Assembly of CdS Nanowires from Solution Using Oriented Nanofibers

This paper presents an universal assembly approach,based on the oriented nanofibers,for the formation of large-scale ordered nanowire arrays.First,CdS NWs solution is dripped onto the substrate surface.Second,before the CdS NWs solution evaporates,the oriented nanofibers slides along the substrate surface to assemble the CdS nanowires.The mechanism involving ordered alignment of nanowires on the substrate surface was investigated based on our experimental results.The resulting nanowires arrays can be further used for the creation of massive nanoelectronic-device arrays.     

基于铝片生长的金颗粒膜的表面增强拉曼光谱活性研究

文章探讨了一种新的利用表面增强拉曼光谱活性衬底制备金颗粒膜的方法．用AuCl3水溶液在金属铝表面浸镀金镀层,制得金衬底,然后将金镀层放置在AuCl3和盐酸羟氨水溶液中使之还原生长,获得一定尺寸的金颗粒膜．通过紫外可见光谱研究该基底纳米粒子薄膜的光学特性,发现该金颗粒膜的吸收峰发生红移现象,并通过对结晶紫的表面增强拉曼光谱的峰位置和峰强度进行比较和分析,发现采用这种方法制备的金颗粒层具有显著的增强效应．     

碳钢表面激光熔覆镍基合金涂层及其高温磨损行为

应用激光熔覆法,采用镍基NiCrSiB合金粉末,在20#碳钢表面制备了熔覆涂层.利用X射线衍射仪分析熔覆层的相组成;利用摩擦磨损实验机对熔覆层的高温耐磨性能进行了研究;利用扫描电镜观察熔覆层形貌.结果表明:所制得熔覆层组织均一、致密,与基体形成了良好的冶金结合.镍基合金激光熔覆层硬度提高到基体的4倍;高温磨损率约为基体的1/3.熔覆层耐磨能力增强的主要原因在于熔覆层与基体良好的冶金结合,固溶强化和硼化物、硼碳化物等析出相的强化作用.     

电化学沉积Rh制备紫外拉曼活性基底

Rh在紫外激发区间有着较强的表面增加拉曼散射(SERS).用循环伏安法研究了RhCl3溶液中Rh3 在Au电极上的电化学还原行为,用恒电位阶跃法在Au基底上制备了Rh沉积层,并用场发射扫描电子显微镜、能谱及电化学方法对得到的沉积层进行了表征.结果表明,在所选择的电位下用电沉积方法能够在金表面得到均匀的Rh沉积层,该沉积层保持了金属Rh原有的电化学特性.采用电化学方法通过先粗糙Au电极再沉积Rh的策略,可以制备粗糙的Rh表面作为紫外SERS基底.拉曼光谱实验表明,以吡啶为探针分子,该基底具有很好紫外SERS活性.     

胶原蛋白在LB膜上的吸附行为研究

基底的性质和制备方法对吸附胶原层的超分子自组装过程有很大的影响,将一种Gemini表面活性剂C18H37(CH3)2N+-(CH2)12-N+(CH3)2C18H37·2Br-(简写为18-12-18)利用LB技术在零压下转移到云母片上制成基底,浸入到pH值为3.0的胶原溶液中37℃恒温吸附不同的时间,样品用原子力显微镜(AFM)进行表征。结果表明:在恒温过程中,LB膜上的表面活性剂分子会发生移动和翻转,胶原分子优先吸附在LB膜上形成单层网状结构,随吸附时间的延长,胶原分子也会在云母上发生吸附,最后两者会交织成无序的胶原纤维。     

ZrO2 and ZrO2-Y2O3 coatings deposited by double pulsed plasma arc

A novel surface technique has been developed to produce ZrO2 and ZrO2-Y2O3 coatings on the surface of alloys by using double pulsed plasma arc to react with a solution film containing nano-oxide particles. These coatings exhibit smooth surface and excellent adhesion with substrate. The morphologies of the ceramic coatings and phases were analyzed. It was shown that the oxidation resistance of l8-8 stainless steel was markedly improved by applying ZrO2 and ZrO2-Y2O3 coatings.     

LiNbO3基片溶液成分测试声传感器

利用准纵波模式在 Ｌｉ Ｎｂ Ｏ３ 基片上制作了能有效地检测溶液成分的实验性声传感器．准纵波模式的优点是声波速度快,波长长,声波能量能透入基片深处,因此可以从基片背面检测液体,简化了通常 Ｓ Ａ Ｗ 传感器复杂的封装结构,有利于实用化．     

均匀表面增强活性基底上孔雀石绿的SERS

利用自组装技术将50nm的纳米金吸附到修饰了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）的玻片上,制备得到牢固的SERS活性基底．扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对其表面粒子形貌表征表明：形成了有序的单层吸附的纳米金粒子膜,无明显团聚现象．结合Ramanmapping技术,以孔雀石绿这一禁用兽药为探针分子,观察了基底表面的SERS信号分布,计算得到各点信号的相对标准偏差低于10％．基底在水溶液中浸泡48h后,仍能保持较好的稳定性和高的SERS活性．结果表明：该基底制备简单,均匀性和重现性好,在水溶液中稳定性高,对孔雀石绿的检测限可达5×10^-9mol·L^-1.     

