五氯硝基苯的放线菌降解活性研究

从施用过五氯硝基苯(Pentachloronitrobenzene，PCNB)的土壤中分离得到高效放线菌菌株——金霉素链霉菌(Streptomyces aureofacients)，它能够依靠共代谢作用还原五氯硝基苯．实验确定了该菌株的适宜生长条件：温度25℃-30℃，pH值为7．0．在该菌株的作用下，PCNB的降解加速，半衰期低于27d．     

2,4,6-三氯酚的共基质降解机理

分别利用经过驯化的葡萄糖降解菌和2,4,6-三氯酚（TCP）降解菌,通过添加易生物降解的有机物（葡萄糖、苯甲酸、苯酚）作为共基质,对TCP进行好氧生物降解,以考察其降解机理．当利用葡萄糖降解菌降解TCP时,在没有共基质存在时,微生物经历51h的适应期之后,才能生长,与此同时可利用TCP作为唯一碳源而使其降解．当有共基质存在时,TCP几乎没有降解．而当利用TCP降解菌降解TCP时,在没有共基质的条件下,只需43h的适应期可使TCP得到降解．实验结果表明：由于在没有共基质存在的条件下,葡萄糖降解茵和TCP降解菌均能利用TCP作为唯一碳源得到生长,并使TCP同时得到降解．因此在有共基质条件下,使TCP的降解效率提高的机理为次级利用,而非共代谢．     

甲胺磷降解菌的紫外诱变及高产菌株的筛选

通过紫外诱变育种从假单胞菌S-2中筛选出一株S-232。试验表明S-232在30℃,摇床220r/min的条件下6天降解甲胺磷达到74%,比出发菌株降解率提高了8~9%。30代降解结果表明S-232降解情况相对稳定。     

土壤石油高效降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其特性研究

从华中某油田石油污染土壤中分离筛选出了3株高效石油降解菌S-4、S-5和S-7,在30℃,200 r/min恒温摇床上震荡培养14 d后,石油烃降解率分别为41.60%、40.59%和43.53%。经16S r DNA基因序列鉴定,S-4、S-5和S-7分别属于肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和Kosakonia属。通过实验表明,菌株的最适降解pH为7,最佳氮源为硝酸铵(NH4NO3),最佳氮、磷比为5:1,在添加营养元素的条件下,经过48 d的降解,S-4、S-5和S-7菌株对土壤中石油烃总降解率分别为74.24%、71.66%和80.29%。     

一株3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶酚降解菌Delftia sp. DFT的分离鉴定及降解途径研究

微生物降解是消除农药残留物3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶酚(TCP)的有效方法,但其降解机制并不清楚。为探究TCP完整的代谢途径和降解机制。采用富集分离法从农田土壤中分离了一株TCP降解细菌,并分别通过高效液相色谱和液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)技术检测了菌株的降解性能,并鉴定了其代谢产物。该菌株为Delftia sp. DFT菌,它能在48 h内对50 mg/L的TCP降解率达34.28%,同时也能降解3,5-二氯-2-吡啶醇、6-氯-2-吡啶醇和2-羟基吡啶等其他氯代吡啶类化合物。在降解TCP过程中,共鉴定了12种不同的TCP代谢产物。初步推测水解-氧化脱氯途径、还原脱氯途径、反硝化及烷基化途径可能共同参与了菌株DFT对TCP的降解。据文献调研,这是首次在Delftia sp.菌中发现有四种可能的TCP代谢途径的报道,这为纯培养物中的TCP降解机制研究提供了参考信息。     

一株苯胺降解菌的筛选及其特性研究

通过驯化培养,从废水中分离出一株高效苯胺降解菌6#菌株.经鉴定,该菌为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),可在苯胺浓度低于5000×10-3g/mL的基础培养基上生长.6#菌株利用苯胺的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为7.0,该菌株还可以利用对氨基苯甲酸,但不能利用其他取代类苯胺化合物,该菌株在模拟工业废水中亦有较强的降解作用.     

白腐菌降解氯代农药的机理

确定了白腐菌在水中的静置培养条件,探讨了在该条件下白腐菌对水中微量氯代农药的生物降解情况及其降解机理．实验结果表明,白腐菌在含有ρ为０．０２％的葡萄糖、０．０３％的酒石酸铵和适量无机盐的培养液中,于３５℃,经５～７ｄ的静置培养可获得良好的菌丝,并对氯代农药有最大的降解效率（９０％以上）．对降解的部分中间产物的ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析表明,不同类氯代农药有不同的降解过程和机理     

低温菌株的筛选及酚降解能力的研究

为了寻找在低温条件下降解含酚污水的微生物,利用低温条件（6℃）从自然界筛选出2株在低温条件下有较强的生长率及代谢活性的菌株,经300μg/mL酚的诱导,分别培养于不同酚浓度及不同温度条件下,经过诱导的菌株耐酚和降解酚的能力有了显著的提高,菌株XD－1的酚最大致死匝原来300μg/mL提高到1200μg/mL,菌XX－2由300μg/mL提高到1000μg/mL,6℃g/mL酚浓度的降解时间由原来的7d缩致4d缩至4d,经生理生化反应鉴定,XD－1为Pseudomas stuzeri sp;XX－2为ACINETOBACTER GROUP NO=Isp,且其对醛酚的降解主要发生在生长对数工,经菌株的研究可望在低温条件下对水体中酚污染的去除起到重要的作用。     

对硝基苯酚降解菌Pseudomonas sp．HY1的分离与活性分析

通过驯化富集,从受污染的土壤中分离出一株降解对硝基苯酚（p-nitrophenol,PNP）的细菌．16SrDNA序列分析鉴定该菌为恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas sp．HY1．在有氧,pH7和30℃条件下,该菌能利用PNP为碳源和能源生长并将中等浓度（100mg／L）的PNP快速彻底的降解,高浓度（300mg／L）PNP条件下未检测到菌的生长和降解活性．该菌在15～40℃和pH值5～10的条件下具有降解PNP活性,其中碱性条件（pH8～10）和30℃时活性最高．     

高效低温苯胺降解菌JH-9的分离鉴定及特性

为获得高效低温苯胺降解细菌，采用变温培养驯化的方法，从化工厂活性污泥中分离得到一株苯胺降解菌JH-9．对该菌进行了形态学特征、生理生化指标、低温降解特性及酶活等方面研究．结果表明：该菌在10℃的低温条件下，培养42h，对初始质量浓度150mg／L的苯胺去除率为74％，52h内去除率可达100％．通过Sherlock脂肪酸鉴定系统分析，该菌属于Acinetobacter—calcoaceticus，最佳扩培接种量为10％，乙酸钠和葡萄糖作为第二基质促进低温下JH-9对苯胺的生物降解，NO3^-作为外加氮源会严重抑制JH-9对苯胺的生物降解．通过对苯胺降解的关键酶进行初步研究，得出该菌是通过间位开环裂解途径降解苯胺．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.