面向LED芯片检测与分选的机器视觉定位系统的开发

LED芯片定位是进行芯片检测、划片、扩晶、固晶及判断芯片电气特性、芯片管脚是否达到要求,能否成功分选LED芯片质量的关键一环.针对这一问题,首先根据定位系统的结构原理,对LED芯片高精度定位系统进行了方案设计并构建出其硬件结构.其次分析研究了定位系统的视觉部分,并运用图像处理中的模板匹配算法,解决了LED芯片的精确识别与可靠定位.然后对定位系统的运动控制滑台部分进行设计,通过运动控制卡发脉冲操作驱动器控制直线伺服电机运动,并采用直线光栅检测技术进行位置反馈,从而实现滑台伺服系统X轴、Y轴、Z轴和θ角等方向上的精确定位.最后对定位系统的视觉软件、运动控制软件等部分进行设计,其中视觉软件采用VB6.0开发操作界面、图像处理软件Halcon10.0进行识别和定位,运动控制软件进行滑台的运动控制,从而获得LED芯片在晶圆上的精确位置.分别采用机器视觉、滑台伺服控制、光栅检测反馈和高精度图像模板匹配技术,研制出LED芯片高精度定位的自动化检测系统.实验测试结果表明,其图像定位精度误差小于1μm,滑台定位精度误差4μm,整体定位系统定位精度小于5μm,定位速度大于5粒/秒LED芯片.因此,该系统不但能够满足定位系统的科研需求,也能推广应用到生产中去,为芯片级高精度定位系统开辟了新的方法.     

微计算机工业图象输入及其在全自动键合中的应用

本文扼要介绍了以工业电视摄像机配上TRS—80 I型微计算机,研制出具有机器视觉功能的工业图像输入及其识别的实验装置,并成功地应用于全自动键合系统中进行集成电路芯片焊点位置的自动对准。     

用于三维封装的多层芯片键合对准技术

采用离心力使硅片直角边与模具凹槽直角边贴紧对准的思想,提出了一种用于三维系统封装的多芯片对准技术.基于该技术原理制作了对准装置,并实现了多芯片一次性对准键合(6层芯片).具体过程包括:加工带方形凹槽的模具;将芯片切割为形状一致的方形,并保证边缘整齐;将芯片置入凹槽并旋转模具,对准后停止旋转并夹紧固定堆叠芯片;将固定后的芯片转移至键合腔内实现键合,试验测试键合后对准误差为4μm.具体分析了影响多层芯片对准精度的因素,并提出了优化方案,论证了离心对准技术的可行性.     

浅析基于机器视觉的芯片标识识别系统

本文详细介绍了机器视觉系统的组成,并对基于机器视觉的芯片标识识别系统的特点进行了阐述,最后对芯片标识识别系统的整体框架和构成作了一一介绍。     

图像处理耦合机器视觉的芯片表面缺陷检测研究与应用

微电子工业中芯片表面外观检查需求已广泛存在,而人眼检测已愈来愈不能对应当前自动化、数字化的要求.当前已有图像处理技术应用在电子芯片外观检查上,但往往没有整套的系统,只是针对某个问题提出算法或解决方法.对此,提出了一个图像处理耦合机器视觉的芯片表面缺陷检查系统,并在软件硬件上集成实现.首先设计并搭建光源取像平台;然后基于轮廓定位芯片ROI区域,识别各种缺陷.最后,引入IO卡控制传动伺服、读码器记录芯片ID、基于Socket通信完成电算统计,从而完善整个系统.对比实验结果显示:与人工检测方法相比,所提方案具备更高的效率和精度.     

会展视觉形象设计中展台识别系统的设计与实现

传统展台识别系统是单感官识别系统,无法实现多感官的展台识别,为此设计了一种新型的展台识别系统.该系统使用"一对多"承接系统框架,建立3个识别模块,导入多感官识别数据,对视觉数据进行采集,提取视觉关键信息,使用行为捕捉机制对多感官数据进行采集;对采集数据进行搭配分析,完成理念识别机制,综合多项识别数据信息实现展台识别.实验结果表明,在视觉识别、空间识别、理念识别等方面,所设计展台识别系统优于传统展台识别系统,并且能够进行多感官的识别.     

折反式LED光源准直系统设计

利用光学传播原理,结合LED光源的发光特点,经过二次光学设计,设计出由透镜和反光杯构成的LED光源准直系统。基于TracePro软件,分析出当折反组分临界角在45°～55°之间,折反系统组装尺寸只有2 080 mm3;并且分析得到,对于此系统,当光源面积采用1 mm×1 mm的LED芯片时,光束发散半角小于3°。分析结果表明,该准直系统,弥补了LED照明光源发散的缺点,设计结构紧凑,准直效果良好。     

基于机器视觉的交通标志识别系统设计

以MATLAB的Simulink和计算机视觉工具箱为基础,分析了其在交通标志识别中的应用。交通标志识别系统采用Simulink模块进行搭建。系统由视频输入、检测识别和视频显示模块构成。视频输入模块对采集视频中的视频帧进行颜色空间转换,检测识别模块通过函数编写来实现当前图像与模板库标志对比来识别交通标志。为验证系统的有效性,通过对行车记录仪视频进行实验,实验结果表明,系统可以对交通标志进行有效识别,实时性和鲁棒性较好。     

基于视觉的橘类水果识别系统设计

水果采摘作为水果生产过程中的一个重要环节,具有季节性强和劳动密集的特点,所占用的劳动力数量较大且整体自动化程度较低。为提高水果采摘效率,设计了一种基于视觉的橘类水果识别系统,基于水果的颜色特征、霍夫圆检测原理进行成熟橘类水果的识别,使用深度摄像头实现目标的定位。以蜜桔为研究对象,分别在正常光线无遮挡、正常光线有遮挡以及外部光源补光的情况下开展试验研究。试验结果表明,提出的基于视觉的橘类水果识别系统能够为水果识别与定位技术提供技术支撑和可靠数据,为实现水果智能化采摘样机的研制奠定基础。     

基于计算机视觉的混凝土裂缝识别

为降低对结构表面进行裂缝识别的经济和时间成本,而采用计算机视觉技术、使用消费级照相机对裂缝图片进行处理,识别裂缝区域和测量裂缝宽度,包括图像模糊、图像增强、形态学运算、图像畸变校准、连通域标记、孤立点消除、裂缝碎片拼接等.对提取出的裂缝区域,统计裂缝发展方向,计算其对应的裂缝长度及宽度.通过钢筋混凝土梁静力加载试验,对梁表面裂缝进行拍摄,在实验室条件下得知裂缝宽度误差在0.1 mm左右.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.