蛋白质折叠的三维计算机模拟

介绍了计算机模拟蛋白质的三维模型,利用混合遗传算法对模型问题进行了模拟计算,获得了由２７个氨基酸残基组成的肽链的能量最小的折叠构象,计算结果表明,对于蛋白质折叠的三维晶格模型而言混合遗传算法是很有效的。     

蛋白质折叠理论与包涵体的处理

多肽链折叠成天然构象的蛋白质决定于蛋白质的一级结构,另外还需要分子伴侣等蛋白质的协助以及ATP提供能量。大肠杆菌等表达体系表达外源基因时,其表达产物量形成包涵体,利用蛋白质折叠理论,可以分析其产生的原因以及建立恰当的蛋白质复性体系。     

分子伴侣的研究进展

文章综述了分子伴侣特别是HSP70分子伴侣系统的结构、功能、作用机理及应用方面的研究进展。分子伴侣能结合和稳定另一种蛋白质的不稳定构象，促进新生多肽链的正确折叠，因而在辅助蛋白质复性以及免疫保护等方面有很重要的作用。HSP70分子伴侣能够帮助细胞内新生蛋白的折叠和跨膜运输、蛋白质多聚体结构的装配和解装配，并能在胁迫下维持蛋白质的特殊构象，防止未折叠的蛋白质变性和使聚集的蛋白质溶解复性。     

应用于蛋白质折叠模拟的三种新蒙特卡罗方法的比较

新蒙特卡罗方法是一类随机算法的统称．这类算法已被应用于蛋白质折叠的模拟计算，并取得了较好的结果．该文将并行回火与遗传算法的混合算法、群体模拟退火方法以及群体模拟退火方法与遗传算法的混合算法这3种改进的蒙特卡罗方法应用到蛋白质折叠模拟计算，并就二维网格模型比较了这3种方法搜索最小能量构象的能力以及计算了得到最小能量构象所花费的时间．计算机模拟计算的结果表明，3种方法对于短序列蛋白质折叠结构的预测都较为有效，而群体模拟退火方法与遗传算法的混合算法则比其它两种算法所花费的计算时间要少，也就更为有效．     

从高分子构象与动力学到蛋白质折叠

针对作用在聚合物刷上的键拉力研究表明作用在接枝基面上的力随着聚合物刷接枝密度的增大反而减小,然而尾端单体上的拉伸张力并没有消失.高分子的构象和动力学转变决定了其物性和多种多样的应用,而生物大分子蛋白质作为由二十种不同属性的氨基酸构成的序列,更是具有由其序列所决定的特别的三维自然结构.本文就聚合物刷、聚合物纳米复合材料、聚合物网络等几种高分子体系的构象与动力学过程,及蛋白质构象和其折叠与去折叠的动力学过程做了介绍.特别是蛋白质的折叠与去折叠速率在单分子操纵实验中受到拉力的调控,通过测量这种拉力依赖的动力学过程、蛋白质的自由能曲面和折叠去折叠路径可以得到系统全面的研究.本文以肌肉蛋白titin的免疫球蛋白结构域I27为例对蛋白质折叠研究进行了阐述.     

蛋白质二级结构的红外光谱

蛋白质的多肽锭组成了各种特定的三维空间构象，氢键在维系这种构造中起着十分重要的作用。本文通过红外光谱法研究了蛋白质的二级结构和氢键在维系这种构造中的作用，发现具有螺旋和折叠构象的多肽链主要以反式构象为特征排布。     

蛋白质构象与折叠行为的研究

蛋白质结构预测与蛋白质折叠是生命科学研究的核心问题之一,也是后基因时代推动生物学朝着定量化发展的重要方向之一,它是分子生物学中心法则还没有解决的一个重大生物学问题.简单介绍了蛋白质分子的结构特点,讨论了蛋白质分子构象研究的重点,即蛋白质结构预测与蛋白质折叠.重点介绍了拥挤环境对蛋白质构象的影响和蛋白质分子的力学性质,这是蛋白质分子构象研究的深入.这些介绍可以帮助我们更清楚地认识蛋白质分子.     

