Preparation of Acid Dyeable Polypropylene Fiber

A series of basic copolyamides has been synthesized withadipic acid(AA),hexamethylene diamine(HMDA)anddiethylenetriamine(DETA).Intrinsic viscosity determi-nation,thermal analysis and infrared spectrum analysisof the copolyamide indicates that molecular weight,ther-mal stability reduce whereas alkalinity increase with theincreasing fraction of DETA.Then acid dyeable polypro-pylene fibers are prepared by admixing polypropylene(PP)with those copolyamides prior to extrusion.Lowconcentration of the additive affects slightly on the crys-tallinity and the mechanical property of PP fiber.Themodified PP fibers have a nice acidic dyeability.     

Influence of alkaline treatment and fiber loading on the physical and mechanical properties of kenaf/polypropylene composites for variety of applications

Due to current trend and increasing interest towards natural based fiber products, Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) fibers have been used for the developments of many products. Therefore, Kenaf fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used in engineering and industrial applications. The present work deals with the fabricating and characterization of untreated and treated kenaf/polypropylene (PP)-reinforced composites. Composites of PP reinforced with treated and untreated kenaf fibers were fabricated using the injection molding technique. Different fiber loadings of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt% treated and untreated kenaf composites were also prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed on the treated, untreated kenaf fibers and kenaf/PP composites. Moreover, the alkaline-treated kenaf composites exhibit better physical, morphological, and mechanical properties because of the compatibility of kenaf with PP. However, variations in tensile and flexural properties depend on treatment and kenaf fiber contents. The percentage increase in the mechanical properties of the treated kenaf/PP composites relative to that of PP was also measured. In addition, 40 wt% kenaf fiber loading resulted in higher mechanical properties. By contrast, kenaf/PP composite with 50% fiber loading was not successfully prepared because of improper mixing and the burning of kenaf fibers in the PP matrix. To conclude, 40% kenaf/PP composites with superior physical and mechanical properties may be used in variety of applications such as automotive, sports, construction, animal bedding, and mass production industries.     

不同黏度聚丙烯流动性能及其皮芯型纺黏纤维

研究了不同黏度聚丙烯熔体的表观黏度与切变速率、温度之间的关系,并比较了不同黏度聚丙烯熔体制得的皮芯型纺黏纤维的力学性能和结构。结果表明:随着温度的升高,黏度越大的聚丙烯熔体的表观黏度减小速率越快;随着切变速率的加快,熔体的表观黏度不断减小。在相同的纺黏工艺条件下,低黏度的聚丙烯熔体制得的皮芯型纤维更细,断裂强度更小;与机械牵伸工艺相比,聚丙烯复合纤维的解取向程度改变不明显,黏度越小的聚丙烯复合纤维取向度和结晶度越大。采用不同黏度聚丙烯熔体制备的皮芯型纺黏纤维,仅部分纤维截面会呈现皮芯型结构。     

The Manufacture of Structured Flax/Hemp Fiber Thermoplastic Composites and Its Flexural Properties

Flax and hemp fibers were used as reinforcing materials to commingle with polypropylene (PP) fiber to realize the mixture of two materials at the stage of yarn.Meanwhile,PP filaments were introduced to produce a corespun yarn with flax/PP as core and PP filament as outer sheath.The commingled yarns were woven into 2D fabric which was used as the prefabricated material.The composite laminates were prepared by hot press technology.The effects of manufacture technology, yam structure,and fiber weight fraction on flexural properties of composites were investigated.     

PP纤维水泥复合材料的界面行为--单纤维拉出试验初探

通过普通圆截面PP、改性圆截面PP和三叶PP短纤维水泥基复合材料的拉出试验,获得了最大载荷-纤维埋入长度曲线和载荷—拉出长度曲线,并据此讨论了这类复合材料的界面行为。     

Preparation of High Shrinkage Polypropylene

The common PP chips have been used to prepare high shrinkage PP fibers with shrinkage in boiling water higher than 50%. Meanwhile, the process conditions on fiber structure and properties have been discussed in detail. With the increase of drawing temperature, the shrinkage in boiling water of the fiber increases at first, and then decreases in the temperature range from 70℃to lOO℃. The better drawing temperature is from 75℃ to 85℃ according to the melt index of the PP material. The shrinkage in boiling water of PP fiber increases with the increase of pump delivery. The orientation factor and crystallinity increase with the increase of drawing temperature. With an increase in drawing temperature, unit-cell numbers and monomer unit numbers in every crystal nucleus tend to increase, but unit volume crystal nucleus tend to reduce.     

