采用优势菌降解BTEX和石油烃的性能

针对石油开采对土壤的污染问题,采用从辽河油田石油污染土壤中筛选出的石油烃优势降解菌(B3、B6、F3)降解土壤中苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯(BTEX)。考察降解时间、通氧量、N/P比、pH、接种量和含油量等对菌株降解石油烃效果的影响。在BETX初始质量浓度分别为1.90、3.64、3.46、6.78(g·m-3)时,菌株对BTEX降解率分别为1.6%～16.8%、12.6%～18.7%、10.0%～13.3%、10.2%～21.1%。真菌曲霉属(Trichoderma sp.)F3菌株对BTEX降解效果最好。含油量对菌株降解石油烃效果影响最大。实验结果为微生物修复石油污染土壤提供一定理论依据。     

陕北地区高效石油降解菌的筛选及其对油污土壤的修复研究

通过筛选陕北地区的高效石油降解菌,为后续的土壤修复提供优良的菌种资源。本研究的石油降解菌分离来自延安市延长县某油井的土壤样品,通过以石油为唯一碳源,进行筛选、富集培养和平板划线分离,得到可降解石油的菌株,并采用紫外可见分光光度法测量其对富集培养基中的石油降解率。利用PCR扩增技术对筛选的石油降解菌的16S r DNA序列进行扩增,通过对16S r DNA序列的测定和NCBI数据库集进行基因序列比对确定其种属;在被石油污染过土壤中加入筛选出的石油降解菌进行修复试验,经50 d的修复反应,测定石油降解菌对油污土壤中石油的降解效率;最后通过种植小麦检验石油降解菌的降解效果。共筛选出3株高效的可降解石油的菌株:W1、W3、N4,三株菌均可以在以石油为唯一碳源的环境中生长,它们在富集培养基中的石油降解率分别为42. 55%,37. 18%和33. 57%,利用分子生物学技术对三株菌进行鉴定,结果是W1菌株为假单胞菌属,W3菌株为芽孢杆菌属,N4菌株为红球菌属。在菌株对油污土壤修复的研究中,菌W1和菌W3分别对油污土壤进行50 d的降解,土壤中石油量得到很大程度的降解,W1菌株的降油率为52. 20%,W3菌株的降油率为47. 84%,修复后土壤的质量对于小麦的生长没有影响。通过本研究课题,为陕北地区石油污染土壤修复提供了优良的菌种资源,同时为陕北地区的石油污染土壤的微生物修复提供了一定的科学依据。     

辽河油田冻融石油污染土壤中原位修复微生物

以辽河油田不同年代开采油井附近采取的土壤样品为研究对象,通过冻融模拟试验和采用选择性培养基筛选对石油污染土壤具有原位修复作用的优势微生物菌株,并比较油田冻结土壤与未冻结土壤中石油降解细菌与真菌的数量变化特征及其对石油的降解能力.结果表明,从未冻结土壤中筛选出石油降解细菌14株、石油降解真菌6株;从冻结土壤中筛选出石油降解细菌5株、石油降解真菌2株.石油降解细菌假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)的B3号菌株在37℃、7天时间内对石油的降解率最高,为30.2 %;石油降解真菌木霉属(Trichoderma sp.)的F3 号菌株在28℃、7天时间内对石油的降解率最高,为47.2 %.     

海洋石油降解菌的筛选与降解性能研究

从大连港表层被石油烃污染的海水中筛选出14株石油降解菌,并从中选出了一株优势菌(命名为HD-1)。通过16Sr DNA方法鉴定该菌株属于厦门栖东海菌属。该菌株接种后前1 d为对数增长期,2~10d为稳定期,10d后细菌密度下降。温度,营养盐和接种量都显著影响该株菌的石油烃降解效率:最佳降解温度为22℃,最佳氮源磷源组合为氯化铵+磷酸氢二钠。     

土壤中耐低温石油降解菌的优选、鉴定及降解性能分析

在低温条件下,从大港油田的石油污染土壤中富集分离出31株耐低温菌,在10℃经初步降解试验,优选出对原油的解率分别为47.64%和39.81%的耐低温高效菌株D17和D24,经鉴定分别为副球菌属和盐单孢菌属.进一步对2株高效菌在10℃进行土壤降解试验,单独投加D17,D24的除油效果明显高于不加菌的除油效果,在10℃经过15d,D17使每7 g土壤中的石油烃含量减少86.5 mg;D24使每7 g土壤中的石油烃含量减少15.8 mg.其中菌种D24的降解组分GC-MS分析表明,D24对饱和烃的降解贡献不大,对芳烃组分有较大程度的降解,且对芳烃重质组分的降解性能高于对轻质组分的降解性能.     

