聚丙烯接枝聚丙烯酸中空纤维膜的pH响应性

评价了聚丙烯酸接枝改性聚丙烯中空纤维膜的pH响应性。在接枝率小于17%时,接枝膜的pH敏感性随接枝率的增加而提高。在牛血清蛋白(BSA)溶液微滤试验中,接枝膜与未接枝膜在BSA的等电点4.7处,都表现出严重的膜污染;而pH=3时,膜通量下降趋势最小。与未接枝膜相比,接枝膜在pH=3时污染较严重,而接枝率18%的膜在pH4.7和8时表现出一定的抗污染性。研究表明:蛋白质与膜之间的电荷作用以及BSA和膜构象的变化都是膜污染的重要影响因素。     

光接枝表面改性聚丙烯膜固定蛋白质的研究

采用表面光接枝改性,以二苯甲酮为光引发剂,在聚丙烯膜表面分别接枝一层聚丙烯酸(PAA)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和马来酸酐(MAH),然后分别在上述接枝层表面对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)进行固定。采用称重法、付立叶红外光谱仪、水接触角测试仪、紫外 可见光谱等测试手段对表面改性效果和固定的蛋白量进行表征。结果表明,在经MAH、AA和AM接枝改性过的聚丙烯膜表面可以固定BSA。而且固定效果率比较为：MAH>AA>AM。     

一种新方法研究细线密度丙纶织物单向导湿性能

采用一种新的测试方法，可以直接测试织物两表面的含水量，表征织物含水在两表面之间的运动方向．代替过去传统的方法来测量丙纶织物的单向导湿性能，能够量化含丙纶织物的单向导湿性能．用此方法将丙纶、纯棉织物及其混纺织物和棉／丙复合双层织物进行比较，发现针织棉盖丙织物是所有样品中单向导湿能力最好的，且远超过纯棉、涤棉织物。     

Composition and Properties of Thermo-regulated Non-woven Fabrics

A series of non-woven fabrics were fabricated by blending S0- 80wt% of thennoregulated fibres containing n-elcosane, n-nonadecane or n-octadecane with 0 - 40wt% PET fibres and 0- 20wt% PP fibres. The phase change properties, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, heat flux and inner temperature difference between wool felt and the thermoregulated non-woven fabrics of the non-woven fabrics were measured respectively. The thereto-regulated non-woven fabrics absorb heat at 25- 34℃ and release heat at 10- 25℃. The measured highest enthalpy of the non-woven is approximately 18J/g. During a heating process, heat flux of the non-woven fabrics is composed of three parts, heat absorbed by the cold textile touching the hot plate, heat transmitted from the hot plate to the cold plate, and the heat absorbed by PCM from the hot plate during the phase change process. The measured maximum inner temperature difference in a temperature rising process between the wool felt and the thermo-regulated non-woven fabric is approximately 8℃. The inner temperature difference （Tr-Ts〉0） lasts 16 - 45 min By contrary, the measured maximum inner temperature difference in the temperature decreasing process is approximately - 6. 5℃. The inner temperature difference （Tr-Ts〈0） lasts 16 - 50 min, The temperature regulation properties are obviously observed.     

PP接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯低聚物的制备及应用

利用半频哪醇休眠基在热、光作用下的再引发特性,将带有半频哪醇休眠基的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯低聚物（PGMA-BPH）与聚丙烯进行熔融接枝,从而在聚丙烯大分子链上引入反应性环氧基团,实现聚丙烯的功能化改性。初步探讨了接枝反应的机理和反应时间对接枝率的影响。通过FTIR对接枝产物进行表征,证实了接枝反应的发生。XRD和DSC的测试结果表明接枝聚丙烯的晶型由纯聚丙烯的α晶与β晶的混合体变为单纯的α晶型,并且其熔点、结晶度及结晶完善程度都有一定程度的提高。将所得接枝聚丙烯用作聚丙烯和尼龙6的共混相容剂,分散相尼龙6的相畴尺寸明显减小,两相的相容性提高。     

