应用Mg离子注入获得高表面空穴载流子浓度P-型GaN

应用Mg离子注入MOCVD法生长掺杂Mg的GaN中,在经过800℃, 1h的退火后,获得高空穴载流子浓度(8.28×10¹⁷cm^-3)的P-型GaN。首次报道了实验上通过Mg离子注入到Mg生长掺杂的GaN中并获得高的表面空穴载流子浓度。     

氮化衬底对MOCVD生长GaN的影响

采用MOCVD生长技术以Al2O3为衬底对GaN生长进行了研究．用霍尔测量技术、光致发光技术以及光学显微镜测量了GaN的电学性能、光学性能以及表面形貌．研究表明，GaN低温缓冲层生长之前的氮化衬底工艺对GaN外延层表面形貌、发光性能、电学性能有显著影响．合适的氮化衬底条件可得到表面形貌、发光性能和电学性能均较好的GaN外延膜．研究表明长时间氮化衬底使GaN外延膜表面粗糙的原因可能是由于氮化衬底影响了后续高温GaN的生长模式，促使GaN三维生长所导致的．     

C面SiC衬底上N面GaN的MOCVD制备及特性研究（英文）

Ga面GaN基器件结构中存在巨大的极化场,引起载流子溢流等问题,严重的损害了器件的性能。而N面GaN则可以使极化场反转,从而解决这些问题。详细研究了在C面SiC衬底上N面GaN的MOCVD外延生长和性质。N面GaN表面非常粗糙,薄膜中刃位错和混合位错的含量较高。在Si掺杂的N面GaN的室温PL谱中没有观测到黄带的产生。利用热磷酸溶液对N面GaN腐蚀,在外延膜的表面产生了大量的Ga空位,对应的PL谱出现了黄带,确定黄带来源于Ga空位。经过腐蚀后的GaN呈12面锥体形貌,锥体的形成可以弛豫薄膜中的张应力,此外,随着腐蚀的进行,低温PL谱的半峰宽变窄。     

MOCVD生长非故意掺杂GaN/Si薄膜的电阻率控制研究

本文采用金属有机物化学气相沉积(MOCVD)在Si(111)衬底上生长了非故意掺杂GaN薄膜。高分辨率X射线衍射(HRXRD)和Lehighton非接触面电阻测量系统用来表征GaN外延层的质量和面电阻(Rs)。通过计算HRXRD测量得到的GaN(0002)和(10-12)半高宽(FWHM),估算了GaN外延层中的线性位错密度(TDD)。GaN外延层的Rs和TDD之间的关系被研究。下面GaN初始层生长条件,包括载气种类(H2或N2)、生长温度和生长压力,对上面GaN外延层的影响被讨论和分析。我们认为H2作为载气能提高GaN质量,减少GaN外延层中的TDD,并由于其活泼的化学特性,能通过还原反应去除GaN外延层中的O和C等杂质。另外,下面GaN初始层在低温和高压下生长,更有助于提高GaN质量和减少TDD。下面GaN初始层通过在H2载气、低生长温度(1050℃)和高生长压力(400mba)下外延生长,上GaN外延层的电阻率得到了提高。     

n型GaN薄膜输运性质与发光研究

系统研究了掺Si的n型GaN的表面形貌、电学性质和光学性质。GaN薄膜采用金属有机化学气相沉积系统（MOCVD）制备,通过选择不同掺杂流量的siH4,使n型载流子浓度变化范围为3×10^16-5．4×10^18cm^-3。原子力显微镜研究发现随掺杂浓度的增加样品表面形貌变粗糙,表面位错坑密度增加,表明了晶体质量下降。变温霍尔效应获得载流子浓度随温度的变化曲线（n-1/T）,拟合得到不同Si掺杂量下,Si杂质在GaN中的电离激活能在12～22meV之间变化,它是施主波函数的相互作用增强所造成。通过研究迁移率随温度（μ-T）的关系曲线,认为载流子输运过程受不同温度下的散射机制影响。光致发光谱研究了室温下GaN薄膜带边发光和黄带,发现带边发光峰的移动是伯斯坦-莫斯效应和能带重整化效应共同作用的结果,并拟合得到了能带收缩效应系数-1．07×10^-8eV／cm,指出黄带的产生和变化与不同Si掺杂浓度下Ga空位的浓度相关。     

