β-甲基萘与长链烯烃烷基化研究

详细考察了三氯化铝催化剂用量、反应温度、芳烯物质的量比、反应时间及溶剂用量对β-甲基萘与长链烯烃烷基化的影响．采用气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱联用技术表征了烷基化产物,并对结果进行了分析和讨论．找到了甲基萘与长链烯烃较佳的烷基化条件．副反应得到了有效的抑制,目标产物AMN的选择性可达100％．     

富马酸海藻糖甲酯的合成及抑菌活性研究

富马酸海藻糖甲酯的合成分3步完成：第一步,以摩尔比为1：1的甲醇和马来酸酐为原料,以3％的无水AlCl3和3％的硫酸氢钠为异构化催化剂,在60℃下酯化反应0．5h,再升温至80℃异构化反应2h,得到富马酸单甲酯（MMF）;第二步,以摩尔比为1：2．5的MMF和亚硫酰氯为原料,在90℃下反应1h,得到富马酸单甲酯单酰氯（MMFC）;第三步,将MMFC和海藻糖按摩尔比4：1混合,以二氯甲烷为分散剂,在10％无水K2CO3和10％TBAB（w％MMFC）相转移催化下,40℃水浴反应3h,得到富马酸海藻糖甲酯（TMF）,收率69．24％．抑菌活性试验结果表明：TMF对混合菌群的生长具有良好的抑制作用,其抑菌能力优于MMF,与苯甲酸相当．     

无毒增塑剂柠檬酸三正丁酯的催化合成研究

研究了柠檬酸与正丁醇在盐类－水合硫酸氢钠,十二水合硫酸铁铵催化作用下直接酯化合成柠檬酸三正丁酯的最佳条件,结果表明：酸醇摩尔比为1：6．0－7．0催化剂用量为酸、催化剂的摩尔比为1：0．1,反应温度在110℃-135℃反应时间为1．5h,转化率达到95％以上,产品纯度达99％。     

固载杂多酸催化反应精馏合成富马酸二甲酯

研究了以富马酸和甲醇为原料,自制固载杂多酸为催化剂,采用催化剂精馏技术合成富马酸二甲酯的新工艺,确定了较佳的工艺操作条件：醇酸摩尔比为7：1,酯化反应温度为：67℃－78℃,反应时间≤6h,产品收率大于92％。     

H_4PMo_(11)VO_(40)催化氧化2-甲基萘制备甲萘醌

以磷钼钒杂多酸H4PMo11V1O40为催化剂、乙酸为溶剂,用双氧水氧化2-甲基萘制备2-甲基萘醌.实验表明:H4PMo11V1O40具有一定的催化活性.通过正交试验和单因素试验考察了催化剂用量、乙酸用量、双氧水用量、反应时间、反应温度等对收率的影响,获得较佳的合成条件:杂多酸∶2-MN(质量比)=7%,乙酸∶2-MN(质量比)=10.5∶1,双氧水∶2-甲基萘(摩尔比)=4.2∶1,较适宜的温度为40~50℃,反应时间为30 min.     

甲基丙烯酸十六酯的合成及结构表征

研究了以α-甲基丙烯酸和十六醇为原料采用直接酯化法合成α-甲基丙烯酸十六酯的工艺条件,主要探讨了α-甲基丙烯酸与十六醇摩尔比、催化剂和阻聚剂的用量以及反应时间对酯化反应的影响，得出了合成的最佳条件：α-甲基丙烯酸与十六醇的摩尔比为1．2：1，对甲苯磺酸的质量分数为1．4％，对苯二酚的质量分数为0．4％，反应温度为110～120℃，反应时间为5h，酯化产率可达到95％以上．酯化产物经薄层色谱分析及红外光谱、核磁共振谱测定，证明所得产物为α-甲基丙烯酸十六酯．     

