朊圆酵母尿酸酶的基本特性研究

研究了尿酸酶分离纯化条件和pH、温度、底物浓度、一些有机和无机试剂对尿酸酶酶促反应速度的影响.研究结果表明,用Triton X-100及巯基乙醇处理细胞悬液(pH 8.5),再用超声波处理破碎细胞效果最佳.硫酸铵沉淀尿酸酶的最佳浓度为75%.用Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B疏水层析和Xanthine-agarose亲和层析两步纯化步骤可获得理想纯度的酶制剂.在一定的条件下,尿酸酶的最适pH和酸碱稳定pH范围分别为8.5和5.0~12.最适温度为37℃;热稳定性较好,在50℃处理30 min时     

醋酸纤维素/聚丙烯复合膜固定化脂肪酶的研究

以醋酸纤维素/聚丙烯复合膜为载体对脂肪酶进行吸附固定,研究了不同条件对固定化脂肪酶活性的影响,得到了最佳固定化条件:酶浓度0.020 g/mL,温度20℃,pH8.0,振荡速度100 r/min,吸附时间2 h,膜酶活力最高为4.5 U/cm2;膜酶转化反应最佳条件:最适温度35℃,比游离酶降低了5℃;最适pH 8.5,与游离酶相比pH向碱性偏移,固定化脂肪酶间歇水解橄榄油132 h酶活力为原酶活力的56.7%.     

海藻糖对银杏叶过氧化物酶活性的影响

对银杏叶过氧化物酶热稳定性、最适pH值及海藻糖对酶热稳定性的保护作用和pH值的影响进行了初步研究.结果表明,用40℃和50℃分别处理30 min,过氧化物酶活性分别剩余78%和39%,在60,70,80℃下活性可分别维持27,18和3 min.银杏叶过氧化物酶最适pH值为6.4和9.2.加入海藻糖后酶活性略有降低(活性丧失约8%),但加热后海藻糖的保护优势得以显现,海藻糖浓度为0.14 mol/L时保护效果最好,而且不同温度处理下酶活的下降趋势均较对照组缓慢,尤其在50,60,70℃条件下,相比对照组高出12%~27%的活性,加热时间长短对海藻糖的保护效果无太大影响.经0.14 mol/L浓度的海藻糖处理后,酶活的最适pH值为6.6和9.4.     

酶法制备鸡骨HAP的研究

采用不同蛋白酶对鸡骨进行水解制备动物水解蛋白(HAP).结果表明,胰酶、AS.1398中性蛋白酶和Alcalase具有较好的水解效果.通过正交试验,以水解度为指标确定胰酶的优化水解条件为:温度50℃,pH值8.5,酶和底物的比值(E/S)为0.75%,底物浓度5%,水解时间为60 min;AS.1398中性蛋白酶最适水解条件为:温度55℃,pH值7.5,E/S为3%,底物浓度5%,水解时间为60 min;Alcalase酶解的最适水解条件为:温度60℃,pH值8.5,E/S为1%,底物浓度5%,水解时间为60 min.     

产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)尿酸酶的基本特性

产朊假丝酵母尿酸酶通过由DEAE-sepharose和Xanthine-agarose等层析纯化.纯化酶经SDS-PAGE显示单一蛋白带,HPLC显示纯度为97.5%.其相对分子质量为127 kDa,变性SDS-PAGE表明该酶的表观分子质量为33 kDa.该酶具有较强的酸碱稳定性和热稳定性,最适pH为8.5,最适温度为40.0℃.在最适条件下测得其Km为35.0 μmol/L.某些金属离子对酶活性的研究结果表明,Co3 ,Pb2 ,Mn2 及EDTA,NEMI对尿酸酶活性有抑制作用,Mg2 ,Triton X-100对尿酸酶活性略有激活作用.     