圆锥形图形化蓝宝石衬底对MOCVD生长GaN外延膜的位错密度和应力应变影响

通过金属氧化物化学气相沉积（MOCVD）方法在2．5μm×1．6μm×0．5μm圆锥形图形化蓝宝石衬底（CPSS）和没有图形化平面蓝宝石衬底（uss）上生长GaN外延膜．高分辨率X射线衍射仪（HRXRD）测试结果表明,生长在CPSS上GaN的刃位错的密度比生长在USS上GaN的刃位错密度低得多;从透射电子显微镜（TEM）观察,CPSS可有效地减小GaN外延膜中的线位错密度;拉曼散射谱显示通过CPSS可有效地减小GaN外延膜中的残余应力;比较两种外延膜中的光致发光谱（PL）,能从生长在CPSS上GaN外延膜中观察到强而尖的带边发射．以上结果表明：生长在CPSS上GaN外延膜的质量高于生长在USS上GaN外延膜的质量．     

非极性SiC/GaN界面结构特性

GaN是一种具有广泛应用前景的光电子材料,但是,用于制造器件的GaN都是在不同衬底上外延生长得到的,在常用的Al2O3和SiC衬底上沿[0001]方向直接生长的GaN外延膜存在有较高的缺陷密度(10^10cm^-2),研究发现在SiC衬底上侧向外延(ELO)生长的GaN线缺陷密度可低达10^5cm^-2,目前对     

氮气载气MOCVD外延生长GaN成核层研究

在GaN薄膜外延生长过程中,成核层的质量对外延薄膜的质量有着重要的影响。因此,虽然氮气气氛下生长高质量成核层是一个难点,但从安全和成本角度来考虑,值得去攻克这个难点。文章在氮气气氛下使用Thomas Swan 2英寸19片MOCVD(metal-organic chemical vapor deposition)工业级生长设备在蓝宝石衬底上生长GaN成核层并利用原子力显微镜(Atomic force microscope,AFM)对样品表面进行表征。进一步研究了生长温度、生长时间、Ga源流量对GaN成核层的影响。结果表明GaN成核层的生长时间在2 min内呈均匀单层生长,生长温度在750℃以下成核岛分布均匀,Ga源流量与GaN生长速率呈线性关系,可简单的通过控制Ga源流量控制GaN成核层生长速率。     

6H-SiC(0001)衬底结构对GaN膜结构的影响第一原理研究

用从头计算方法总能理论研究了6H-SiC(0001)(3×3)R30°衬底上生长的GaN薄膜的界面结构特性.计算结果表明:GaN膜为Ga极性的纤锌矿结构;6H-SiC(0001)衬底表面台阶引起的GaN岛合并在薄膜中产生边界堆垛失配(SMBs),而这种SMBs缺陷随着薄膜生长厚度的增加可以消除.     

缺陷表面氮化镓二次外延的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法研究含有表面缺陷的氮化镓材料的二次外延生长过程,探讨生长温度,表面缺陷数量和缺陷结构等对二次生长材料质量的影响.发现当在生长表面随机引入3.125%占比的空位缺陷且生长温度在1 373 K以上时,对材料质量的影响不明显;当随机引入12.5%占比的空位缺陷时,可以改善二次生长材料的质量;当在生长表面上引入12.5%占比的2个六边形结构空位缺陷时,缺陷区域出现大量原子的岛状生长,同时原子排列变得无序,二次生长的材料生长质量明显劣化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.