小蛋白天然结构与折叠速度关系的分子动力学模拟研究

用分子动力学模拟方法研究了小蛋白天然结构集合与其折叠速度的关系．根据蛋白质内存在接触的不同定义方式．利用分子动力学模拟方法得到了10个小蛋白的一系列构象集合,分析了其拓扑参数与折叠速度的关系,并与PDB单构象的情况进行了比较．用含主链重原子的方式定义接触,所计算的结果较好,天然结构集合所计算的拓扑参数与蛋白质折叠速度的关系可以更真实地反映实际情况．     

蛋白质折叠与力学传感的单分子磁镊操纵研究进展

蛋白质的折叠与相互作用是物理、生物等多学科交叉领域关注的基本问题.力生物学的前沿研究表明，一系列对力敏感的蛋白质在机械力作用下的去折叠与复折叠动力学及相互作用调控，是实现其力感知的物理机制.前沿单分子操纵技术的发展使得在单分子水平定量探究蛋白质的折叠与细胞力学传感的分子机制成为可能.本文重点介绍近年来蛋白质折叠与力学传感的单分子磁镊操纵研究进展，包括单结构域蛋白质的折叠-去折叠动力学、自由能曲面的构造，及细胞黏着斑与胞间连接的力敏感蛋白行使生物功能的分子机制.     

尿素、盐酸胍在溶菌酶分子上结合数的平衡渗析研究

蛋白质的活性及生物功能与其二级、三级和四级结构有重要联系,而这些结构主要是以氢键、疏水键等弱相互作用所维系.由于这些弱相互作用易受外界因素的影响,使蛋白质分子发生构象变化,从原来的折叠态变为去折叠态.这一变化使得蛋白质分子失去生物功能,称为蛋白质的变性.能够使蛋白质变性的化学物质被称为变性剂,尿素和盐酸胍是常见的蛋白质变性剂.     

Inverse Thermal-Responsive Glyco-Polypeptide Polymer for One-Pot Glyco-Affinity Proteomic

1 Introduction Proteins are ultimately responsible for the biological processes in cells, body fluids, and tissue specimens. This presents enormous challenges to the field of proteomics, which aims to identify, characterize and assign biological functions of all proteins. Determining individual protein in complex biological samples often requires some type of separation as a prerequisite for its measurement. The complexities of chemical structure and in the physiological function of every prot…     

Multiple conformations of proteins in native state

Examples of protein sequences that can adopt multiple native states are recently accumulated. Characterization of the protein multiple conformations will have important implications for our understanding of the relationship between structure and function, and their folding kinetics. In present review, the experimental evidence for the existence of multiple conformations in the native state of proteins, the molecular basis and the biological significance of multiple conformations of proteins are focused.     

Structure of the fibronectin type 1 module

The rapid accumulation of sequence data has provided insight into the evolution of proteins and led to the identification of 'mosaic proteins'. These proteins have evolved by duplication, insertion and deletion of a common pool of structural units or modules, yet their biological functions are diverse. They are involved in cell adhesion and migration, embryogenesis and the pathways of blood clotting, fibrinolysis and complement. The modular units are defined by 'consensus sequences' which often include conserved disulphide bonds. Despite the available sequence information, little is known of the tertiary structure of mosaic proteins. If, however, the 'consensus structure' of the modules were known, valuable structural information could be inferred about a wide variety of proteins and biological systems. An important mosaic protein is fibronectin, an extracellular matrix protein that consists of three types of module (see refs 3, 7 for reviews). Here we describe the structure of the fibronectin type 1 module which appears twelve times in fibronectin and is also found in factor XII and tissue plasminogen activator. The module was produced using a yeast expression system and the structure was determined in solution using 1H NMR. This methodology promises to be extremely powerful in the investigation of modules from a wide range of mosaic proteins.     

癌症相关促凋亡蛋白Par-4的信号转导途径预测研究

利用支持向量机(SVM)技术构建Par-4关联的蛋白质相互作用网络,预测出与Par-4有相互作用的蛋白质82个;这些蛋白质按照功能划分为8大类,主要包括:蛋白激酶、泛素化蛋白酶、死亡受体相关因子、与细胞周期或DNA复制相关蛋白质、调节蛋白质、与疾病相关蛋白质、具有特定结构域结合蛋白质和其他蛋白质等。结合文献挖掘和数据库检索信息,推断出了Par-4的2条可能新的信号转导途径。首次预测到Par-4与一大类泛素化蛋白有密切的关系。研究发现,Par-4与多种蛋白质具有复杂的相互作用,并且,在多个细胞凋亡途径中扮演了重要角色。     

Proteomic analysis of long-term salinity stress-responsive proteins in Thellungiella halophila leaves

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental factors that may impair crop productivity. A proteomic study based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is performed in order to analyze the long-term salinity stress response of Thellungiella halophila, an Arabidopsis-related halophyte. Four-week-old seedlings are exposed to long-term salinity treatment. The total crude proteins are extracted from leaf blades, separated by 2-DE, stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue, and differentially displayed spots are identified by MALDI-TOF MS or QTOF MS/MS. Among 900 protein spots reproducibly detected on each gel, 30 spots exhibit significant change and some of them are identified. The identified proteins include not only some previously characterized stress-responsive proteins such as TIR-NBS-LRR class disease resistance protein, ferritin-1, and pathogenesis-related protein 5, but also some proteins related to energy pathway, metabolism, RNA processing and protein degradation, as well as proteins with unknown functions. The possible functions of these proteins in salinity tolerance of T. halophila are discussed and it is suggested that the long-term salinity tolerance of T. halophila is achieved, at least partly, by enhancing defense system, adjusting energy and metabolic pathway and maintaining RNA structure.     