聚丙烯与三单体固相接枝物的等温结晶行为

采用固相接枝法合成聚丙烯(PP)与3种单体(马来酸酐、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯)的固相接枝物,利用傅立叶变换红外光谱研究接枝物的结构,通过差示扫描量热法和偏光显微镜研究固相接枝物的等温结晶行为,采用Avrami方程研究固相接枝物的等温结晶动力学.研究结果表明,接枝物的Avrami指数n和PP的相近,在0~3之间,说明接枝物存在混合式的成核生长方式.接枝支链充当异相成核剂,提高了成核速率,降低了结晶活化能;同时,接枝支链阻碍了PP基体的结晶进程,延长了接枝物完成结晶的时间.PP和PP接枝物结晶参数的拟合值与实验值基本一致,说明Avrami方程能有效地描述三单体固相接枝物的等温结晶行为.     

Structure and Properties of Silk Fibers Grafted with Vinyl Siloxane Monomer

IntroductionSilk are used extensively in textile field because of itsexcellent characteristics , but silk crease and yellow easily .Grafting of silk fibers with vinyl monomers is considered asan effective method to substantially i mprove its intrinsicproperties . The most popular vinyl monomers currently usedare methyl methacrylate[1 ,2], hydroxypropyl methacrylate[3]and methacrylamide[4]etc .. The properties of silk fibersgrafted with these monomers were i mproved . But thephysical propertie…     

纯棉针织物的秦皮天然染料染色

以水为提取剂从中药秦皮中提取天然染料对纯棉针织物进行染色,研究不同媒染方式以及染料质量浓度、染浴pH值、染色温度及时间、媒染剂硫酸亚铁用量等后媒法染色工艺对纯棉针织物染色效果的影响.结果表明,后媒法染色效果最好,秦皮天然染料对纯棉针织物的后媒染染色最佳工艺为：秦皮天然染料质量浓度12g/L,染液pH 4,染色温度90℃,染色时间60min,媒染剂硫酸亚铁用量5g/L.织物经后媒染染色后得色均匀,各项色牢度较好.     

Influences of Cotton Fabric Treatments on Human Physical Responses during Exercise and Recovery

We investigated the influences of liquid water transfer property of cotton fabric on human physiological responses, such as ear canal temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, stress hormone, during exercise and recovery. Long sleeves cotton knitted sportswear treated to have special liquid water transfer property were prepared; （1） Hydrophilic; （ 2 ） Hydrophobic; and （ 3 ） Moisture Management （MM）. Wearing these garments, human subjects ran on treadmill according ＂to a pre-designed experimental protocol. It was found that during exercise hydrophilic cotton caused significantly higher mean skin temperature than MM and hydrophobic cotton fabrics, while during recovery, hydrophilic and MM cotton fabrics caused significantly higher mean skin temperature than hydrophobic cotton fabric. Hydrophilic cotton fabric caused significantly lower heart rate than MM cotton fabric, lower systolic blood pressure than MM and hydrophobic cotton fabrics. Hydrophobic cotton fabric caused significantly higher urinary catecholamine volume than hydrophilic and MM cotton fabric, indicating stronger physical stress. Hydrophilic cotton fabric caused significantly stronger thermal and humidity sensations than MM and hydrophobic cotton fabrics at the end of first and second exercise sessions. Hydrophilic cotton fabric caused significantly stronger discomfort sensation than hydrophobic cotton fabric at the end of first session of exercise. In the end of wear trial, MM cotton fabric caused significantly higher tiredness sensation than hydrophilic and hydrophobic cotton fabrics.     

