联邦滤波信息分配方法及其在传递对准中的应用

针对高动态导航环境中固定信息分配策略不能满足应用需求的问题,根据联邦滤波公式定量分析了信息分配系数的选择对各子滤波器精度、鲁棒性及计算稳定性的影响.考虑通过提高无故障子滤波器的鲁棒性来提高联邦滤波器的快速重构能力,同时兼顾子滤波器的精度和计算稳定性,提出了基于模糊规则表的信息分配策略,给出了实现该策略的具体方法,并将其用于某导航系统的快速传递对准中.理论分析与仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效提高无故障子系统对系统故障的抗干扰能力,并可保证系统的计算稳定性.     

微小卫星姿态确定系统多信息融合滤波技术

采用微小卫星姿态动力学,并针对太阳敏感器/磁强计/卫星导航系统(GPS)接收机多姿态信息融合的特点,提出一种基于融合反馈模式的改进联邦滤波姿态确定方法,各子滤波器只完成量测更新,由主滤波器完成时间更新与预测信息的分配.给出了由四元数描述卫星姿态的误差状态方程和各子系统的量测方程,基于磁强计测量信息,对微小卫星的主要干扰源剩磁进行建模.仿真结果分析表明:基于剩磁建模的姿态动力学模型可有效提高姿态确定的精度;改进联邦滤波算法减少了系统的计算量,保证了可靠性.     

广义联邦滤波器的设计与实验

为了克服联邦滤波器理论中对滤波器维数的限制,基于信息滤波算法和信息分配原理,发展了广义联邦滤波器设计理论。提出了当主滤波器维数和局部滤波器维数不相同时,广义联邦滤波器达到全局最优的解析补偿方法。并将上述设计方法应用到双MIMS/GPS组合导航系统实验中。实验结果表明:经解析补偿的广义联邦滤波器的定位精度同集中Kalman滤波器的定位精度十分接近,具有全局滤波最优性。广义联邦滤波器的设计使联邦滤波理论更加完善,增强了其实用性。     

多传感器信息融合的时间不确定性

分析了测量融合方案的测量信息时间不确定性,将时间不确定性转化为系统不确定性．以跟踪问题为例,讨论了卡尔曼滤波器、确定性系统的鲁棒滤波器和参数不确定性系统的鲁棒滤波器3种滤波器的应用,给出了3种滤波器的求解结果,并对其表现进行了比较．仿真结果表明,在时间不确定性条件下,3种滤波器的性能都有所下降,2种鲁棒滤波器的滤波误差的方差始终比卡尔曼滤波器的方差小。     

联邦滤波器的最优性

Carlson应用方差上界技术和信息分配原理论证了当主滤波器和局部滤波器的维数都相同时联邦滤波器的全局最优性,并且信息分配系数选定后是不变的。为了实现当主滤波器维数大于局部滤波器维数时的全局滤波和局部滤波的最优性,该文提出了一种解析补偿和动态最优信息分配系数确定的方法。结果表明:解析补偿方法附加计算量小,同时可作为一种性能指标用于软故障检测;信息分配系数确定的新方法由于实现了联邦滤波器局部滤波的最优性,从而提高了软故障检测灵敏度。     

带分布时滞奇异非线性系统的鲁棒故障诊断

研究了用Takagi-Sugeno模糊模型描述的带分布时滞奇异非线性系统的鲁棒故障诊断问题。设计基于模糊滤波器的残差产生器,将问题归结为H∞滤波,给出了奇异时滞模糊系统鲁棒H∞故障诊断滤波器存在的充分条件及线性矩阵不等式求解方法。     

无人直升机鲁棒积分滤波反步法飞行控制设计

现有的无人直升机模型具有阶数高、精确建模困难、外部干扰大等缺点,因此,设计常规反步控制器面临着计算量大、抗干扰能力不足、轨迹跟踪效果差等问题.为此,文中提出了一种基于鲁棒积分滤波反步法的无人直升机飞行控制方法.该方法采用滤波器对虚拟控制量进行求导,以解决反步控制器的微分爆炸问题;通过引入积分项和不连续的鲁棒项来提高闭环系统的抗干扰能力,消除轨迹跟踪静态误差.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法是有效、可行的.     

基于H∞滤波器的离散时滞系统鲁棒故障检测方法

针对一类具有不确定性的离散时滞系统，基于H∞滤波器研究了系统的鲁棒故障检测问题。利用H∞控制理论得到了系统的故障检测滤波器设计方法。证明了故障检测残差对不确定性具有H∞范数界的鲁棒性，给出了滤波器参数设计方法。仿真示例验证了该方法的有效性．     

纯滞后对象的直接补偿外模控制器

提出了一种适用于纯滞后对象的外模控制器,将外部模型输出与系统实际输出之差经滤波后直接补偿控制信号。标称系统的动态性能由外部模型和补偿器来保证;系统的鲁棒性能和抗干扰能力则由滤波器来保证,二者可以解析设计,仿真结果表明,这种外模控制器具有良好的动态性能和抗干扰能力,鲁棒性能优于Ｓｍｉｔｈ预估控制,而且设计简单、方便。     

基于H∞理论的中立型时滞系统鲁棒故障检测

基于观测器方法研究了一类具有不确定扰动的中立型时滞系统的鲁棒故障检测问题。应用H∞控制理论给出了带记忆观测器的鲁棒渐近稳定条件，并研究了基于线性矩阵不等式的观测器增益阵设计方法。利用所设计的故障检测观测器可使获得的故障检测残差在对不确定扰动具有抑制水平γ的同时，对故障信号具有L2增益ρ，从而体现了残差对不确定扰动的鲁棒性和对故障信号响应的灵敏度。仿真算倒表明，运用该方法进行鲁棒故障检测是有效的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.