白背飞虱不同虫态的空间分布型及变动规律

经过对白背飞虱不同虫态在同一生境内空间格局进行连续测定,表明其仅在田间初始低密度情况下呈现随机或均匀分布,一般均为聚集分布．分布参数显示白背飞虱种群为负二项分布,基本成分是个体群;低龄若虫有较高的聚集度;高龄若虫及成虫活动能力强,空间分布图式趋于个体;不同虫态平均密度（Ｘ）与方差（Ｓ２）用负二项分布曲线公式Ｓ２＝Ｘ＋Ｘ２／Ｋｃ配合良好;采用种群聚集均数（λ）测定,平均密度２．５５头／丛是判定聚集原因的临界值．采用Ｉｗａｏ理论抽样模式,得出不同密度下的理论抽样数,并建立序贯抽样模式,可应用于田间抽样．     

青岛沿海岛屿生物多样性研究(Ⅱ)山茶(Camellia japonica)种群分布格局

应用泊松分布、负二项分布和奈曼分布三种理论分布模型，对取自长门岩岛的山茶种群的样方资料进行了分布格局的研究．结果表明，该种群的实际频数符合负二项分布，因此判定种群的分布格局为聚集分布．通过对种群的聚集强度指数的计算，求得各参数分别为二项参数（Ｋ）０．６２９１，扩散系数（Ｃ）１７．７３７２，丛生指标（Ｉ）１６．７３７２，Ｃａｓｉｅ指标（１／Ｋ）１．５８９６，聚块性指标为（ｍ／ｍ）２．５８９６，均表明为强聚集分布．     

一类半线性弱双曲型方程的初值问题

研究如下一类问题｛ｕｔｔ＋Ｘ＾＊１Ｘ１ｕ＋Ｘ＾＊２Ｘ２ｕ＝ｆ（ｕ）｛ｔ＝０：ｕ＝０，ｕｔ＝ｈ（ｘ，ｙ），其中ｆ∈Ｃ＾１（Ｒ＾１），ｆ（０）＝０，ｈ∈Ｈ＾５（Ｒ＾２）并具有紧支集，ｓ＞ｍ／２（ｍ＋１），Ｘ１，Ｘ２是Ｒ＾２上的光滑向量场并满足ｍ阶Ｈｏｒｍａｎｄｅｒ条件，在以上假设下，得到了问题强解的存在性及正则性。     

方差分量模型非负二次同时估计可容许的必要条件

给出了方差分量模型Ｙ＝Ｘβ＋∑＾ｍｉ＝１Ｕｉεｉ，Ｕ１Ｕ１’＝…＝ＵｍＵｍ’〉０中方差分量（ｏ＾２１，…，ｏ＾２ｍ）的非负二次同时估计（Ｙ’Ａ１Ｙ，…，Ｙ’ＡｍＹ）可容许的一个必要条件。     

Gauss—Markoff和方差分量模型中LSE的一种新的相对效率

对Ｇａｕｓｓ－Ｍａｒｋｏｆｆ模型：Ｙ＝Ｘτ＋ｅ，ｅ￣（０，ο＾２Ｖ），Ｖ≥０，τ的ＬＳＥ的一种新的相对效率被提出来并得到了其下界，对方差分量模型：Ｙ＝Ｘτ＋ｅ，ｅ￣（０，ｍΣｉ＝１ο＾ｉＶｉ），Ｖ＝ｍΣｉ＝１Ｖｉ≥０，τ的ＬＳＥ的一种新的相对效率也被提出来并得到了独立于未知参数的下界。     