1，4-丁二醇双琥珀酸八氟戊醇双酯磺酸钠的合成工艺研究

采用八氟戊醇、马来酸酐、1,4-丁二醇为原料,合成了一种新型的双子表面活性剂—1,4-丁二醇双琥珀酸八氟戊醇双酯磺酸钠。通过实验得到各步反应的最优工艺条件,单酯化反应：马来酸酐与八氟戊醇摩尔比为1.2：1.0,加入占马来酸酐质量1％的无水乙酸钠,反应时间为4h,反应温度为90℃;双酯化反应：八氟戊醇马来酸单酯与1,4-丁二醇的摩尔比为2.1：1.0,占八氟戊醇马来酸单酯质量1.5％的对甲苯磺酸催化剂,反应温度为160℃,反应时间为7h;磺化反应：NaHSO3与1,4-丁二醇双马来酸八氟戊醇双酯摩尔比为1.0：2.2,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为6h。对终产物的性能进行测定,表面张力为：29.6 mN·m-1,CMC为0.005 g／L。     

稀土掺杂纳米固体超强酸SO42-/SnO2-Eu2O3催化合成十六烷酸乙酯的研究

目的 研究稀土掺杂纳米固体超强酸SO42-/SnO2-Eu2 O3催化剂对合成十六烷酸乙酯的影响,确定最佳反应条件.方法 利用溶胶-凝胶法及改性技术制备稀土掺杂纳米固体超强酸SO42-/SnO2-Eu2O3催化剂,并用单因素法研究催化剂的最适宜制备条件;采用正交试验来确定十六烷酸乙酯催化合成的最佳条件.同时利用熔点、红外光谱等手段对产品进行物性和结构表征.结果 Eu2O3的添加量为1.5％（指Eu2O3占SO42--/SnO2的摩尔分数）,硫酸浸渍液的浓度为2.0 mol/L,焙烧温度为500℃,焙烧时间为2.5h条件下,制备出的SO42--/SnO2-Eu2O3催化剂具有最好的催化活性.通过正交实验确定的酯化反应优化条件是：在80～85℃的回流反应温度下,醇酸摩尔比为5.0：1.0,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的5.0％,反应时间4.0h,十六烷酸乙酯的酯化率可达97.0％以上.各种分析结果一致表明,催化合成所得之物与十六烷酸乙酯标准相符合.结论 该催化刑具有良好的催化活性和重复使用性,反应条件温和,方法简便,酯化率高,具有很好的工业化应用价值.     

β-甲基萘的精制

β-甲基萘是一种重要的有机化工原料．本方法是在常减压条件下将煤焦油洗油精馏后获得甲基萘馏分；然后在甲基萘馏分中加入10％～20％的硫酸，除去喹啉；再向甲基萘组分中加入一定比例的庚烷和乙醇胺，除去吲哚；蒸馏除去烷烃后，加入共沸剂乙二醇，在减压条件下进行精馏，压力为0．05MPa，回流比为10～15：1，切取200～210℃馏分，收集到的甲基萘馏分再进行精馏就得到99％的β-甲基萘纯品，收率可达55％，本方法比目前国内的冷冻结晶法得到的β-甲基萘纯度高、收率高，大大提高了β-甲基萘在化工业和制药业中的应用，具有较高的实用价值和较好的经济效益。     

月桂醇马来酸单酯磺酸钠的合成

以月桂醇、马来酸酐和亚硫酸钠为原料,合成了月桂醇马来酸单酯磺酸钠．结果表明：酯化反应最佳工艺系件为n[月桂醇]：n[马来酸酐]=1．00：1．05,催化剂烷基磺酸的用量为物料总量的1％（质量分数）,于80℃下单酯化反应3h,得产率大于98％的单酯化产物．磺化反应条件以加浓度为30％的NaHSO3溶液,其加入量为马来酸酐物质的量的1．10倍,加热温度90℃下磺化反应4h最佳．产物以IR进行表证,结果表明为预期产物．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.