株全基因序列,设计合成一对引物,应用PCR技术扩增了GPV强毒株CHv的VP3基因片段,将扩增后的VP3基因重组到pMD18-T质粒载体上,并对插入片段进行序列测定,将测序结果及由该结果推导的氨基酸序列与国内外分离的GPV、MDPV、PPV和CPV等不同宿主的细小病毒的VP3进行比对分析。结果表明:中国四川分离的GPV CHv株VP3基因长1 605 bp,编码534个氨基酸,与国内外10株GPV的VP3基因进行比较,核苷酸同源性为93.4%~99.8%,氨基酸同源性为96.5%~99.3%,其变异较小,是GPV保持一个血清型的分子基础。与番鸭细小病毒的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为79.6%和89.9%,而与其他种属的细小病毒同源性均在30%以下,表明它们与GPV CHv株亲缘关系较远。     

Molecular cloning of the microtubule-associated mechanochemical enzyme dynamin reveals homology with a new family of GTP-binding proteins

A complementary DNA encoding the D100 polypeptide of rat brain dynamin--a force-producing, microtubule-activated nucleotide triphosphatase--has been cloned and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence includes a guanine nucleotide-binding domain that is homologous with those of a family of antiviral factors, inducible by interferon and known as Mx proteins, and with the product of the essential yeast vacuolar protein sorting gene VPS1. These relationships imply the existence of a new family of GTPases with physiological roles that may include microtubule-based motility and protein sorting.     

稀有鮈鲫铜蓝蛋白基因 cDNA 克隆及组织表达分析

铜蓝蛋白(Ceruloplasmin,Cp)是一种重要的铜转运蛋白,合成于肝脏并参与生物体铁的代谢,在医学上是各种炎症、感染、中毒及癌症疾病的标志性蛋白.铜蓝蛋白的研究已在多种真骨鱼类中被报道,文中第一次在稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)中报道此基因.采用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)克隆了稀有鮈鲫铜蓝蛋白基因,使用荧光定量PCR的方法构建了该基因组织表达谱.序列分析表明稀有鮈鲫铜蓝蛋白基因包含3 264bp全长编码序列,该序列编码1 087个氨基酸,其核苷酸和氨基酸序列与斑马鱼同源性最高(分别为88.1%和90.3%).理论相对分子质量和等电点分别为124 429.1D和6.41.荧光定量PCR检测表明该基因在肝脏和脾脏中相对表达量最高,在肌肉和鳃中相对表达量最低.使用氨基酸序列进行蛋白结构保守域分析,结果表明铜蓝蛋白基因在脊椎动物中是相对保守的,推测其功能也与其他物种相似.这为进一步研究稀有鮈鲫该基因的功能及其应用奠定了基础.     

二羟基黄酮醇还原酶基因的克隆、全序列分析及在大肠杆菌中的表达

花色素是植物体内类黄酮生化合成的产物，存在于花瓣的液泡中，它的含量直接影响花的颜色．在花色素合成途径中，二羟基黄酮醇还原酶（Ｄｉｈｙ－ｄｒｏｆｌａｖｏｎｏｌＲｅｄｕｃｔａｓｅ，ＤＦＲ）特异地催化二羟基黄酮醇还原成花色素，对底物具有相对专一性．我们成功地从矮牵牛（Ｐｅｔｕｎｉａｈｙｂｒｉｄａ）花瓣的ｃＤＮＡ中克隆了ＤＦＲ－Ａ基因，进行了全序列分析，结果表明，ＤＦＲ－Ａ基因全长１１２２ｂｐ，编码３７３个氨基酸，与国外报道有９８％以上的同源性．此外，我们在大肠杆菌中实现了ＤＦＲ－Ａ基因的表达，并将对ＤＦＲ的结构与功能作进一步的研究．     

Expression of the intact C<Subscript>4</Subscript> type<Emphasis Type="Italic">pepc</Emphasis> gene cloned from maize in transgenic winter wheat

