几丁质酶产生菌C4发酵培养基优化及其对Bt的增效作用研究

为提高几丁质酶产生菌C4的产酶效率，加强其对Bt（Bacillus thuringiensis）的增效作用，本研究通过培养基优化，筛选出了该菌发酵优化培养基，配方为：蛋白胨0.8%，酵母膏0.8% KNO3 0.8%，MgSO4 0.05%，KH2PO4 0.03%，pH 7.5. 28℃，180 r/min，培养48 h至对数期，加入1.0%的胶体几丁质，诱导C4菌产生几丁质酶.在此条件下，C4菌产酶周期由5 d缩短为4 d；几丁质酶活力由2.68 U/mL提高到5.95 U/mL.用此发酵菌液与B     

蜂房芽孢杆菌B－91几丁质酶的合成条件

从厦门地区牡养殖场分离筛选到一株产几丁质酶活力较高的蜂房芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌ－ｌｕｓａｌｖｅｉ）Ｂ－９１，研究了该菌几丁质酶的合成条件。结果表明：该菌在以几丁质为碳氮源的培养基中生长，能合成多量的几丁质酶。酶的合成受各种几丁质诱导。在产酶培养基中添加不同的有机或无机氮源，均能促进酶的合成，而葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖和乳糖对酶合成有阻遏作用。该菌几丁质酶合成的最适培养基初始ｐＨ为６．８，最适温度为２８℃。在２５０ｍｌ三角瓶装５０ｍｌ培养基，接种量为２％，振荡培养６０ｈ时，培养液中几丁质酶活力可达２２１２ｕ／ｍＬ．     

海洋细菌11211的生长条件及其几丁质酶研究

从南海海水中分离到产几丁质酶的弧菌（Ｖｉｂｒｉｏ ｓｐ．）,研究了菌株１１２１１的生长条件和产酶条件。１１２１１菌生长需要Ｎａ＾＋,海水的其他成分对菌生长也有影响。胶体几丁质可诱导几丁质酶产生。在几丁质培养基中１１２１１菌的产酶高峰为生长的第７天。经硫酸铵沉淀,Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－１００、ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素及几丁质柱层析,酶被纯化了１８倍。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,酶的相对分子质量约为３００００。该     

南海海域几丁质降解菌的筛选及其特性研究

从南海海域水样和沉积物中分离并筛选到两株几丁质降解菌,分别为SCSS04和SCSWE13.16S rDNA序列分析结果表明,菌株SCSS04属于芽孢杆菌属,菌株SCSWE13属于弧菌属.两株菌几丁质酶的产生均需要几丁质的诱导,并在富营养培养基中产酶量较高.菌株SCSS04在培养第9天产酶量达到最高,所产生的几丁质酶最适反应温度为40～50℃.菌株SCSWE13属于低温酶,在培养第7天产酶量达到最高,所产生的几丁质酶最适反应温度为20～28℃.     

几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶生物学特性及其编码基因的克隆和转化

几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶在植物病害生物防治作用中具有重要的作用，本文着重介绍了几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶的分子生物学方面的特性，以及几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶编码基因的克隆和转化研究概况，将编码几丁质酶和／或葡聚糖酶的基因导入到植物中，能够提高植物抗病能力，导入到植物病害生防直菌或细菌中，可以提高生物防治菌的效果。     

禾谷镰孢菌原生质体的制备和再生研究

为建立禾谷镰孢菌（Fusarium gromineanum Schwabe）转化体系，选用禾谷镰孢菌株F128为受体，分别用裂解酶、蜗牛酶、崩溃酶、纤维素酶、几丁质酶消化该菌细胞壁，都可获得一定数量的原生质体。其中产生原生质体效率最高的是崩溃酶，而且以5g／L浓度产生的原生质体数量最多，消化3．5－4．5h即可获得相当数量的原生质体，菌量的加入以每毫升酶解液中加入20mg湿菌性产生的原生质体最多。所制备出的原生质体的再生方式至少有2种。     

抑制多种植物病原菌的几丁质酶产生菌X2-23的鉴定

样品经纹枯病菌细胞壁培养基富集后 ,从 16 6株几丁质酶产生菌中分离得到一株高产几丁质酶细菌X2 2 3.X2 2 3对所有指示菌如水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病、水稻恶苗病、小麦赤霉病、油菜菌核病以及水稻白叶枯病等多种病原菌均具强烈的拮抗作用 .当X2 2 3加入上述病原真菌的液体培养基中时 ,由光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察发现病原真菌菌丝发生扭曲、变形、菌丝细胞壁肿胀裂解、细胞质聚集、原生质体外溢或裸露等异常现象 .几丁质酶活性达 2 5 .5U/mL .该细菌经鉴定为圆孢芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusglobisporus) ,是一种新的几丁质酶产生菌 .     

木霉菌产生的葡聚糖酶和植物病害防治

木霉菌能够产生不同类型的葡聚糖酶，包括α-1，3-、β-1，3-、β-1，4-和β-1，6-葡聚糖酶，酶的产生受葡萄糖抑制，而为葡萄糖聚合体如真菌细胞壁所诱导。已经克隆了几个萄聚糖酶的编码基因。该酶是木霉菌产生的重要抑菌蛋白，能够与几丁质酶或抗生素协同抗菌，用于改良植物病害生物防治菌和植物。     

抗稻瘟病几丁质酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件的研究

稻瘟病具有传染快、危害大等特点,其微生物防治具有良好的发展前景.本实验采用以稻瘟病细胞壁为筛选培养基来筛选抗稻瘟病的几丁质酶产生菌,并对筛选到的优良茵株进行产酶条件优化.实验结果表明,从不同来源的土壤和植物器官中分离得到16株能检测到几丁质酶活性的几丁质酶产生茵,其中以H3和H9的产酶能力最强,具有良好的开发价值.     

产几丁质酶菌株的分离与鉴定及产酶条件优化

从土壤中分离到一株产几丁质酶的细菌LL-C.该菌经16S rDNA序列同源性分析及形态培养特征、生理生化特征分析,鉴定为Luteibacter rhizovicinus,属于黄单胞菌科(Xanthomonadaceae).以不同发酵时间、碳源、氮源、起始pH值、培养基装液量和培养温度为因素,考察LL-C菌株产几丁质酶的优化条件.结果表明,最有利于该菌产几丁质酶的条件:碳源为胶体几丁质、氮源为(NH4)2SO4,培养基起始pH值为4.5,培养基装液量为30 mL,培养温度为32 ℃,振荡培养时间为7 d,此优化条件下,摇瓶产酶活力为115.02 μkat·L-1.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to