土壤中耐低温石油降解菌的优选、鉴定及降解性能分析

在低温条件下,从大港油田的石油污染土壤中富集分离出31株耐低温菌,在10℃经初步降解试验,优选出对原油的解率分别为47.64%和39.81%的耐低温高效菌株D17和D24,经鉴定分别为副球菌属和盐单孢菌属.进一步对2株高效菌在10℃进行土壤降解试验,单独投加D17,D24的除油效果明显高于不加菌的除油效果,在10℃经过15d,D17使每7 g土壤中的石油烃含量减少86.5mg;D24使每7 g土壤中的石油烃含量减少15.8 mg.其中菌种D24的降解组分GC-MS分析表明,D24对饱和烃的降解贡献不大,对芳烃组分有较大程度的降解,且对芳烃重质组分的降解性能高于对轻质组分的降解性能.     

石油降解菌株的筛选、初步鉴定及其特性

从含油污水中分离得到5株能高效降解石油的微生物菌株(P1、P2、P3、P4、P5). 根据形态学观察和生理生化实验对菌株进行鉴定,P1为节杆菌属(Arthrobacter sp.),P2为邻单胞菌属(Plesiomonas sp.),P3为假单胞菌属(pseudomonas sp.),P4为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.),P5为黄单胞菌属(Xanthomonas sp.). 对这5株菌的特性进行了研究,结果表明, P1、P2、P3、P4、P5在水样pH分别为9、7、8、8、8时,出现最大降解率,在10 g/L原油培养基中培养7 d分别能降解50.20%、55.59%、61.90%、55.66%和55.95%的原油. 接种量、盐度、通氧量、温度、油质量浓度、营养盐对石油的降解率有较大的影响. 通过对残油组分的GC-MS分析,确定各菌对C7～C17的直链烃有较好的降解效果.     

一株烃降解菌的分离鉴定及耐盐机制

随着科学技术与工业经济的发展,石油的开采量也在逐年提升,在其开采以及加工处理过程中会产生大量含有较高盐分的含油废水难以处理,因此对高耐盐度烃类降解菌的筛选极为重要。从新疆油田石油污染土壤中分离得到一株以柴油为唯一碳源的耐盐菌株HX-2,通过生理生化特征、菌体形态观察及16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定菌株HX-2属于红球菌属(Rhodococcus),该菌株可耐受的最高盐度(Na Cl)和柴油浓度分别为10%和8 000 mg/L。菌株生长及降解的最适p H和温度分别为7. 0和25℃,在盐度为5%以内、p H为7. 0、温度为25℃、菌种投加量为2%的条件下,初始浓度为4 000 mg/L的柴油经4 d降解后,去除率均超过50%以上,且盐度为10%仍有10. 3%的降解率。对其耐盐机制进行分析表明细胞内相容性物质(甜菜碱)的含量随着盐浓度的增加而增大,说明甜菜碱的积累是菌株抵抗高盐浓度的主要机制。通过外源添加甜菜碱可以改善菌株在高盐条件下的生长情况并提高柴油降解率。因此,菌株HX-2是一株在盐渍化烃类污染修复方面极具应用潜力的烃降解菌。     

添加混合菌剂对石油污染土壤的降解

从甘肃华庆油田污染严重的土壤中富集培养、筛选分离得到A6,A5,D4,F1和F2共5种菌属的降解石油菌,在实验条件下向土壤中添加上述5种菌不同浓度的混合菌剂,并对土壤中的脱氢酶活性、土壤溶液电导率、氮磷的变化对石油污染土壤的降解率的影响进行研究.研究结果表明:当土壤中石油含量为50 g/kg时,加入高效降解菌的石油降解率比没有加菌剂的降解效率高,添加2％,4％和8％菌剂48 d的降解率分别为68.01％,80.42％和78.47％,均大于CK(没有任何组分)的降解率45.50％,4种处理中4％菌剂的修复效果最显著.添加的有机肥中氮和磷的含量是影响石油降解率的主要因素,只有加适量的有机肥如4％才能使降解效果最好.混合菌株降解石油表现出先降解高碳数正构烷烃为低碳数正构烷烃,高碳数正构烷烃中奇数碳向偶数碳正构烷烃演化的规律;原油中类异戊二烯烷烃在混合菌7d的作用过程中发生明显降解,菌株能较好地促使五环三萜类化合物立体构型中不稳定构型向稳定性构型转化的演化规律.     

高效石油降解菌株的筛选及菌群的构建

从海南澄迈油井周围污染的土壤中采集样品,以原油为唯一碳源,经初筛、复筛得到13株具降解石油性能的微生物,其中J-2、J-4、J-12、J-13菌株在培养10 d后,其石油降解率分别可达到27.92%、37.36%、30.98%和14.10%.选择这4株菌进行2株菌、3株菌、4株菌的混合培养,构建了11个降解石油的微生物体系,研究发现J-2与J-4混合菌群降解效果最好,高达71.58%,明显优于其他的混合菌群体系和单菌株的降解效果.根据形态学观察和生理生化特征对这4种菌株进行鉴定,初步确定为粉红头孢霉属(Cephaesosp),青霉属(Penicillium),链霉菌属(Streptomyces)和黄单胞菌属(Xanthomonas).     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.