脉冲激光对非晶硅薄膜晶化现象的影响

太阳能是一种新型环保可再生能源,硅太阳能电池是目前太阳能最常见的应用形式。相对晶体硅而言,成本较低的非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池是当前新能源领域研究的热门。非晶硅薄膜的退火工艺是非晶硅太阳能电池生产中的一个重要环节,本文采用石英玻璃作为衬底材料,利用PECVD法沉积非晶硅薄膜,使用YAG激光器对非晶硅薄膜进行退火处理,研究脉冲激光对非晶硅薄膜的晶化现象。实验结果表明,脉冲激光退火工艺可使非晶硅薄膜快速结晶,生成纳米级微晶颗粒,其尺寸满足非晶硅太阳能电池的生产要求。     

铝膜沉积温度对非晶硅薄膜晶化的影响

采用磁控溅射(Magnetron Sputtering,MS)方法,研究了不同的退火温度及铝的沉积温度对非晶硅薄膜晶化的影响.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同温度沉积的铝薄膜表面结构及形貌进行了分析;并利用光学显微镜,拉曼散射仪(RAMAN)对退火后的薄膜表面形态和结构进行了分析.实验结果表明:适当温度退火可以有效提高对非晶硅的诱导作用,提高铝膜的沉积温度对于非晶硅薄膜晶化有促进作用;在650℃的退火温度下增加铝的沉积温度可显著提高非晶硅的晶化效果.     

基于TiO_2/Perovskite/P3HT结构的n-i-p型钙钛矿电池的电极界面优化与器件性能

以TiO_2/钙钛矿(PVSK)/P3HT的n-i-p型钙钛矿电池作为研究对象,研究了TiO_2薄膜退火温度对TiO_2薄膜的结晶性、基于此的钙钛矿薄膜的形貌以及光伏器件性能的影响,比较了P3HT的掺杂以及不同批次P3HT材料对钙钛矿太阳能电池器件性能的影响。结果表明:TiO_2薄膜的退火工艺及P3HT的批次对器件性能影响较大。TiO_2薄膜的制备工艺设为退火温度为300℃,退火时间为45min,提高TiO_2的退火温度到500℃,钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率可提高到11.27%.通过优化钙钛矿薄膜厚度为190nm,制备得到光电转换效率为6.77%的钙钛矿薄膜光伏电池。基于低温TiO_2为电子传输层、掺杂P3HT为空穴传输层的器件性能为开路电压VOC=0.98V,短路电流J_(SC)=19.94mA/cm~2,填充因子f_F=0.42,转换效率η(PCE)=8.18%.TiO_2电子传输层和P3HT空穴传输层的系统优化对制备高性能n-i-p结构钙钛矿电池具有重要意义。     

DSSC用钒掺杂二氧化钛薄膜的制备及性能表征

为获得高性能电池用二氧化钛薄膜,采用射频磁控溅射法制备了掺V的TiO2薄膜.使用分光光度计、催化反应器和电化学工作站等研究了溅射时间、退火温度和掺钒量等对TiO2薄膜光学性能、光催化性能和超亲水性和电学性能的影响.研究表明溅射时间越长,薄膜紫外光区的透射率越低.3h条件下,在小于400nm区域内,溅射薄膜的透射率已经降至60%以下.退火温度对薄膜的亲水性能和光催化性能有一定的影响,经400℃退火的薄膜具有较好的光催化性能和超亲水性.掺V使薄膜的吸收峰红移和禁带宽度变窄,当掺杂量为0.5%时,TiO2薄膜红移量最大,禁带宽度变也为2.88eV.将制备的掺钒二氧化钛薄膜制备成染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC),结果表明掺V量为0.5%的二氧化钛薄膜的光响应范围增大,所制备电池的开路电压和短路电流都高于未掺杂电池,其中短路电流从24.82μA增大到了88.15μA.表明电池的综合性能有所提高.     

非晶硅太阳电池在反偏压下的光照特性

研究了温度循环和在反偏压下强光照对非晶硅太阳电池性能的影响。电池在90℃,4.5V反偏压下,经550mW/cm~2 的卤钨灯光照后,短路电流增加.光致衰降减小,长波响应改善.用内电场的变化进行了解释.     

量子阱GaAs太阳电池性能随质子辐照注量的变化

2MeV,1×109～2×1013 cm-2质子辐照量子阱GaAs太阳电池,用I-V特性和光谱响应测试分析辐射效应.研究表明,随辐照注量增大,电池Isc,Voc,Pmax衰降程度增大,相同的注量,Pmax衰降程度最大.当辐照注量大于3×1012 cm-2时,电池Isc衰降程度比Voc的大,当注量小于3×1012 cm-2时,电池Voc衰降程度比Isc的大,与量子阱结构受到损失有关.在整个波长范围,随辐照注量增加,相对光谱响应的衰降变化增大,在900～1000nm波长范围,2×1013 cm-2质子辐照电池使量子阱光谱响应特性消失.     

铝分层诱导晶化非晶硅的研究

铝诱导晶化(AIC)法是一种低成本、低温制备高质量多晶硅薄膜的方法.采用磁控溅射和自然氧化法在石英衬底上生长铝/三氧化二铝/非晶硅结构的材料,然后进行低温(低于硅铝共熔温度577℃)退火处理.通过共焦显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线衍射(XRD)手段进行表征.结果表明,退火后薄膜分为两层,上层是铝、非晶硅和多晶硅的连续混合膜,随退火时间增加,上层晶化率快速增加;下层形成了完全晶化的大尺寸多晶硅晶粒,晶粒结晶质量接近单晶硅;增加退火时间,下层晶粒增长很缓慢;降低退火温度,下层晶粒尺寸明显增大;形成的多晶硅薄膜均具有高度(111)择优取向.并且,进一步地对上述退火过程中样品的变化行为作出分析.     

激光退火技术对多晶硅太阳能电池薄膜处理的新进展

硅薄膜及其太阳电池研究已经成为国际光伏领域研究的热点,但硅薄膜太阳能电池在生产工艺上存在成本较高的问题,其中非晶硅薄膜的退火工艺是制约生产成本的一个重要环节。本文利用激光退火方法对高掺杂多晶硅衬底的非晶硅外延薄膜进行处理,实验结果表明,激光退火实现了非晶硅薄膜的晶化,电性能达到太阳能电池板的生产要求。     

退火对薄膜P3HT-PCBM太阳能电池的光电性能影响

以吩聚噻(P3HT)/C60的衍生物(PCBM)为活性层的太阳能电池为研究对象,研究薄膜退火对电池光电性能的影响.结果表明,退火能够提高材料的结晶度,增加光的透射率,降低反射率.在140℃温度下退火,该器件光电转化效率最大.     

温度对太阳能电池特性的影响

对硅太阳能电池温度特性进行实验研究。在无光照条件下,太阳能电池可看做成一个PN结,正向电流在确定外加电压下是随着温度升高而增大的。用高压氙灯模拟太阳光,测得太阳能下电池不同温度的光照特性。温度升高使得太阳能电池短路电流Isc小幅升高,开路电压Voc降低明显,填充因子下降,光电转换效率明显下降。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-