深海采矿储料罐输送设备固液两相流数值计算与分析

针对深海采矿所使用的水泵与储料罐组合的矿石输送设备在矿石输送过程中矿石输送浓度难以控制,不利于矿石稳定和持续输送等问题,基于Fluent软件中的Euler-Euler模型,采用SIMPLE算法和标准k-ε湍流模型对储料罐输送设备内固液两相流进行数值计算和分析.计算结果表明:储料罐内的矿石在inlet1的水射流冲击和自身重力作用下能顺利进入输送管道,在inlet2水射流的卷吸和不断紊动稀释作用下,在出口处能得到稳定持续的矿浆流.同时,仿真结果表明:矿石体积分数随粒径增大而变小,当矿石粒径在5～10 mm范围内时矿石输送的体积分数保持在10％左右;随着储料罐内矿石堆积高度增加,矿石输送体积分数有所增大,但增大的幅度很小;随着inletl速度增大,矿石输送体积分数也相应升高,两者之间呈良好的线性关系,因此通过阀门控制inletl的水流速度就可以实现对矿石输送体积分数的控制;最后通过实验验证该输送设备的可行性,并进一步验证通过控制inletl入口速度控制矿石输送体积分数.     

深海采矿矿浆泵的设计方法研究

针对深海采矿矿浆泵尚无成熟的设计方法,基于垂直管道水力输送理论,文章提出了矿浆泵设计参数的理论公式,并对不同工作水深及矿石体积分数下的输送系统进行了分析;采用数值模拟方法分析了几何参数对泵性能的影响。分析结果表明:将体积分数为5%~10%的多金属结核从1 000m和6 000m海底提升至海面所需泵的扬程分别为78.04~130.05m和440.63~735.17m,考虑装备制造的技术能力,矿石体积分数宜控制在8%以下;叶轮叶片数推荐值为4~5,以满足扬程和效率的要求;适当增大叶片进口角可改善泵的抗气蚀性能。最后,通过试验验证了数值分析方法的准确性。     

深海采矿输送系统的运动和载荷分析

根据深海采矿软管输送系统大变形的特点,针对输送软管两端在采矿船和采矿车的牵引下运动,同时受到浮力、重力、海浪、海流、海水阻力和管内流体等复杂载荷耦合作用的情况,运用海浪和海流理论、流体力学和Morsion阻力方程,对输送系统的运动和外部载荷进行了分析,得出了海水对管道运动阻力计算公式和管内流体运动对管道作用力计算公式,并对上述公式进行了合理简化,为深海采矿输送系统的静态分析提供了理论依据.图3,参12.     

水泵扬程流量与空调管路系统阻力流量匹配系统的研究 ——中央空调水系统

中央空调是现代建筑中不可或缺的空气调节系统。如何提供一种水泵的高效输送法一直是业内专家们探索的问题。根据中央空调水管系统的流量与阻力改变水泵的流量与扬程,利用进出水压差和变频器控制水泵转速以调节单台水泵满足多台主机流量扬程匹配;设计了一台水泵能满足一台以上中央空调系统流量的设备,技术上解决了开启部分而系统阻力过小扬程过大问题,多泵并联效率下降的问题,系统流量阻力与水泵扬程流量不能匹配的问题。     

海浪和海流作用下的深海采矿输送系统参数分析

根据深海采矿输送管道在采矿船牵引下运动,同时受到管道和管内流体重力、浮力和海水阻力作用的情况,采用有限元对输送软管进行了计算分析.从计算结果的比较分析可知:在输送管道下端安装浮体,得到了一种十分理想的采矿系统;海流和海浪对管道上端的结点反力有较大的影响,对管道下端的结点反力和管道的形状影响较小;采矿船运动对管道产生很大的阻力,对管道两端的结点反力和管道形状影响都很大.图8,表1,参9.     

