一种用于除湿溶液的新型太阳能耦合再生系统

为了提高太阳能溶液再生系统的运行可靠性,提出了一种用于溶液除湿空调系统的新型太阳能溶液耦合再生系统.分析了该系统的工作原理,建立了该系统的耗能模型,并与传统太阳能溶液热再生系统进行了对比研究.研究结果表明,在2种运行模式下,太阳能耦合再生系统与太阳能热再生系统相比具有较大的节能优势.在太阳能耦合再生系统运行模式下,太阳能集热/再生器出口处溶液浓度对太阳能耦合再生系统耗能的影响最大.在系统设计过程中,应将太阳能集热/再生器出口处溶液浓度设计得尽可能小.此外,太阳能集热/再生器的再生效率对太阳能耦合再生系统的耗能也有较大的影响.     

两级双溶液除湿系统性能研究

建立了两级双溶液除湿系统,其核心部件是采用氯化钙溶液预处理空气的第1级除湿器和采用氯化锂溶液的第2级除湿器,并利用数学模型对其除湿效果进行计算.结果表明:与采用氯化钙和氯化锂混合溶液(CELD,氯化钙与氯化锂质量比1:1)的系统相比,双溶液除湿系统的除湿效果更佳且能量利用率更高;在温度30℃、绝对湿度16.2 g/kg的工况下,双溶液除湿系统能够使空气的绝对湿度降至7.93 g/kg,系统的热力性能系数(COP)达到1.08;若采用太阳能驱动系统,当集热器出口的热水温度为87℃时,该系统性能最佳,COP值达到1.08;当热水温度为75℃时,基于太阳辐射的COP最高,其值为0.51.     

低品位热驱动混合溶液除湿降温系统性能分析

对低品位热驱动混合溶液除湿降温系统的性能进行了模拟研究.基于混合溶液传质关联式,对混合溶液除湿、再生过程进行了数学建模,比较了不同浓度溶液除湿器和再生器出口空气含湿量的实验值与模型计算值,其误差均在10%之内,从而验证了模型的可靠性.模拟分析了混合溶液浓度对系统性能的影响,模拟结果表明:在设计工况下,使用48%混合溶液的系统送风参数为19℃,9. 7 g/kg,氯化钙和氯化锂的混合溶液的除湿能力与氯化锂溶液相当,而混合溶液成本则大大降低,成本最高可降低65. 7%;随着混合溶液浓度的增加,系统热力性能提高且输配能耗降低,但也会导致送风温度及含湿量偏高,因此为了满足送风及节能需求,需要合理地选择氯化钙和氯化锂的混合溶液浓度.     

逆流太阳能溶液集热/再生器再生效率实验分析

对1 m×2 m×0.35 m逆流太阳能溶液集热/再生器进行实验研究,分析了影响太阳能溶液集热/再生器再生效率的各种影响因素.实验研究发现,常温溶液再生存在明显两段式分布,溶液再生效率随空气流量的增加先增后减,存在最大值;溶液再生效率随溶液流量增加而递减.加热溶液综合再生效率升高;而加热再生用空气其综合再生效率下降.采用含湿量为20 g/kg再生用湿空气的再生效率比用含湿量为10 g/kg的再生用湿空气的再生效率小0.16.随着太阳辐射强度的提高,溶液再生效率也相应增加.因此,逆流太阳能溶液集热/再生器应在空气较干燥、太阳辐射强度较高时运行,并选取适合的空气流量.     

液体除湿空调系统的实验研究

以实际液体除湿空调系统为对象,改变液体除湿空调系统中除湿器、再生器的输入空气、溶液的温度、湿度、流量、浓度等参数,研究输入参数变化对输出参数的影响.在优化的系统运行参数条件下,改变供能热源温度,研究液体除湿空调系统整体运行时输出参数的变化和系统制冷量、耗能量及COP值的变化规律.实验结果表明,当再生热源为90℃时,空调送风温度稳定在21℃,热力系数为0.6左右,基本能满足舒适性空调的送风要求.     

