碳纳米管Fe82P18非晶复合材料的晶化行为

为研究碳 nm管对铁磷非晶热稳定性的影响 ,分别对快速凝固制备的铁磷非晶合金和碳 nm管铁磷非晶复合材料进行了晶化过程的磁热分析 ,并测定了晶化激活能和Avrami指数。结果表明 ,随着碳 nm管体积分数的提高 ,铁磷非晶基体的晶化特征温度明显提高 ,晶化激活能增加 ,加入体积分数约 10 %的碳 nm管使晶化开始温度提高了约10 0 K,晶化激活能增加约 40 % ;铁磷非晶晶化过程表现为形核及晶核一维长大的单一阶段 ,而碳 nm管铁磷非晶的晶化过程分为明显的两个阶段 ,出现了显著的二维长大过程。     

高温高压条件下甲烷和二氧化碳溶解度试验

根据不同温度和压力条件下测得的甲烷和二氧化碳两种气体在碳酸氢钠型水中的溶解度数据,对两种气体的溶解度与温度、压力及地层水矿化度之间的关系进行研究。结果表明:在地层水中的溶解机制不同,导致两种气体的溶解度值随温度、压力条件的变化具有不同的演变特征;综合前人低温(小于90℃)测试的溶解度数据,可将甲烷溶解度与温度之间的演变关系划分为缓慢递减(0~80℃)、快速递增(80~150℃)和缓慢递增(大于150℃)3个阶段;二氧化碳溶解度随温度的升高而逐渐降低,随压力升高而逐渐增大,其溶解与析离能力受压力影响更为明显;实际地层中,两种气体间溶解度的差异演变影响了天然气的空间分布。     

热处理对多壁碳纳米管储氢性能的影响

文章采用容量法测量在常温下压力升高到10 MPa时,多壁碳纳米管的吸附储氢性能,分析了热处理对碳纳米管的结构和吸附储氢量的影响。采用透射电镜(TEM)、激光拉曼光谱(Raman)和低温N2吸附(BET)对碳纳米管的微观结构进行表征。结果发现,热处理能明显地提高碳纳米管的石墨化程度,热处理后碳纳米管的质量储氢容量从原来的1.90%升高到2.17%。     

多壁碳纳米管氨基化修饰

将多壁碳纳米管高温处理除去无定形碳、然后用混酸（硫酸／硝酸）对碳纳米管进行表面羧基化．将羧基化碳纳米管与二氯亚砜反应得到酰氯化碳纳米管,然后将其分别与4,4＇-二氨基二苯砜（DDS）、1,3-二（3-氨丙基）-1,1,3,3-四甲基二甲硅醚（＆DA）、4＂,4＂＇-六氟异亚丙基-二（4-苯氧基苯胺）（FA）等二胺反应得到不同氨基化碳纳米管,FTIR,Raman,EDX,XRD,SEM,TGA分别对氨基化碳纳米管的结构与性能进行表征．通过对其在不同溶剂中的分散性的测试,氨基化碳纳米管在乙醇中的分散性明显优于未经修饰过的碳纳米管．     

石墨矿床中产出的天然纳米碳管

纳米碳管因其特有的性质已成为一种引人注目的材料。本文报道了产于新疆苏吉泉石墨矿床中的天然纳米碳管,并对其进行了高分辨电子显微镜研究。该发现表明迄今为止所有碳的同素异形体均可产于自然界,并且高温、压力、催化剂颗粒在产生纳米碳管的过程中起到了非常重要的作用。计算了石墨化花岗岩的形成温度和压力等条件。该发现对指导科学家合成纳米碳管和利用该矿床具有十分重要的意义。     

碳纳米管对敌敌畏和甲胺磷的富集与检测

利用多壁碳纳米管作为固相萃取剂,对一定浓度的有机磷农药水溶液进行富集,然后用洗脱剂对富集后的碳纳米管进行洗脱,使用气相色谱仪测定洗脱液中有机磷农药的含量并计算回收率．在室温条件下,确定最佳的富集时间;使用乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,在中性条件下研究了洗脱温度、时间等条件的影响,确定了较高回收率的洗脱条件．结果表明：在室温下,碳纳米管对敌敌畏的富集在3h时达到100％．碳纳米管对甲胺磷的富集效果不佳．在中性条件下,60℃洗脱3h,敌敌畏的回收率为75．9％,碳纳米管可以用于实际水样中敌敌畏的富集与检测．     