Maize intact C4-pepc gene was amplified through LA-PCR and successfully sub-cloned into modified vector pGreen0029 to form a stable expression construct named as pBAC214 (12 kb), which contains CaMV 35S promoter driven bar gene as selection marker. Comparing the cloned DNA sequences (6.7 kb) with published maize C4-pepc gene (GenBank accession E17154) sequences, the identity of DNA sequence alignment is 98.96%. There are only 49 differences between these two intact DNA sequences, of which 13 occur in the region of promoter, 18 in introns, and 18 in exons. The homology of mRNA sequence alignment is 99.38%, and the putative amino acids sequence identity is 99.38%. There are only 15 differences between these two mRNA, and these differences bring 4 sites mutant on the putative amino acids of PEPC protein. Through biolistic bombardment of PDS1000/He system, expression vector pBAC214 has been transformed into winter wheat. Southern blotting results show that the intact C4-pepc gene has been integrated into genome of winter wheat. SDS-PAGE analysis of leaf soluble protein in transgenic wheat showed that the intact C4opepc gene was well transcribed, spliced and translated as in maize. The enzyme activity of leaf PEPC in transgenic wheat has been detected. The activities of leaf PEPC increased over 3-5 times in some transgenic plants. The data of photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate of transgenic wheat flag leaves showed that the C4-pepc gene can increase the photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate of transgenic wheat.     

Molecular cloning and sequencing of a human hepatitis delta (delta) virus RNA

Human hepatitis delta (delta) virus (HDV) is a form of defective virus, which infects humans only in the presence of a co-infecting hepatitis B virus (HBV). HDV superinfection in a chronic HBV carrier often results in severe chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, whereas acute HDV and HBV co-infection is frequently associated with fulminant hepatitis. HDV consists of a 36-nm particle, which contains an envelope with HBV surface antigen, and a nucleocapsid containing the hepatitis delta-antigen (HDAg) and an RNA genome of 1.75 kilobases (kb). Recently, the genomic RNA from an HDV serially passaged in chimpanzees has been cloned and sequenced in a study which showed that the HDV RNA is a single-stranded circular molecule with properties similar to those of viroid or virusoid. However, it is not known whether serial passages in chimpanzees had altered the properties of human HDV. Here we report the cloning and sequencing of an HDV RNA isolated directly from a patient with acute delta-hepatitis. The sequence showed considerable divergence (11%) from that of the chimpanzee-adapted HDV. Five open reading frames (ORFs) of more than 100 amino acids in both genomic and anti-genomic sense were found. The largest ORF in antigenomic sense, which can code for 214 amino acids, may correspond to the HDAg.     

Most of the coding region of rat ACTH beta--LPH precursor gene lacks intervening sequences

The peptide hormones ACTH, beta-endorphin, alpha- and beta-melanotropin(MSH) and possibly gamma-MSH are synthesized in the pituitary gland by the processing of a 32,000-molecular weight (MW) polypeptide called proopiomelanocortin (POMC). The existence of a further precursor (pre form) to POMC containing an additional N-terminal 'leader' peptide has been suggested by analysis of the in vitro translation products of poly(A)-containing RNA from AtT-20 cells, a mouse ACTH-producing cell line of pituitary origin. Nakanishi et al. cloned and sequenced a cDNA copy of the bovine prePOMC mRNA. This sequence confirmed the known structure of the carboxyl half of POMC and revealed the presence of a new MSH-like moiety, gamma-MSH, within the 16,000-MW amino half of the precursor (16K fragment). Recent experiments have suggested that this peptide may act in synergy with ACTH to increase corticosterone and aldosterone production in vivo and in vitro. We have now isolated from a rat genomic DNA library a segment of a DNA encoding most of POMC, using as probe a mouse 144-base pair cloned cDNA fragment encoding beta-MSH and beta-endorphin. The cloned rat gene is one of two (or more) closely related POMC genes. The DNA sequence obtained shows that the cloned POMC gene is not interrupted by any intervening sequence (IVS) between the codon for amino acid 19 and the presumptive poly(A) addition site. This region of POMC encodes all the biologically active peptides mentioned above. The DNA sequence encoding the putative gamma-MSH and the coding sequence that precedes it are highly conserved between rat and cow. This may indicate an as yet unrecognized biological function(s) for the NH2-terminal portion of the 16K fragment.