海南岛无翼坡垒种群调节研究

通过对无翼坡垒种群的两个高度类群的个体群的高度与密度关系，以及种群生物量与种群稀疏规律的研究，基本上掌握了种群的调节规律．该种群３ｍ高以下的个体群高度与密度的关系为Ｄ１＝０．７９１０２６Ｈ１（－１．１８７１６），３ｍ高以上的个体群相应的关系为Ｄ２＝１．８３２５２Ｈ２（－２．２６７８２），种群生物量基本上符合Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ增长，种群稀疏规律Ｂｍｆ＝０．０２４８Ｄ（－１．４２０４）．说明无翼坡垒种群调节的因素是种群密度，稀疏过程主要是自疏过程，他疏程度小，但却是一个必须引起注意的因素．     

部分取代苯定量结构-生物降解相关性(QSBR)研究

采用Ｃｈｅｍｓ３Ｄ中量子化学ＭＯＰＡＣ－ＡＭ１法计算了７种间苯胺类和８地苯酚的分子量高占有轨道能ＥＨＯＭＯ、分子最低空轨道能ＥＬＵＭＯ。用ＱＳＡＲ程序软件包查得分子体积Ｖｍ。结合分子连接性指数（＾３Ｘ,＾３Ｘ＾ｖ）对生物降解二级速率常数对数ｌｇＫｂ进行定量结构－生物降解相关性（ＱＳＢＲ）分析,通过回归分析,得到如下两个回归方程：ｌｇＫｂ＝－０．８３２－０．１１８Ｖｍ＋１．７４８＾３Ｘ＾ｖ,ｎ＝１５,Ｒ＾２＝０．８３２,ＳＥ＝０．５７７,Ｆ＝２９．７,ｐ＝０．０００。（１）ｌｇＫｂ＝０．１２４Ｖｍ＋１．７４９＾３Ｘ＾ｖ,ｎ＝１５,Ｒ＾２＝０．９９８,ＳＥ＝０．５５９１,Ｆ＝４１４８．９９,ｐ＝０．０００．（２）     

星豹蛛对棉花害虫的捕食效应研究

研究了星豹蛛对棉花害虫的捕食效应．观察结果表明：星豹蛛对棉蚜、叶螨、棉铃虫、棉盲蝽的种群数量具有明显的控制作用．田间种群数量消长与棉花害虫密度表现为动态正相关（ｒ＝０．６１２４～０．８９２８）．在试验条件下，其功能反应表现为随猎物密度的增加捕食量增大，随自身密度的增加捕食量减少．用Ｈｏｌｉｎｇ－Ⅱ型反应模型Ｎａ＝ａ′ＴＮｔ／（１＋ａ′ＴｎＮｔ）能较好地拟合．星豹蛛对四种猎物的日最大捕食量依次为７１．４，１５８．７，１７．８，２５．０头．在蚜螨猎物共存时，星豹蛛的选食作用较小，选择系数Ｅ＝０．９８９６     

c''''一m回归模型在确定昆虫种群空间分布型中的应用

根据随机型概率分布（Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ分布）中，方差（ｖ）与均值（ｍ）相等的性质，提出一个新的种群聚集度指标，，＝ｍ／ｎ＋ｍ。指标不仅可用来判断昆虫种群的空间分布型，而且ｃ’与ｍ之间存在着线性关系。据此，提出了“ｃ－ｍ回归模型：ｃ＝ａ＋ｂｍ。当ｃ’与ｍ线性相关显著时，ａ、ｂ的不同组合型式就揭示了种群不同的空间分布型的信息。根据ｃ－ｍ模型，推导了序贯抽样方程和最大抽样数量的确定公式。     

介子与核碰撞的B—E关联及其方向性

本文研究了２５０Ｇｅｖ／ｃ下π＾＋（Ｋ＋）同质子，核碰撞的Ｂｏｓｅ－Ｅｉｎｓｔｅｉｎ关联，用Ｑ＾－ｖＫｙ（Ｑ）分布拟合实验数据得出：当靶粒子为ｐ时，ｒ０＝２．１ｆｍ；发靶为Ａｌ核时，ｒ０＝３．５ｆｍ；当靶为Ａｕ核时，ｒ０＝４．１ｆｍ。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.