机器人足球策略的研究

RoboCup是研究动态不可预测环境中的多智能体系统的典型平台．在RoboCup仿真比赛中,机器人整体团队协作和局部对抗规划都是比赛成功的关键．对于团队协作,应用面向对象的方法分析了机器人足球队员的角色特点,部署了不同队员的踢球策略．在射门对抗规划中,分析了球员射门时几个关键性的影响因素,并参考这些因素设计和应用一个关键性的射门函数．实践证明了在实时比赛环境中,整体结构和局部策略的有效性．     

多智能体的竞争合作策略

以RoboCup(机器人世界杯足球锦标赛)中的仿真组作为平台,研究复杂环境中的多智能体的竞争和合作问题。首先通过对手建模的方法,分析对手的弱点或漏洞,并采取相应的策略,可以使智能体团队更加有效地自主决策,使其行动具有高度的针对性和目的性;接着分析多智能体之间的信息共享,通过压缩编码和选择性信息共享提高智能体之间的合作;最后对基于战术的局部合作策略进行分析,通过对战术的设计来实现智能体之间的局部配合,并根据场上局势的变化做出相应的调整。将该方法应用到2004年中国机器人大赛中,取得了冠军的好成绩,证明该方法确实有效。     

基于MATLAB Robotics工具箱的SCARA机器人轨迹规划与仿真

为研究SCARA机器人的轨迹规划,在MATLAB环境下,对该机器人运动学参数进行了设计,利用Robotics toolbox工具箱编制了简单的程序语句,建立该机器人运动学模型,讨论了标准D-H参数和改进D-H参数建模方法的区别,并对机器人的轨迹规划进行了仿真.通过仿真,直观地显示了机器人关节的运动,得到了连续平滑的机器人关节角度轨迹曲线.仿真实验表明,所设计的运动学参数是正确的,从而达到了预定的目标.该工具箱可以对机器人进行图形仿真,分析真实机器人控制时的数据结果,对机器人的研究开发具有较高的经济实用价值.     

基于注意机制的改进人工势场的机器人路径规划

人工势场法是机器人路径规划中应用较多的一种方法,但方法在障碍物较多时由于势场合力不容易控制而常常出现机器人陷入势场陷阱中。足球机器人比赛系统场上敌我状态复杂,加上动态变化的场上环境,对实时性要求很高。本文对注意机制在机器人足球比赛中的应用进行研究,根据比赛平台模型的特点并从能量角度将场上的引力和斥力转化成特定的关于能量的数学表达式,将其和注意机制相结合,提出新的改进人工市场的方法。基于注意机制的改进人工势场算法,将原有的合力势场变成重力势场,使机器人自主规划前进路线。最后本文使用仿真方法证明该方法的可行性。     

基于SCS的四足仿生机器人运动仿真平台

SCS(Simulation Construction Set)是Yobotics公司开发的对机械设备、仿生机械系统等复杂的多刚体系统进行运动仿真的软件包.基于SCS开发出一套面向四足仿生机器人的专用运动仿真平台,包括四足仿生机器人机构建模、基于VMC(Virtual Model Control)的动力学建模、地面接触模型及环境建模和数据处理模块设计.利用该仿真平台对一款16自由度四足仿生机器人的动态行走进行了仿真.结果表明:仿真过程流畅、快速、机器人行走平稳,验证了该仿真平台的实用性和可靠性.     

智能体机器人足球比赛模拟系统

【目的】实体机器人足球比赛系统成本高、技术难度大,而智能体(Agent)机器人模拟足球比赛系统可以为实体机器人足球比赛系统的设计提供参考。【方法】根据实体机器人的特点,用智能体模拟实体机器人,将机器人足球比赛的控制算法建立在智能体上,对智能体设置运动速度、射门速度、能量、避碰等能力及意图,再利用网络技术,建立一个多种影响参数的足球机器人比赛模拟系统。【结果】该系统能有效按研究者设定的参数(条件)进行比赛,比赛结果与实际基本相符。【结论】智能体足球机器人比赛模拟系统不仅可以作为实体机器人足球比赛的模拟平台,还可以作为实体机器人足球比赛策略和相关参数的研究平台。     

对抗环境下足球机器人路径规划

在RoboCup中型组足球机器人比赛环境下,实现机器人实时、有效的路径规划是赢得比赛的重要前提.充分考虑到足球机器人比赛中实时性和对抗性的特点,采用具有实时性优势的人工势场法,并综合考虑障碍物、目标点以及机器人之间相对位置和相对速度的关系,提出一种相对威胁系数的概念.该系数能够反映比赛中双方机器人实际对抗的强弱程度.将相对威胁系数应用到传统的人工势场中,形成一种新的改进型人工势场法,较好地解决了对抗环境下机器人路径规划中一些实时性、有效性的问题.仿真实验验证了所提出算法在足球机器人比赛系统中具有可行性.将该算法应用于交龙足球机器人上,在实际比赛中取得了较好的成绩.     

基于有穷自动机的自然语言状态转换

针对Robocup自主机器人比赛中,机器人进攻和防守状态、动作转换延迟问题,采用一种基于有穷自动机模型的自然语言状态转换方法,把机器人、环境等自然语言信息抽象成形式化的符号和状态,并转化为有穷自动机输入符号.通过设定状态转移函数、字母表规则、无差别地完成各种状态转换过程.研究结果表明:该方法能有效地完成自然语言状态下的机器人状态、动作间的转换,具有较好的实时性和可靠性.     

智能灭火机器人的设计与实现方法研究

灭火机器人设计主要目的是在火场危险环境下代替人类寻找火源并进行灭火工作,以降低救火时人员伤亡,并提高灭火效率.基于国际赛制机器人灭火比赛规则,自主设计一款智能灭火机器人,包括硬件、软件设计,并设计了多种关键策略,对软硬件系统进行改进,如PID参数的智能计算等,并且选择多种比赛模式.该机器人能有效避免过冲及沿墙行走出现S轨迹等一系列缺陷,灭火速度快、成功率高.     

仿鼠脑海马的机器人地图构建与路径规划方法

针对移动机器人在非结构化环境下的导航任务,根据哺乳动物海马体空间细胞的认知机理,提出了一种仿鼠脑海马的机器人情景认知地图构建及路径规划方法.在机器人情景记忆建模过程中集成位置细胞与网格细胞神经元活动机制,建立机器人空间环境情景认知地图,采取状态神经元集合序列全局路径规划策略,在记忆空间以自我为参考,通过事件再配置预测并规划最优情景轨迹.实验结果表明:该方法能够生成精确的情景认知地图,并且基于目标导航能够规划一条最佳路径.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.