Manufacture of Flax Reinforced PP Laminates and Research on the Tensile Properties

Flax fiber was used to reinforce Polypropylene （PP） owing to its lower impact on environment and suitable mechanical behaviors. To overcome the difficulty of penetrating fibers due to the high viscosity of thermo-plastic resin, PP filaments wrapping around the linen yam produced commingled yams, which were woven into fabrics as preforms to make laminates by optimum hot-pressing technology. The effects of fiber volume fraction, fabric density and structure on tensile properties of composites were researched through analyzing the tensile test results and the scanning electronic microscope （SEM） micrographs of fracture surface. Conclusions are drawn that the properties of laminates with fiber volume fraction of 0.50 are better than those with the other two fractions. For plain structure, the tensile properties in warp direction decrease according to the increase of weft density while in weft direction increase. For different fabric structures, properties of laminates with structures of plain 3, twill 2/2 and twill 3/1 increase gradually. And properties in weft direction are prior to those in warp direction for each laminate.     

核壳胶粒增韧改性聚丙烯研究Ⅰ.反应共混

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝改性聚丙烯（ＰＰｇＧＭＡ）作为界面改性剂,采用粒径可控的反应性核壳胶粒与ＰＰ进行反应共混,研究了反应共混物的结构与性质．用化学分离结合光谱表征的方法,对熔融共混时发生的原位反应进行了表征;以共混物平衡扭矩为参数考察了界面改性剂对共混物熔体扭矩的影响;用示差扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）研究了共混物中ＰＰ的结晶行为．结果表明,红外谱图上１　４９３ ｃｍ － １及２　７００～３　０００ ｃｍ － １处的吸收峰可用于共混反应的鉴定;与非反应共混相比,反应共混使熔体的平衡扭矩升高;ＰＰｇＧＭＡ对ＰＰ结晶有促进作用,反应共混物中ＰＰ结晶温度的升高可归结为ＰＰｇＧＭＡ与核壳胶粒在促进ＰＰ结晶方面所表现出的协同作用     

PP/EPDM-g-GMA共混物的形态结构和力学性能

在转矩流变仪中通过熔融接枝反应制备了EPDM-g-GMA，将其与聚丙烯(PP)在双螺杆挤出机中熔融共混，用化学滴定法测定EPDM—g—GMA的接枝率，用红外光谱对接枝物进行表征，用SEM观察共混物的形态，通过对PP／EPDM-g-GMA共混物的形态结构和力学性能的研究发现，随着EPDM—g—GMA的含量或温度的增加，PP／EPDM-g-GMA共混物的缺口冲击强度相应提高，而拉伸强度降低，断裂伸长率相应增加。     

聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐型相容剂的研究

采用马来酸酐或马来酸酯在不同条件下与聚丙烯（ＰＰ）进行接枝反应制备相容剂，并将其用于ＰＰ／ＰＳ，ＰＰ／ＰＥＴ，ＰＰ／ＡＢＳ等聚合物的共混改性；比较了接枝物组成、配比、接枝方法等对相容剂性能的影响。通过力学性能测试，透射电镜观察等方法研究了相容剂在共混物中的作用。结果表明，相容剂的加入使不相容的两相高分子形成较细小的分散相，明显改善共混体系的加工性和力学性能，其中ＰＰ接枝马来酸酯相容剂的性能较优     

聚丙烯的官能化及其与尼龙6相容性

以甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯为单体,过氧化二异丙苯为引发剂,对聚丙烯进行官能化,主要研究了反应单体浓度、引发剂浓度、停留时间对接枝率和熔融指数的影响,再将不同接枝率的聚丙烯与尼龙6共混,研究接枝率对共混物力学性能及相容性的影响.结果表明,接枝率随单体浓度的增加而增加,随引发剂含量的增加达到峰值后下降;PA6/PP-g-GMA的机械性能较PA6/PP有显著提高.     