Photo-Grafting Copolymerization of PP Nonwoven Fabric and Its Application for Acidic Dye Adsorption and Filtration

The monomer methacrylamido propyl trimethy ammonium chloride（ MAPTAC） was copolymerized onto the fiber surface of polypropylene（ PP） nonwoven fabric under ultroviole radiation. The weak acid red GN dye adsorption and adsorptive filtration performance of the resulted PP fabrics were investigated.The results showed that the grafting copolymerization preferred to happen in the inner layer of the fabrics. The water flux of the grafted fabrics decreases with the increase of grafting yield. The collapse of the grafted polymer chains causes the flux increase in acidic condition,or vice versa at alkaline version. The coiling of the polyelectrolyte chains upon the dye adsorption seems to violate the routine assumption of the rigid substrate, and this gets the adsorption energy constant negative. The static adsorption process follows the Lagergren＇s pseudo-second order kinetic equation. The removals of circa（ ca.） 100% of the total permeation volume3 500 mL simulated dye wastewater was reached during permeation.The dye adsorbed fabrics were regenerated by the mixed media of the cationic surfactant / ethanol /water. The grafted fabric assumes stable fabric integrity and stability during permeation,and presents excellent dye adsorption capacity,easy desorption, and repeatable utilization.     

Y型聚丙烯纤维/硅灰对混凝土强度性能的影响

用Y型聚丙烯纤维和硅灰增强水泥混凝土,研究不同掺量条件下,对混凝土抗压性能的影响,并分析聚丙烯纤维以及硅灰在阻裂增强方面的作用机理.研究表明,加入聚丙烯纤维可使混凝土的抗裂、抗收缩性能提高,但会使混凝土中的孔隙率增大,使抗压强度有一定程度的降低;加入硅灰后,水泥石的密实性提高,抗压强度增大.     

烟用丙纤丝束滤嘴调理剂的研制

为了提高丙纤丝束滤嘴成型效率和质量,降低成本,采用复配的方法由多种天然油剂配制而成的烟用丙纤丝束调理剂无色、无味、无毒,对改善丙纤加工性能,提高郑烟质量具有良好效果,其成本仅为常用三醋酸甘油酯的三分之一。     

聚丙烯纤维拔出试验声发射监测

采用室内纤维拔出试验和声发射试验,以探究聚丙烯纤维混凝土/砂浆材料的粘结破坏机理。根据聚丙烯纤维拔出试验的拔出力-拔出位移曲线,提出将聚丙烯纤维拔出破坏模型分五个阶段：完全粘结、完全粘结至部分脱粘、部分脱粘至最大脱粘、最大脱粘至完全脱粘、摩擦拔出。同步进行的声发射试验表明,累计计数-时间曲线与聚丙烯纤维拔出力-拔出位移曲线有较好的相关性,同时,声发射试验结果为提出的聚丙烯纤维拔出破坏模型提供了较好的佐证。     

纤维增强磷酸钾镁水泥砂浆力学性能研究

研究了PVA纤维、PP纤维、玻璃纤维三种纤维在不同的w_(S/C)下对磷酸钾镁水泥砂浆力学性能的影响.结果表明:三种纤维都能在一定程度上增强磷酸钾镁水泥砂浆的力学性能,对磷酸钾镁水泥砂浆早期力学性能的影响比较大,后期力学性能的影响会有所降低.其中,PVA的增强效果最为明显,PP纤维次之,玻璃纤维增强效果最弱.同时得出,在同种纤维条件下,w_(S/C)不是磷酸钾镁水泥砂浆抗折强度的主要影响因素,但是其抗压强度均随着w_(S/C)的增大而增大.     

苯甲醇在阳离子染料染阴离子改性涤纶中的作用机理

对文题的研究表明,染料阳离子与纤维内部的阴离子经离子交换而结合。染色是放热及熵减小过程。苯甲醇的存在,提高了染色饱和值和染色速度;降低了染色亲合力、染色热及染色熵;消除了环染,其效果随染浴(或纤维)内苯甲醇浓度的升高而加强。用红外光谱法及X-射线衍射法测定了经苯甲醇水溶液处理过的聚合物的结晶性能;用差式扫描量热法、拉伸试验和动态粘弹谱等方法测定了该聚合物的熔融及力学性能。结果表明,苯甲醇渗入了聚合物(纤维)内部,并减弱其非晶区的分子间的相互作用,但不破坏结晶区,同时导致纤维溶胀,链段淌动性加强,因而促进了染色。     

碱处理对剑麻连续长纤增强聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

以丙纶长纤为经纱,剑麻连续长纤为纬纱,织成剑麻/PP平纹机织物.采用不同浓度的氢氧化钠对织物进行碱处理,将处理后的织物与聚丙烯薄板模压成型,制备出剑麻连续长纤增强聚丙烯复合材料.采用SEM对碱处理前后的剑麻纤维形貌进行分析,讨论不同碱处理浓度对复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:碱处理对剑麻连续长纤的表面具有刻蚀作用,以及对剑麻连续长纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的动态热机械性能、拉伸性能、弯曲性能均有一定的影响.     

