球虫感染对雏鸡若干血液生理指标的影响

为了解混合球虫感染对雏鸡血液生理指标的影响,选择78只14日龄雏鸡随机分为6组,进行人工感染球虫试验。其中组为对照组,不感染球虫, ～组分别人工感染0.6×105,1.2×105,1.8×105,2.4×105,3.0×105个孢子化球虫卵囊,观察雏鸡临床症状及测定血液中的红细胞、白细胞、血红蛋白含量等指标。结果表明:雏鸡随感染强度增加临床症状加重, 组、组死亡率均为23.08%,其余各组未见死亡。各感染组雏鸡血液从第4天起Hb显著下降,第6天降至最低,且各期的Hb随感染球虫数量的增加呈下降趋势;感染后第6天,红细胞总数均有所下降, 组、组与对照组比较差异显著;白细胞总数均有所上升, 组、组、组淋巴细胞百分率显著增加,嗜中性白细胞百分率显著降低,而嗜酸性、嗜碱性及单核细胞百分率无明显差异。     

柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株(Eimeria tenella)生物学研究

采用单卵囊分离方法从厦门地区饲养的鸡盲肠中获得艾美尔球虫,经显微观察、测量和感染实验,从寄生部位、卵囊形态、孢子化时间和潜伏期等指标测定,实验结果:采用琼脂板方法分离和挑选单卵囊方法进行感染效果理想,单卵囊感染小鸡成功率为60%.该球虫寄生在鸡盲肠部位,其余部位未发现,卵囊形态长卵圆形,长25.80(23.5～28.5),宽20.86(18.5～23.5),长/宽:1.23(1.21～1.27),27℃条件下孢子化时间为20 h.,潜伏期为146 h.与国内一些株进行比较存在差别,确定该艾美尔球虫为柔嫩艾美尔球虫(Eimeriatenella),并定名为柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株.     

柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株生物学（Eimeria tenella）研究

采用单卵囊分离方法从厦门地区饲养的鸡盲肠中获得艾美尔球虫．经显微观察、测量和感染实验．从寄生部位、卵囊形态、孢子化时间和潜伏期等指标测定．实验结果：采用琼脂板方法分离和挑选单卵囊方法进行感染效果理想。单卵囊感染小鸡成功率为60％．该球虫寄生在鸡盲肠部位．其余部位未发现．卵囊形态长卵圆形．长25．80(23．5～28．5)．宽20．86(18．5～23．5)．长／宽：1．23(1．21～1．27)．27℃条件下孢子化时间为20h．．潜伏期为146h．与国内一些株进行比较存在差别．确定该艾美尔球虫为柔嫩艾美尔球虫(Eimeria tenella)，并定名为柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株．     

中药制剂对鸡球虫病的疗效

将 60只 11日龄公雏随机分成 6组 ,分别为不感染不给药组 ,感染不给药组 ,中药Ⅰ组 ,中药Ⅱ组 ,盐霉素组和地克珠利组。除不感染不给药组的鸡只外 ,其余全部试验鸡每只口服接种混合球虫卵囊 2 .4× 10 5 个。根据各组鸡的存活率、相对增重率、病变记分、血便记分和抗球虫指数等指标进行药物疗效判定。试验结果表明 :中药Ⅰ存活率达 10 0 % ,相对增重率为 94.94% ,平均血便记分 1.0 ,病变值和卵囊值均为 5 ,抗球虫指数183.94,为高效抗球虫药 ,其效果与地克珠利相近 ,但显著高于盐霉素组。中药Ⅱ抗球虫指数仅为 131.67,疗效较差。     

鸡艾美耳球虫单卵囊分离与种类鉴定

为了建立鸡球虫纯株,选用1~5日龄雏鸡,采用琼脂块单卵囊分离法对实验室保存的6种11株鸡球虫进行纯化,并选用2周龄雏鸡,对每个虫种/株选取1个单卵囊分离物进行增殖和种类鉴定.结果单卵囊接种179只,获得单卵囊分离物42个,单卵囊分离成功率23.46%;对11个单卵囊分离物,通过测定寄生部位、潜在期、孢子化卵囊大小、形状指数(长/宽)、孢子囊大小、最短孢子化时间等指标,鉴定出1个分离物为堆形艾美耳球虫(Eimeria acervulina)、2个分离物为柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)、6个分离物为巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)、1个分离物为变位艾美耳球虫(E.mivati)、1个分离物为毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatrix).本研究表明琼脂块单卵囊分离法简便易行、成功率较高,同时提示实验室保存的布氏艾美耳球虫(E.brunetti)被柔嫩艾美耳球虫污染.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫早熟株选育及相关生物学特性

为了研究柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)早熟株与母株之间基本生物学特性的差异,运用Jeffers创立的艾美耳属球虫早熟株选育方法对E.tenella进行了连续26代的早熟选育,并通过对早熟株与母株的孢子化卵囊大小、繁殖能力以及致病性等指标进行测定,分析E.tenella早熟株与母株之间基本生物学特性的差异.经过早熟选育后,其潜在期由母株的141 h缩短至118 h;早熟株的孢子化卵囊大小比母株的明显减小(P<0.05);繁殖能力与母株的相当(P>0.05);在致病性方面,4个剂量组的早熟株平均增重与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),而母株组与对照组相比平均增重显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01);4个剂量的早熟株组死亡率均为0,而母株组分别为0,25%,25%及31.3%;感染剂量越大,早熟株与母株间病变记分差异越显著.经选育的E.tenella早熟株具有潜在期缩短,致病性较母株弱以及繁殖力与母株相当等特点.     

