微注射人TCP10L基因对斑马鱼形态的影响

利用模式生物斑马鱼,通过微注射的方法,研究了人肝脏特异性转录因子TCP10L对斑马鱼早期胚胎发育的影响.结果显示:人TCP10L基因对斑马鱼胚胎发育有一定的毒性.表现为早期的脊索发育异常,个体严重畸形;当血液循环出现后,表现为血流延缓和围心腔水肿等症状.该项研究表明:人肝脏特异性转录因子TCP10L在斑马鱼胚胎中的过表达会引起显著的形态异常和心血管障碍,并且这种影响与其是否在斑马鱼肝内的特异表达有关,为进一步探明该转录因子在人肝脏内发挥的功能奠定了基础.     

乙肝病毒hbx基因诱导斑马鱼胚胎发育背部化畸形

为了研究HBX对胚胎发育的影响,从含有HBX基因的质粒上转录HBX mRNA,显微注射入斑马鱼早期胚胎,在bud期进行表型观察,并用全胚胎原位杂交法检测HBX对斑马鱼胚胎早期发育的影响,用脊索标记基因ntl和骨骼肌标记基因MyoD作为探针检测胚胎发育背部化的特征表型。首次发现HBX的表达引起斑马鱼胚胎早期发育背部化畸形,HBX过量表达的胚胎背部化表型与早期胚胎wnt缺失表达导致的胚胎发育背部化表型一致,HBX可能通过激活wnt/β-catenin信号通路的表达和调控,造成胚胎发育背部化的畸形。     

斑马鱼Cyclin C的cDNA克隆及其在发育过程中的表达

细胞周期蛋白C(cyclin C)与细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶cdk8结合,通过磷酸化RNA 聚合酶 II 和 TFIIH调控转录.在脊椎动物胚胎发育过程中有关细胞周期蛋白C合子型转录激活机制尚知甚少.本研究克隆了斑马鱼细胞周期蛋白C基因,并用Northern杂交和整体原位杂交技术检测其在胚胎发育过程中的表达状态.结果显示,斑马鱼细胞周期蛋白C高度保守,与人细胞周期蛋白C有88％的蛋白序列同源;斑马鱼细胞周期蛋白C在母型期开始表达,其表达伴随中囊胚转换时期的合子型转录激活以及整个胚胎发育过程.     

斑马鱼母源凝集素基因zfol的克隆和表达分析

为验证凝集素Zfol是否为母源蛋白及其具体表达模式,揭示凝集素这类来源于母体的免疫物质在鱼类胚胎发育早期的免疫保护作用并提供理论依据,克隆Zfol的基因全长进行了生物信息学分析.利用RT-PCR和Western blot分析了zfol mRNA和Zfol蛋白的时空表达.结果表明:zfol mRNA及Zfol蛋白在斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中的表达均呈动态变化.zfol mRNA在成鱼的卵巢、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脑中表达,在精巢中未检测到表达.Zfol蛋白在精巢、心脏、脑、肝脏等组织中检测不到表达,而在肾脏中有低含量表达,在卵巢中有高含量表达.     

基于多视图双聚类方法分析不同哺乳动物早期胚胎发育基因激活差异

大量分子生物学研究证实,哺乳动物早期胚胎发育具有严格的分子调控机制.但是,不同种类之间早期胚胎发育可能存在的调节差异和分子机理并不清楚.利用比较转录组学方法识别不同物种之间的保守共表达基因簇,对于深入揭示胚胎发育和器官分化十分关键.多视图双聚类方法(Multi-view bi-clustering,MVBC)可以解决胚胎样本中的基因表达信号弱和噪声数据较多的问题,较传统两步法可以更好地找到保守的共表达基因簇.我们使用多视图双聚类这一新方法,在人、鼠和牛胚胎中共鉴定出114个共表达基因模块,并对其中包含数目较多、可信度高的29个基因簇进行了KEGG通路富集分析.结果表明,这些基因簇在三个物种早期胚胎发育中共享的通路大多是核小体与RNA转运等起着基础作用的通路,表明在三个物种间合子特异性转录和翻译机制的建立都相对保守.另外,还发现了在物种内具有相似表达模式的8组基因簇、同一功能通路可在多个基因簇富集,以及信号通路在整个胚胎早期发育过程中呈时序性表达的特点.本研究揭示了三个物种间早期胚胎基因表达模式与通路功能的关系,丰富了物种间早期胚胎发育过程的差异化知识,对进一步研究哺乳动物早期胚胎发育机制有一定帮助.     

汞和铅的单一和复合作用对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性效应研究

基于斑马鱼胚胎技术,研究了汞(Hg~(2+))和铅(Pb~(2+))对斑马鱼胚胎发育的单一及联合毒性,主要观察和比较了96 h斑马鱼胚胎的死亡率、孵化率和畸形率,并采用相加指数法分析比较了Hg~(2+)和Pb~(2+)在96 h对斑马鱼胚胎发育的效应类型.结果表明,斑马鱼胚胎对Hg~(2+)和Pb~(2+)均表现出显著的浓度依赖性,造成胚胎孵化率下降,发育畸形甚至死亡;Hg~(2+)的毒性作用高于Pb~(2+),Hg~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的96 h-LC50分别为0. 081 mg/L和113. 978 mg/L; Hg~(2+)和Pb~(2+)组合在96 h表现为拮抗作用.     

斑马鱼Ngly1的生物学特性及克隆表达研究

为研究斑马鱼ngly1基因的功能,我们利用序列比对、同源建模和系统发育分析,发现斑马鱼Ngly1蛋白与其哺乳动物同源物在进化上高度保守,并且其三级结构与小鼠Ngly1十分相似。通过基因克隆获得了斑马鱼ngly1基因的全长cDNA,转染HEK293T细胞后观察到分子量约98kD的GFP-Ngly1融合蛋白。通过荧光定量PCR技术对斑马鱼胚胎发育和不同组织中ngly1的表达量进行分析,结果显示斑马鱼ngly1 mRNA在胚胎发育的全过程中都可以检测到,包括二细胞期,24 h,48 h和72 h,并且在胚胎发育第5天时达到高峰。在成鱼中,相比于其他组织,ngly1在卵巢和睾丸中高表达,在肝脏中低表达。     

斑马鱼SAA基因克隆及表达分析

利用巢式PCR(nest PCR)的方法克隆斑马鱼血清淀粉样蛋白A基因,并进行生物信息学分析.实时荧光定量PCR结果显示:SAA在斑马鱼胚胎发育时期的表达量呈现明显的“增长—稳定—增长”趋势.成鱼组织分布中,SAA在11个斑马鱼组织中均能检测到,在心脏和肝脏中相对高表达.     

斑马鱼（Danio rerio）早期胚胎发育分子调节机制研究进展

斑马鱼是发育生物学研究中的经典材料,其形态发生过程及分子调控机制是发育生物学中的研究热点.本文就胚胎发育过程中的重要时期对斑马鱼早期胚胎发育的分子机制研究作以系统的概述.     

人、动物与自然的和谐发展——永恒的主题 中国科学院动物研究所所长孟安明院士访谈

孟安明院士是我国发育生物学家,近年业主要利用斑马鱼为脊椎动物模式系统,研究脊椎动物胚胎发育的分子机理。孟安明院士带领的科研团队鉴定了许多在胚胎发育中组织特异性表达的基因,发现了多个基因在中胚层诱导、背腹分化等发育     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to