纳米SiO2修饰玻纤表面对玻纤/聚丙烯复合材料界面性能的影响

借助纳米颗粒的高比表面积特性,将纳米二氧化硅通过化学接枝方法修饰玻璃纤维表面,制备玻璃纤维/聚丙烯（PP）热塑复合材料。通过SEM表征纳米二氧化硅在玻璃纤维表面的分布形态,结果表明纳米颗粒在纤维表面分散良好;通过界面剪切强度测试（IFSS）和界面断裂韧性测试（G_ⅡC）表征复合材料界面的静态力学性能,结果显示材料的界面剪切强度与界面断裂韧性同时获得了较大的提升;动态热机械分析测试（DMA）的结果表明复合材料在动态测试下的综合界面结合性能均得到较大的提升。     

荷载-硫酸盐共同作用下纤维混凝土柱受压性能

为研究在荷载-硫酸盐共同作用下聚丙烯纤维混凝土柱的偏心受压性能,对8个聚丙烯纤维混凝土柱和1个普通混凝土对照柱进行了偏心受压静力试验,获取了荷载-变形曲线、荷载-钢筋应变曲线以及截面应变,分析了应力比和腐蚀时间对试件破坏形态、延性以及峰值荷载等的影响.结果 表明:聚丙烯纤维的加入,可有效抑制硫酸盐的侵蚀作用;峰值荷载随应力比的增加呈先提高后降低趋势,随腐蚀时间增加亦呈先提高后降低趋势,150 d时承载力较120 d降低了15.83％;位移延性系数随应力比的增加而减小,随腐蚀时间增加呈先增加后降低趋势,150 d时位移延性系数较60 d降低了15.79％.同时考虑应力比及硫酸盐对混凝土的损伤,引入损伤因子,建立经历荷载和硫酸盐作用后的混凝土抗压强度计算公式;考虑聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗拉强度对受拉区的贡献,采用等效矩形应力图简化计算方法,引入受拉区等效系数,建立荷载与硫酸盐共同作用下聚丙烯纤维混凝土柱承载力计算公式;并考虑聚丙烯纤维和硫酸盐腐蚀的影响,建立了最大裂缝宽度计算公式.理论计算值与试验值吻合较好.     

面向增材制造的零件结构及工艺设计

从零件结构设计中的拓扑优化、介观结构、零件整合、流体管道及热交换器设计方面和工艺设计中层内轨迹、建造方向、多轴建造及曲面分层设计方面系统地论述了国内外面向增材制造的零件设计的研究进展,并在此基础上提出了AM零件一体化设计、多尺度下异构胞状结构设计、面向零件性能的工艺设计以及连续碳纤维增强复合材料工艺设计四个未来发展趋势。     

玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯结晶动力学研究

通过DSC方法研究了玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合体系的结晶行为,探讨了体系等温及非等温结晶动力学,采用Mandelkern方法和Jeziorny方法对体系的非等温结晶动力学进行了处理。结果表明：玻璃纤维的引入改变了聚丙烯的结晶温度和结晶度,对聚丙烯的结晶有成核作用,短玻璃纤维的成核作用强于玻璃纤维毡;聚丙烯及玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯的等温结晶在相当大的结晶范围内符合Avrami方程;由Jeziorny方法得出的单位冷却速率非等温结晶能力参数Gc不随冷却速率的改变而变化,能较好地反映结晶过程,可用该方法材料结晶动力学进行计算。     

蒙脱土改性聚丙烯共混体系的可纺性及染色性研究

用X-射线衍射仪研究了蒙脱土在聚丙烯中的插层情况；对蒙脱土改性聚丙烯的多组分共混体系的可纺性及染色性作了比较。结果表明，聚丙烯／马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯／有机蒙脱土复合材料的质量分数组成为78．5%／13．5％／1．5％，加入质量分数为6．5％聚酯离聚物的共混体系具有较好的可纺性，且蒙脱土与聚酯离聚物对聚丙烯纤维的染色性改善具有协同作用，较聚丙烯／聚酯离聚物体系的染色性更好。     

中间体DSD酸及PP酸合成的直接染料品种概述

文章介绍了染料中间体DSD酸和PP酸合成的多种直接染料品种。     

增强改性聚丙烯力学性能的研究

通过在聚丙烯（ＰＰ）中加入玻璃纤维增强剂和乙，丙二烯烃共聚物（ＥＰＤＭ）增韧剂，对添加剂的不同含量所产生力学性能的影响进行了研究，结果表明，加入适量的添加剂后能达到综合性能良好的改性ＰＰ。