产朊圆酵母尿酸酶的分离纯化及其部分性质研究

产朊圆酵母Y0401经尿酸诱导培养,菌体采用超声波处理,依次经过DEAE-Sepharose离子交换层析、Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B疏水层析和Xanthine-agarose亲和层析,尿酸酶比活力达到18U/mg,纯化倍数为409倍,回收率为19.2%.纯化后的酶经还原、非还原SDS-PAGE分析为单一蛋白染色带,HPLC显示纯度为98%以上.用HPLC和Superdex 200分子筛层析两种方法测得该酶的相对分子质量为127kDa,在还原条件下进行SDS-PAGE,测得表观分子质量为33kDa,综上结果推测该酶是由分子量相同的4个亚基组成的四聚体蛋白.等电聚焦显示其等电点在6.8~7.5之间.该酶具有较强的酸碱稳定性和热稳定性.最适pH为8.5,最适温度为40.0℃.在最适pH和温度条件下测得该酶Km值为3.34×10-5mol/L.对某些金属离子和有机物对酶活性的影响也进行了研究.     

温度对神仙鱼主要消化酶活力的影响

在不同的反应温度和不同的饲养水温条件下,研究神仙鱼3种主要消化酶的活性.结果表明,在pH7.5、反应时间10min时,蛋白酶活性的最适反应温度为45℃;在pH6.9、反应时间5min时,淀粉酶的最适反应温度为40℃;在pH7.5、反应时间60min时,脂肪酶的最适反应温度为30℃.在16～25℃养殖水温条件下,3种酶的活性随水温的降低而降低.蛋白酶和脂肪酶的最适水温均为25℃,但均与22℃时的差异不显著(P>0.05);淀粉酶活性的最适水温为22℃,但与25℃时的差异不显著(P>0.05).     

修饰性载体固定化漆酶

采用壳聚糖铜固定化和交联酶聚集体的方法固定化漆酶.探索了固定化前后漆酶的最适温度、pH,热稳定性和金属离子对其活性的影响,交联漆酶聚集体制备的条件.结果为:游离漆酶的最适温度是20℃,最适pH是4.6;壳聚糖铜固定化漆酶的最适温度是25℃,最适pH是4.0;交联漆酶聚集体的最适温度是15℃,最适pH是3.6.固定化后漆酶的热稳定性提高,不同金属离子影响固定化漆酶的活性,其中K+的激活作用尤为明显.制备交联漆酶聚集体最适戊二醛浓度为1%,最适交联时间是2 h.     

草鱼肝脏GPT酶的动力学特征及对Nic的敏感性研究

以草鱼肝脏匀浆上清液为GPT酶液,用L25(56)正交和分光光度法,测试其催化反应的最适条件及对Nic的敏感性.试验表明:在酶液浓度0.1 mg/mL、α-酮戊二酸3μmol/mL、反应体系pH8.5、反应温度50℃及反应时间70 min时,GPT转氨基速率达到最大值,其中酶浓度和底物对其活力影响均达到极显著水平(p<0.01),pH值和温度对其活力影响达到显著水平(p<0.05);在GPT反应最适条件下测得,0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0及4.0 mg/L的Nic与GPT共存1 h,其活性抑制率分别为23.08、26.56、26.40、31.13及35.95%,Nic浓度与GPT活性抑制呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.9479).初步推定草鱼肝脏GPT是Nic致其死亡的生化靶点.     

莲子浆的酶解条件探索研究

通过α-淀粉酶、葡萄糖淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶处理莲子浆,探索出了酶解莲子浆的最佳工艺条件.实验表明,在pH值为6.5,温度95℃下α-淀粉酶水解的最佳条件为酶与底物之比为24U/g莲子、底物浓度5%、水解时间为30min;在pH值为4.0,温度60℃下葡萄糖淀粉酶糖化的最佳条件为酶与底物之比为10000U/g莲子,底物浓度为11%,时间为11hr;在pH值为7.5,温度40℃下胰蛋白酶水解的最佳条件为酶与底物之比为16 000U/g莲子、底物浓度5%、水解时间为5hr.水解率可达56.25%,可得澄清透明的莲子原液.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.