深海采矿高扬程粗颗粒多级输送电泵研究

针对扬矿电泵高扬程、粗颗粒过流及轴向流等问题,以深海采矿多级输送电泵整体设计为研究对象,通过对比国内外优秀的深海采矿泵模型,提出高扬程粗颗粒多级输送电泵的设计方法,并进行四级扬矿电泵设计。分析并计算多级输送电泵所受的外载荷、轴向力和螺栓承受的拉力,利用有限元分析软件对泵体的强度和刚度进行计算,最后对两级扬矿电泵的工作特性进行实验研究。研究结果表明:当设计流量为432 m3/h时,两级电泵的扬程为82 m;当结核浆体体积分数为0~10%时,泵的功率-流量曲线变化平缓,泵的颗粒过流能力强,泵的各部件均满足强度和刚度的要求,验证了多级输送电泵设计方法的有效性。     

软管空间形态的风洞试验和仿真计算

软管在深海采矿系统中是连接中继舱和集矿机的输送枢钮.在海洋工程领域,计算软管流体阻力采用莫里逊公式,其中阻力系数是双参数迎角和雷诺数的函数.用相似性原理进行风洞试验,测量了法向和切向阻力系数随迎角和雷诺数的变化关系.根据二元拉格朗日抛物线插值方法,计算得到软管移动过程中任意空间姿态时的阻力系数及相应的流体阻力.同时通过支座位移非线性迭代法结合空间梁结构非线性有限元分析理论加Newton-Raphson荷载增量法计算了软管空间形态随集矿机移动的变化过程.     

长距离超高扬程输水系统水锤防护模拟研究

为研究长距离、超高扬程、一次加压提升的长距离输水系统水锤防护问题,结合我国西北地区某工程实例,针对超高扬程达370 m、一次加压提升的长距离输水系统建立了水锤防护设备模型.以特征线法对其进行求解,分别以两阶段控制阀、单向调压塔、气压罐为水锤防护设备方案,建立水锤防护设备模型,分别模拟分析事故停泵管线水锤防护效果,最终通过综合对比技术性能和经济性能来确定最优的水锤防护方案.结果表明,对于超高扬程、一次加压提升的长距离输水系统,在水泵出口处设置气压罐进行水锤防护,能够有效缓解过高和过低的水锤压力,水锤防护效果好.针对不同长距离输水工程特点,建立各种水锤防护设备模型,以特征线法进行求解,其求解结果有效指导水锤防护方案的优选.     

深海采矿扬矿软管流固耦合力学分析

采用三维流固耦合有限元模型,研究在复杂深海工况下扬矿软管的初始平衡构形、空间位移、主应力等特性,探讨外部海流速度内部矿物流体的提升速度、屈服应力、粘性系数以及软管的弹性模量等因素的影响.计算结果表明:随着集矿机向中间仓水平移动距离的增加,软管弯曲变形和侧向位移均增加;当流体的提升速度vi较低(vi≤4m/s)时,软管最大侧向位移Ymax与最大主应力σ1随vi的增大增幅均较小;:当vi较高(vi>4m/s)时,Ymax与σ1均随vi急剧增加;软管Ymax与σ1均随着流体屈服应力τ0的增加而增加,随着流体粘性系数μ和软管弹性模量E的增加反而减少;为确保管道系统的安全稳定,提高深海采矿效率,建议控制集矿机的工作行程(如100 m以内)和矿物流提升速度(如2.5～4 m/s),并采用有效的集矿方式(如延长集矿机内矿物破碎和脱泥时间、降低矿物粒径及矿物流浓度、减少泥沙含量等)以降低τ0和增大μ,同时选用弹性模量适中的软管材料.     

深海采矿扬矿管几何非线性静力分析

针对深海采矿输送系统中阶梯扬矿管承受轴向力过高容易断裂和连接部位容易出现应力集中的问题,提出一种低密度和高强度的碳纤维复合管应用于深海采矿输送系统.根据扬矿管在采矿船静止和等速拖航运动时,受到管道和管内流体重力、浮力和海水阻力作用的情况,采用有限元对碳纤维复合管和阶梯钢管进行计算分析.研究结果表明:当采矿船静止时,碳纤维复合管的弯矩和弯曲应力与阶梯钢管的差别很小,但碳纤维复合管的轴向力不到阶梯钢管的1/4,相比阶梯钢管,碳纤维复合管能承受更大的轴向载荷;当采矿船以0.5 m/s等速拖航时,2种扬矿管的轴向力、弯矩相比采矿船静止时变化不大,但碳纤维复合管的弯曲应力比阶梯钢管小一半,可克服阶梯管刚性连接时弯曲应力过大的缺点.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.