基于改性碳纳米材料的SF6放电分解气敏特性研究

为了解决本征碳纳米管在SF₆气体传感检测方面存在局限性的问题,研究了基于空气等离子体改性的本征碳纳米管气体传感器对SF₆分解气体中重要特征组分的气敏特性。利用空气等离子体对本征碳纳米管进行改性,引入空气等离子体预处理碳纳米管表面,研究改性碳纳米管在检测SF₆气体分解组分时的气体传感响应特性。结果表明：与本征碳纳米管相比,经空气等离子体改性的碳纳米管气体传感器对H₂S气体的电阻变化具有较高的灵敏度,响应时间短,并具有良好的重复性和稳定性;经空气等离子体改性的碳纳米管对SO₂气体电阻变化率的敏感性明显降低;不同掺杂比例的碳纳米管气体传感器对SOF₂和SO₂F₂的敏感性不同。因此,基于空气等离子体改性的本征碳纳米管气体传感器能准确反映SF₆气体的放电分解情况,可为准确检测SF₆气体的分解成分提供依据。     

Preparation of double-walled carbon nanotubes

Double-walled carbon nanotubes were prepared using the floating chemical vapor deposition with methane as carbon source and adding small amount of sulfur into the ferrocene catalyst. The optimized technological parameters are: the reaction temperature is 1200℃; the catalyst vapor temperature is 80℃; the flow rate of argon is 2000 SCCM; the flow rate of methane is 5 SCCM. The purified DWNTs under these optimized technological parameters have high purity above 90 wt%.     

CNT-SnO2复合材料的制备及甲醛气敏性的研究

甲醛作为室内装潢最主要的污染物之一,会对人们的健康造成危害。采用旁热式气敏元件的制备工艺,利用功能化后的碳纳米管对二氧化锡进行不同比例的掺杂,利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对气敏材料进行表征;并在甲醛气氛中与二氧化锡气体传感器进行对比。分析了掺杂浓度,工作温度及气体浓度对传感器灵敏度和响应恢复时间的影响,对其气敏机理进行分析。结果表明碳纳米管的引入提高了二氧化锡传感器对甲醛气体的灵敏度缩短了其响应恢复时间;并且对低浓度的甲醛气体也有较好的响应。     

大庆油田采气井管柱CO2腐蚀速度分布规律及影响因素分析

对大庆油田采气分公司升深2-17井CO2腐蚀后的报废油管管柱进行了现场实测,绘出了N80油管管柱CO2腐蚀速度随气井井深分布规律曲线,并对该曲线进行了理论分析;所得结论,对气井油管管柱CO2腐蚀的预测评估,以及采取相应的有效预防措施具有很大的指导作用。     

Synthesis of carbon nanotube array using corona discharge plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

A corona discharge phasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with the features of atmospheric pressure and low temperature has been developed to synthesize the carbon nanotube array ,The array was synthesized from methane and hydrogen mixture in anodic aluminum oxide template channels in that cobalt was electrodeposited at the bottom.The characterization results by the scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy indicate that the array consists of carbon nanotubes with the diameter of about 40 nm and the length of more than 4 μm, and the carbon anotubes are mainly restrained within the channels of templates.     

多壁碳纳米管的纯化

研究了碳纳米管中各种不同形态的碳相在氢气氛下的甲烷化行为及其在碳纳米管纯化中的应用,研究结果表明,不同稳定性的碳相在氢气氛下的起始甲烷化温度是不一样的,构成碳纳米管主体的六元环的碳,较之类似活性碳的杂形碳以及主要由五元环和七元环构成的碳纳米小颗粒,在氢气氛下是较为稳定的,实验表明,通过控制甲烷化的温度以及尾气的相色谱检测可实现碳纳米管的纯化及纯化进程的实时在线监控。     

Synthesis and characterization of carbon-coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CFNPs) were prepared via a reverse micelle method. The CFNPs were subsequently coated with carbon shells by means of thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD). In this process, acetylene gas (C₂H₂) was used as a carbon source and the coating was carried out for 1, 2, or 3 h at 750°C. The Ar/C₂H₂ ratio was 10:1. Heating during the TCVD process resulted in a NP core size that approached 30 nm; the thickness of the shell was less than 10 nm. The composition, structure, and morphology of the fabricated composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, simultaneous thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and selected-area diffraction. A vibrating sample magnetometer was used to survey the samples’ magnetic properties. The deposited carbon shell substantially affected the growth and magnetic properties of the CFNPs. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to study the carbon coating and revealed that the deposited carbon comprised graphite, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and diamond- like carbon. With an increase in coating time, the intensity ratio between the amorphous and ordered peaks in the Raman spectra decreased, which indicated an increase in crystallite size.     

Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes by assembling nano-silver

A facile solution processed strategy of synthesizing nano silver assembled on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at room temperature was put forward. Activated carbon nanotubes were used as precursors for preparing silver-decorated nanotubes. The nature of the decorated nanotubes was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The inert surfaces of carbon nanotubes were activated by introducing catalytic nuclei via an oxidation-sensitization-activation approach. Activated carbon nanotubes catalyzed the metal deposition specifically onto their surfaces upon immersion in electroless plating baths. The method produced nanotubes decorated with silver. The extent of silver decoration was found to be dependent on fabrication conditions. Dense nano silver assembled on nanotube surfaces could be obtained by keeping a low reaction rate in the solution phase. The results here show that this method is an efficient and simple means of achieving carbon nanotubes being assembled by nano metal.     

真空条件下的金刚石成核

本文讨论了在真空状态下,碳离子淀积时产生金刚石成核的机理,作者认为高速运动碳离子打在非晶碳膜上产生了小范围的局部压力和热量.正是这个压强和高温使小范围内的非晶碳处于金刚石稳定的热力学状态.在此条件下小的金刚石核形成,同时经过迅速冷却保留下来.     

超临界CO2萃取天然维生素E的工艺研究

以甲酯化的大豆油脱臭馏出物为原料,设计了单塔超临界二氧化碳萃取天然维生素E的工艺路线,讨论了温度、压力、填料高度等因素对萃取过程的影响。结果表明,原料进料量0.02kg/h,萃取塔压力20MPa,萃取塔温度梯度40-45-50-60-70℃,气液比在80kg/h左右,塔内填料为三角填料的实验条件下,萃取效果较好,萃取后维生素的质量分数和收率分别可达24.3%和81.5%。并与双塔、三塔连续逆流操作的超临界萃取天然维生素E的工艺进行了比较,结果为双塔连续逆流萃取工艺为最佳方案。     

Nano-sized graphitic carbon in authigenic tube pyrites from offshore southwest Taiwan,South China Sea,and its implication for tracing gas hydrate

Gas hydrates are a significant energy resource and are usually detected by bottom simulating reflection and submarine geochemical anomalies. Authigenic minerals are related to gas hydrates, with carbonates, sulfates and sulfides being important tracing minerals. Authigenic tubular pyrites were collected from offshore southwest Taiwan in the South China Sea, and were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Authigenic tubular pyrite was composed of framboidal pyrite, within which nanosized graphitic carbon of low crystallinity was discovered. The graphitic carbon coexisted with pyrite and had a texture similar to carbon nanotubes and nanocones, indicating that they likely precipitated from carbon supersaturated C-H-O fluid. Pyrite may act as a catalyst for the conversion of CH 4 to C. The discovery of nanosized graphitic carbon in pyrite indicated it was deposited in sediments that were supersaturated with methane fluid. Thus, nanosized graphitic carbon may be another tracing species for submarine gas hydrates. The discovery of nanosized graphitic carbon deposited in a low temperature environment will enlighten our understanding of the laboratory synthesis and industrial production of graphitic carbon.     

压强对PECVD制备碳纳米管的影响

采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术(PECVD),以C2H2、H2和N2为反应气体,在镀Ni催化剂的Si基底上成功制备出多壁碳纳米管薄膜.并通过扫描电镜拍摄其表征,系统、深入地研究了沉积压强对碳管形貌的影响.结果表明:沉积压强对催化剂的刻蚀和碳纳米管薄膜的形成起着重要作用,获得定向性良好、分布均匀、密度适中的碳纳米管的最佳沉积压强是300 Pa.     

Synthesis of carbon nanotube array using corona discharge plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Carbon nanotube array plays an important role in the area of nanomaterials due to its potential applications, e.g. as field emitter in flat panel display[1,2] and as template for synthesizing arrays of other important nanomaterials[3]. Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template possesses an ordered porous structure that is formed through self-or- ganization during anodization[4,5], and is widely used to synthesize one-dimensional nanomaterial arrays[6]. Carbon nanotubes are usually assembled into t…     

用浮动催化裂解法制取单壁碳纳米管

为寻找一种可以批量制备高质量、高产率单壁碳纳米管的方法 ,对浮动催化裂解碳氢化合物法制取单壁碳纳米管进行了研究。实验采用苯为碳源 ,二茂铁为催化剂 ,氢气为载气 ,噻吩为添加剂。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜以及拉曼谱等方法对产物进行检测与评估 ,分析了参数对产物的影响。结果表明 ,裂解温度越高 ,越有利于单壁碳纳米管的生长 ;发现通过碳源和直接通入反应室的 H2 流量比为 1:2时 ,较利于单壁碳纳米管的生长。浮动催化裂解法制备出来的单壁碳纳米管直径约为 1nm,直径分布较均匀 ,并且可以半连续、低成本地生产