A pre-existing hydrophobic collapse in the unfolded state of an ultrafast folding protein

Insights into the conformational passage of a polypeptide chain across its free energy landscape have come from the judicious combination of experimental studies and computer simulations. Even though some unfolded and partially folded proteins are now known to possess biological function or to be involved in aggregation phenomena associated with disease states, experimentally derived atomic-level information on these structures remains sparse as a result of conformational heterogeneity and dynamics. Here we present a technique that can provide such information. Using a 'Trp-cage' miniprotein known as TC5b (ref. 5), we report photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization NMR pulse-labelling experiments that involve rapid in situ protein refolding. These experiments allow dipolar cross-relaxation with hyperpolarized aromatic side chain nuclei in the unfolded state to be identified and quantified in the resulting folded-state spectrum. We find that there is residual structure due to hydrophobic collapse in the unfolded state of this small protein, with strong inter-residue contacts between side chains that are relatively distant from one another in the native state. Prior structuring, even with the formation of non-native rather than native contacts, may be a feature associated with fast folding events in proteins.     

水稻幼苗叶片应答稻瘟病侵染的差异蛋白谱分析

为了探讨水稻感病基因型种质响应稻瘟病侵染的蛋白质表达谱的变化规律和作用途径,以水稻感稻瘟病种质日本晴为材料,采用接种稻瘟病菌分生抱子悬浮液,24,48和72 h后提取叶片蛋白质,采用i TRAQ蛋白质组学技术研究稻瘟病胁迫下水稻叶片蛋白质组的变化.结果表明,稻瘟病侵染诱导了水稻幼苗叶片内涉及氧化还原平衡、防御、信号传导、糖和能量代谢、氨基酸代谢、光合作用,以及蛋白质代谢等代谢途径相关的53个蛋白质的表达量发生了改变.GO分析表明稻瘟病主要调控了植株体内细胞内平衡、代谢过程和蛋白质代谢等生物学过程.稻瘟病侵染激活了活性氧代谢、防御,以及热休克蛋白等相关的途径,而抑制了蛋白质生物合成过程.结合这些差异表达蛋白的丰度变化结合它们可能的功能,描绘了水稻应答稻瘟病侵染的蛋白质代谢网络,有助于在蛋白质水平上了解其应答过程.     

Structure of the membrane-pore-forming fragment of colicin A

Colicins are antibiotic proteins produced by and active against sensitive Escherichia coli and closely related bacteria. They can adsorb to specific receptors located at the external surface of the outer membrane of sensitive cells, and are then translocated to their specific targets within these cells. The largest group of colicins comprises those which can form voltage-dependent channels in membranes, thereby destroying the cell's energy potential. Colicin molecules are organized in structural domains, each domain carrying one function associated with the toxin's lethal activity. The pore-forming activity seems to be located at the carboxyl terminus. A thermolytic fragment comprising amino acids 389-592 from colicin A has pore-forming properties very similar to those of the entire molecule. This fragment is soluble in aqueous medium and spontaneously inserts into lipid bilayers. We have determined the structure of the pore-forming fragment of colicin A by X-ray crystallography and refinement at 2.5 A resolution. The protein consists of ten alpha-helices organized in a three-layer structure. Two of the helices are completely buried within the structure and form a hydrophobic hairpin loop similar to that proposed for signal sequences which function in translocation. We present a model for insertion of the protein into lipid bilayers the features of which may be applicable in other biological systems involving protein insertion or translocation across membranes.     

Molecular dynamics simulations in biology

Molecular dynamics--the science of simulating the motions of a system of particles--applied to biological macromolecules gives the fluctuations in the relative positions of the atoms in a protein or in DNA as a function of time. Knowledge of these motions provides insights into biological phenomena such as the role of flexibility in ligand binding and the rapid solvation of the electron transfer state in photosynthesis. Molecular dynamics is also being used to determine protein structures from NMR, to refine protein X-ray crystal structures faster from poorer starting models, and to calculate the free energy changes resulting from mutations in proteins.