基于中高温冷凝热再生的溶液再生器模拟

为探究不同入口参数对溶液除湿再生量的影响,提出一种溶液除湿与中高温热泵耦合的空调系统,将中高温热泵的冷凝热应用于溶液除湿空调系统的溶液再生。通过建立溶液除湿再生器仿真计算模型,研究了不同入口溶液和空气参数下溶液出口浓度和再生器内温度分布情况,并与中低温冷凝热再生进行对比。结果表明:随着空气入口侧风量、溶液入口侧温度、溶液入口侧流量的增加再生量呈上升趋势;随溶液入口侧浓度的增加再生量呈下降趋势;在80℃附近的冷凝热溶液再生量比40℃时高1. 5～1. 9 g/s。     

蓄能型太阳能溶液除湿蒸发冷却空调系统研究

以实验的方法对采用填料塔式再生器的溶液除湿蒸发冷却空调系统的再生性能进行研究,得出了再生器热源温度在55.5 ℃工况下的传质系数和热源温度对出口参数有影响的结论.同时发现传质系数平均值约为0.32 mg/(m2·Pa·s),根据实验数据提出提高填料塔式再生器再生性能的方法.同时提出一种蓄能密度高的相变潜能蓄能模式,并在理论上对其进行定量分析,结果表明该种蓄能模式的蓄能密度一般在1 000 MJ/m3以上,这表明该蓄能方法比常规蓄能方法更为有效.     

LiBr溶液高温竖管降膜吸收过程的实验研究

针对吸收式太阳能海水淡化系统,设计了一套竖管降膜吸收实验装置,以溴化锂溶液为工质对装置进行了实验研究.通过改变水和溶液温度、喷淋量及溶液的浓度,测试了不同工况下系统的运行情况,得出溶液具有较好吸收率的基本条件,给出了系统最佳运行的参数范围.实验表明,在运行压力达到10 kPa和溶液浓度为50%左右的情况下,当被吸收水的温度高于30℃时,溶液已有较好的吸收速率,此时热源的温度仅为45℃～55℃,这十分有利于太阳能集热系统发挥供热效率.     

光伏/光热驱动的溶液除湿空调系统性能比较

为改进溶液除湿系统的性能,提出了一种应用太阳能光伏再生的方法.通过离子交换膜分离溶液中的溶质与水分,从而再生除湿溶液,利用太阳能光伏发电提供再生过程所需的能量.对光伏驱动的溶液除湿空调系统的再生原理与系统流程进行了介绍,建立了除湿再生部分的模型,对各部分进行了质量能量平衡的分析,并将新方法与传统光热再生方法的性能进行了分析比较.结果显示:新方法减小了高环境湿度的不良影响,提高了稳定性;新方法减少了系统对环境的污染;与有热回收的传统方法相比,新方法的性能与之相当,与无热回收的传统方法相比,新方法系统性能高出20%以上,在太阳辐射不足的情况下,新方法的再生性能可达到传统热再生方法的2倍以上.     

基于溶液除湿方式的温湿度独立控制空调系统性能分析

本文介绍了温湿度独立控制空调系统的工作原理,并重点介绍了湿度独立控制系统-溶液除湿空调方式。实验测量了溶液除湿空调系统的运行效果,溶液除湿空调系统的性能系数随着室内相对湿度的增加而降低。当使用75℃热水时,采用冷却水冷却的溶液除湿空调系统的夏季平均性能系数为0.93,采用排风蒸发冷却的溶液除湿空调系统的夏季平均性能系数为1.19。本文还给出温湿度独立控制空调系统的性能与常规空调系统在耗电量和运行能耗方面差异的分析方法,结果表明：采用溶液除湿空调方式的温湿度独立控制空调系统比常规空调系统节省约50%的耗电量,节省20～30%的运行费用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.