地克珠利和马杜霉素联合应用的抗球虫作用观察

选用220只10日龄海兰褐公雏口服柔嫩艾美尔孢子化卵囊制造人工感染球虫病模型，以相对存活率、相对增重率、盲肺病变值和盲肪卵囊值等为观察指标，以抗球虫指数为判定标准，观察地克珠利与马杜霉素联合应用的抗球虫作用。结果表明：地克珠利与马杜霉素以临床单用剂量联用呈中效，ACI值为162．9：以临床单用剂量的0．8倍、0．64倍联用均呈强效，ACI值分别为192．1和206．5；而低于临床单用剂量的0.512倍联用呈弱效或无效。     

E.tenella河北株重组蛋白IL-2-AMA-1对雏鸡血清主要细胞因子和免疫器官指数的影响

为了确定E. tenella河北株AMA-1基因在毕赤酵母系统中表达产物-重组蛋白IL-2-AMA-1对鸡血清主要细胞因子和免疫器官指数的影响,将150只雏鸡分成5个组,每组30只,第1,第2组分别为阴性对照组和阳性对照组,第3,第4,第5组在7,14,21日龄时分别肌肉注射重组AMA-1蛋白50,100,150μg。在28日龄时,除阴性对照组外,每只鸡经口灌服0.5 mL孢子化卵囊液,其中E. tenella孢子化卵囊含量1.6×10~8个/L,在试验的第14,21,28,35天时每组采集5只鸡心血收集血清,测定其IL-2,IFN-γ的质量浓度。试验第28天时对采血的鸡只剖杀,取脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊进行称质量,并计算免疫器官指数。结果表明,第3组血清IL-2和IFN-γ含量最高,在试验的第21,28,35天时均显著高于第1第2组;在试验的第21,35天时血清IL-2的质量浓度,试验的第35天时血清IFN-γ的质量浓度,与第4组比较也达差异显著水平(P0.05)。第3第4第5组的脾脏指数、胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均显著高于第2组(P0.05),与第1组比较差异不显著(P0.05)。由此表明,适量的重组蛋白IL-2-AMA-1能显著提高雏鸡感染球虫前后的免疫水平,从而提高抗球虫能力。     

柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株感染宿主艾维因雏鸡引起血清生理生化变化

为研究柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株(Eimeri tenella,Xiamen strain)感染宿主后造成的血清生化指标的变化,选择14日龄艾维因雏鸡(Avian chicken)80只,随机分为两组,一组(n=40只)感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株,另一组为对照(n=40只),分别于感染后的第2～8天从颈静脉取血,通过检测血清中的生化指标,探讨鸡感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株后对血清生化指标的影响,检测结果显示,感染球虫后引起升高的指标有ALT、血清葡萄糖、肌酐和尿酸.而降低的指标包括AST、Na 、Ca 、K .其中ALT、AST、Ca 、血清葡萄糖和尿酸等指标在感染后第7天逐渐向正常指标回归,Na 、K 和肌酐等指标在第7天仍然沿着原先的趋势升高或降低.说明宿主感染柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株后,多数指标与球虫致病作用强弱相一致,而有些指标却由于宿主生理功能的严重损害,在短期内无法恢复.实验结果表明柔嫩艾美尔球虫厦门株可以引起宿主肝功能,肾功能及离子水平的改变,尤其是肾功能的损害可能是造成鸡死亡的一个重要因素.     

人工感染鸡球虫病发病规律的研究

为确定鸡球虫病的发病规律 ,进行了人工感染试验 ,将 78只 1 4日龄公雏随机分成 6组 ,第 1组为对照组 ,第 2～ 6组分别按 6× 1 0 4 、1 2× 1 0 4 、1 8× 1 0 4 、2 4× 1 0 4 、30× 1 0 4 个 /只人工感染孢子化混合卵囊 ,观察其临床症状和病理变化 ,并测定O P G值和Hb含量。结果表明 ,感染后第 3天 ,感染组均开始食欲下降 ;第 4天排出血便 ,高峰期在感染后 5～ 6d ;感染后第 4天有卵囊排出 ,O P G值在第 7天达高峰 ;病变出现在十二指肠和盲肠 ;感染后 4～ 6d的Hb含量显著下降。其中以第 5、第 6组临床表现最为严重 ,死亡率均为 2 3 0 8%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.