高红外透过性UHMWPE/锦纶复合微孔织物的制备

将超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(ultrahigh relative molecular weight polyethylene,UHMWPE)溶解后与锦纶6网格布热压复合,采用热致相分离法制得UHMWPE/锦纶复合微孔织物。研究了UHMWPE相对分子质量和质量分数对复合织物厚度、水通量、透气率和水蒸气透过率的影响,并研究了复合织物对紫外光、可见光及红外光的透过性能,计算了复合织物对人体发射红外波段范围内的红外透过率。研究结果表明,采用UHMWPE相对分子质量为100万或400万,质量分数为5%~10%时,其与锦纶6网格布复合形成的微孔织物在波长7~14μm内的加权平均红外透过率达95%以上,且均具有较好的透气性、透湿性和满足服用织物需要的力学性能,同时,该复合织物对紫外光和可见光均有较好的遮蔽性能,可用作凉爽织物。     

微波接枝改性尼龙66织物的阻燃性能

采用微波技术将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和9，10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)依次接枝到尼龙66织物表面，以提高其阻燃性能。探讨了引发剂质量分数、单体质量分数、反应时间和反应温度对接枝率和缩合率的影响，得到了最佳反应条件：引发剂KPS的质量分数0.3%，GMA单体质量分数5%，反应时间90min，GMA反应温度70℃；DOPO缩合反应时间4h，反应温度140℃，微波功率500W。对接枝后尼龙66织物的表面形貌采用衰减全反射-红外光谱（ATR FT-IR）与扫描电镜（SEM）进行表征，通过热重分析（TGA）、垂直燃烧及氧指数（LOI）测试对织物的热行为和阻燃性能进行了分析，测试了织物的力学性能，并对接枝织物的阻燃机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明：接枝后织物的成炭性能明显增强，阻燃性能得到改善。     

新型含氟含磷水性聚氨酯的合成及在棉织物上的应用

由单体3,3-双(三氟乙氧基)甲基氧杂环丁烷(BFOx)和3,3-双(叠氮甲基)氧杂环丁烷(BAMO)阳离子开环共聚而制得的含氟聚醚二醇,与炔丙氧基磷酸二乙酯(DEPP)发生"Click"反应,将磷酸酯结构以侧链的形式嫁接于含氟聚醚二醇的链上.这种含氟含磷聚醚二醇作为水性聚氨酯APU的软段部分,通过与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)聚合而得到阴离子水性聚氨酯(APU)乳液.经该乳液整理后的棉织物,其表面具有拒水性能,对水的接触角可达到135°,织物的极限氧指数(LOI)达到19.5%.     

原位接枝剑麻纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料研究

用硝酸铈铵作引发剂,将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)原位接枝到剑麻纤维(SF)的表面,考察了引发剂浓度和MMA/SF质量比对接枝率的影响。用注塑成型工艺制备了剑麻纤维/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料及MMA接枝SF/PP复合材料,研究了剑麻长度、含量、接枝率以及不同预处理对复合材料力学性能的影响,对长度10mm的剑麻纤维,其接枝率为31.5%时,5wt%的剑麻掺量下试样的抗拉强度可达31.1MPa,对应断裂伸长率为19.3%.     

尼龙-6膜与丙烯酸接枝共聚反应的研究

以（NH4）2Ce（NO3）6/H2SO4为引发剂,通过化学接枝共聚反应在尼龙-6（N6）微孔膜上接枝了丙烯酸（AAC）,探讨单体AAC浓度、反应温度、交联剂BIS质量比对接枝率和膜过滤通量的影响.结果表明：单体浓度、反应温度、交联剂浓度均能影响聚丙烯酸（PAAC）接枝率和膜水通量.AAC的最佳浓度为6mg/mL,反应最佳温度为60℃,BIS的最佳质量比为单体量的5%.     

微晶纤维素ARGET ATRP接枝共聚制备PMMA和PMAA-Na的研究

使用再生电子转移生成催化剂原子转移自由基聚合(ARGET ATRP)方法,在微晶纤维素表面分别接枝了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和甲基丙烯酸钠(MAA-Na),FT-IR图谱和SEM照片证明纤维素基表面成功接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA); 凝胶渗透色谱分析表明PMMA的分子质量分布较窄,M_w/M_n=1.12,说明ARGET ATRP实现了对接枝侧链分布均一性的有效控制。MAA-Na单体的转化率随反应时间的增加而增加,可在接枝侧链分布均一性的基础上通过调整反应时间实现侧链长度的有效可控。ARGET ATRP可实现对微晶纤维素表面接枝侧链分布和长度的控制。