原子级平整硅基底的制备

采用RCA方法与Piranha溶液处理相结合，对单晶硅表面超声腐蚀处理，接触角、原了力显微镜（AFM）表征结果显示获得了平整高羟基密度的氧化物表面，采用水相烷化，将3－氨基丙基－三甲氧基硅烷（APS）组 装在湿化学法处理的单晶硅表面上，AFM和X－射线光电子能谱（XPS）研究表明得到了平整均匀的氨基自组装膜。     

V型沟槽Si衬底上SrTiO_3薄膜制备

在单晶Si(100)衬底以及经过改型处理的侧壁为Si(110)"V"型沟槽衬底上,分别采用液相沉积(LPD)和射频磁控溅射法(RF magnetron sputtering)制备了SrTiO3(STO)薄膜.通过对沉积溶液的温度、衬底的表面处理方法、衬底的放置方式以及热处理工艺的优化,研究了利用LPD法制备具有较为致密均匀的STO薄膜的条件;通过对溅射功率、溅射气压、衬底温度以及退火温度等具体参数的优化,研究了利用射频磁控溅射法在较低的衬底温度下制备具有一定取向的STO薄膜的条件.结果表明,射频磁控溅射法制备的STO薄膜在结晶状态、择优取向和表面形貌优于液相沉积.     

锌基底上含金属锡的超疏水表面的制备

针对超疏水金属表面广阔的应用前景,采用氯化亚锡的丙酮溶液,十八硫醇的丙酮溶液为疏水剂在锌基底上构建了超疏水表面,通过X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)进行了结构表征和疏水性能测试.结果表明,超疏水表面具有微纳米阶层结构,静态接触角为158°,滚动角小于5°.     

不同pH值环境中镍铝青铜冷喷涂涂层腐蚀磨损性能

镍铝青铜合金是铸造大型舰艇螺旋桨的主要材料,海洋污损生物在合金表面附着引起的pH值变化会加速镍铝青铜合金的腐蚀磨损,威胁到舰艇安全航行.采用冷喷涂技术制备了较为致密的镍铝青铜涂层,厚度约300μm,利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜观察了涂层的微观形貌,重点研究了涂层在pH值分别为3、7和11,质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀性能和腐蚀磨损行为.实验结果表明:pH值为3的环境中,镍铝青铜基体发生了选相腐蚀,表面疲劳裂纹主要分布在富Cu的α相上,涂层上的犁削沟槽加深发生了磨粒磨损,涂层耐腐蚀性能优于基体;pH值为7的环境中,基体发生了黏着磨损,表面有片层状金属剥落,涂层中的孔隙收容了大量磨屑避免了剧烈的三体摩擦,表面犁削沟槽较浅,涂层致钝电位高于基体,耐腐蚀性能变差.pH值为11的环境中,基体发生了表面疲劳磨损,涂层磨痕上有较深的犁削沟槽,沟槽内有微裂纹,涂层耐腐蚀性能优于基体.总体来说,在不同pH值环境中,涂层由于在冷喷涂过程中发生了冷加工硬化并且涂层上的孔隙收容了磨屑,导致涂层的耐腐蚀磨损性能增强.     

单晶硅表面有机硅烷/稀土复合自组装膜的摩擦磨损性能

利用分子自组装技术,在单晶硅表面制备了MPTS MPTES /稀土复合自组装膜.利用接触角测定仪、原子力显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪分析表征了薄膜的组成和结构;采用DF-PM型静-动摩擦系数精密测定仪评价了薄膜的摩擦磨损性能.研究结果表明：稀土元素可以组装到氧化后的硅烷化表面而形成MPTS-MPTES /稀土自组装复合薄膜.在较低载荷下,薄膜不但摩擦系数较低,同时也表现出良好的耐磨性和摩擦稳定性,显示了其在微型机械表面改性的潜在应用前景.     

Effect of the microstructure of Al 7050-T7451 on anodic oxide formation in sulfuric acid

The effect of the microstructure of an Al 7050-T7451 substrate on the anodic oxide formation in sulfuric acid was studied in this article. The microstructure of the substrate was assessed by optical microscope (OM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The surface and cross-section morphologies of the oxide films were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of intermetallic particles in the alloys and films was investigated using energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS). The roles of intermetallic phases and grain or subgrain boundaries on the oxide film formation were researched using the potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization technique in sulfuric acid solution. The results show that the transition of coarse intermetallic particles or grain (subgrain) boundaries at the surface of Al alloys can be characterized by potentiodynamic polarization curves. The surface and cross-section micrographs of the anodic layer seem to preserve the microstructure of the substrate. Large cavities in the anodic films are caused by the preferential dissolution of coarse AItCuMg particles and the entrance of Cu-rich remnants into the electrolyte during anodizing. The Al₇Cu₂Fe particles tend to be occluded in the oxide layer or lose from the oxide surface because of peripheral trenching. Small pores in the films are induced by the dissolution of precipitates in grain or subgrain boundaries. The film surface of recrystallized grain bodies is smooth and homogeneous.     

B10白铜表面超疏水膜的制备及其耐腐蚀性能研究

以B10白铜为基底,采用刻蚀、煅烧和表面改性的方法制备了超疏水膜,采用K100-MK2型张力仪测量超疏水膜的接触角,采用扫描电子显微镜观察超疏水膜的表面形貌,采用电化学工作站测试超疏水膜在3.5% NaCl（%表示质量分数）水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,刻蚀、煅烧后的B10白铜样品分别在溶液A中改性5 min、在溶液B中改性12 h后,得到的两种超疏水膜的接触角可分别达到153.2°和151.5°。将两种超疏水膜分别在3.5% NaCl水溶液中腐蚀10 d后,与裸B10白铜相比,仍表现出较好的耐腐蚀持久性。该方法为制备具有抗腐蚀和自清洁性能的超疏水表面提供了一条有效途径,可用于金属材料的表面改性。     

纳米ZnO复合涂层的制备及其对铝合金的防腐性能研究

为了改善铝合金材料的耐腐蚀性能,研究了用纳米氧化锌掺杂于聚氨酯涂料中制备纳米氧化锌复合涂层.通过电化学测试表明,在质量分数为3.5％的NaCl溶液中,涂有纳米氧化锌复合涂层的铝合金其腐蚀电流密度约为5.965×10-9 A/cm2,这一数值相对于文献中给出的铝合金基体的腐蚀电流密度降低了4个数量级,说明涂层使铝合金基体...     

Preparing Ca-P coating on biodegradable magnesium alloy by hydrothermal method: In vitro degradation behavior

Magnesium alloys are potentially attractive biodegradable materials.However,their rapid corrosion rate limits their biomedical application.To slow down the rate of biodegradation,a protective calcium-phosphate coating was formed on a magnesium alloy substrate by a hydrothermal method.Scanning electron microscope results showed that the coating consisted of two layers with different crystalline characteristics.The loose outer layer showed a prism-like crystal structure,while the compact inner layer is a dense ultra-fine regular di-pyramid-like structure with an average grain dimension of ～200 nm.The compositions of the inner layer and outer layer were calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (Ca-def HA) and dicalcium phosphate (DCPa),respectively.The coating adhered well to the substrate with a thickness of about 15 m.Immersion in Hank’s solution indicated that the coating could significantly improve the degradation properties of magnesium alloy.The pH of the solution containing the coated samples increased much more slowly than the untreated control.After 8 d immersion,the uncoated sample had corroded seriously while the coated sample was much less corroded.The Ca/P atom ratio in both the layers of the coating increased and the coating was still protecting the substrate.The two layers of the coating corroded differently because of differences in solubility.The outer layer was more severely attacked and many holes were formed on the surface,the inner layer suffered less attack.In addition,a growth of precipitate on the inner layer was observed,indicating that surface bioactivity was improved by the coating.Thus,magnesium alloys coated with a Ca-P coating prepared by a hydrothermal method are promising candidate biodegradable biomaterials,and further investigation of in vivo degradation behavior is suggested.     

电化学辅助制备锌基超疏水表面

采用电解浸泡的方法以锌为基底制备超疏水表面,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、接触角测试仪对其进行形貌和疏水性的表征分析,并对制备过程中电解时间,电解液(豆蔻酸的乙醇溶液)浓度等条件的最优情况及材料的抗酸碱性进行研究.结果表明:电解液浓度为0.01mol/L,电解时间为60min条件下制备出接触角良好的锌基超疏水表面样品,且样品具有良好的抗酸碱性.     

混合自组装层纳米金修饰电极制备及电化学行为

利用自组装方法,将两种不同巯基化合物(一种为双巯基化合物)修饰至金电极表面,在双巯基的另一个-SH基团上,吸附纳米金颗粒制备纳米金修饰电极.结果表明该方法可制备纳米金密度可控的修饰电极,该电极具备纳米阵列电极特性.运用电化学方法和扫描电镜,对纳米修饰阵列电极进行研究和表征.改变纳米金周围微环境,可控制修饰电极上电子传递的速度.     

纳米SnO/Ti电极电催化还原KBO2制备KBH4

先在乙二醇中电解锡片, 制备得到锡醇盐配合物, 再将电解液水解后凝胶, 在钛丝表面通过提拉法涂抹、 300 ℃煅烧2 h制备得到纳米SnO/Ti电极.
在0.3～1.2 mol/L KOH+02～0.8 mol/L KBO₂的溶液中测试SnO/Ti电极的催化还原性能,  研究影响电解还原KBO₂的主要因素, 并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征SnO/Ti电极和KBH4的结构. 结果表明, 纳米SnO/Ti电极表面颗粒分散均匀, 修饰电极催化性能较好, 放电电流增大, 产率和电流效率分别为16.9%和29.2%.